苯甲酸雌二醇对新吉富罗非鱼雌性化的影响

为研究外源激素对罗非鱼性别分化的影响,本研究以新吉富罗非鱼作为试验鱼种,以苯甲酸雌二醇作为外源性雌激素,通过设置不同的药物浓度梯度、诱导时长,研究了口服和浸浴两种方法对新吉富罗非鱼雌性化的影响。结果表明,口服不同药物浓度饲料的雌性化诱导中,雌性化率随着浓度的增加、诱导时间的延长而升高,且与对照组存在明显的差异(P0.05),其中150 mg/kg饲料处理组投喂90 d的雌性率最高为94.45%,比对照组(46.11%)高49.34%,50 mg/kg饲料处理组投喂30 d的雌性率最低为65.00%;不同药物浓度浸浴30 d的雌性化诱导中,雌性率随着浸浴浓度的增加而升高,且均显著高于对照组(P0.05),其中以150μg/L的雌性率最高,为77.78%。表明口服和浸浴两种雌性化方法诱导新吉富罗非鱼性逆转均具有良好的效果,但综合考虑实效性和方便性,建议采用口服的方法更容易诱导和获得雌性化鱼。     

不同投喂模式下新吉富罗非鱼的补偿生长

在23.7℃～31.2℃条件下,将初始体重约为31.65g的新吉富罗非鱼(NEW GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus)饲养在12只直径1.0m的圆形不锈钢桶中,每桶20尾,采用4种不同投喂模式饲喂47d:A组(每天投喂,对照组)、B组(隔天投喂)、C组(隔1d投喂3d)和D组(隔1d投喂5d),研究了不同投喂模式对新吉富罗非鱼补偿生长的影响。结果显示:D组的增重率显著高于其它各组(包括对照组)(P<0.05),达到164.76%;B、C、D组的摄食率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),B组和D组的饲料效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),都达到70%以上。B组和C组新吉富罗非鱼仅有部分补偿生长能力,而D组显示了超补偿生长效应。这种补偿生长效应主要通过饥饿后食欲增强,摄食量增加实现,但饲料效率的提高对补偿生长也有一定的贡献。研究结果为罗非鱼的科学养殖及其补偿生长效应在生产中的应用具有一定的指导意义。     

投喂率和投喂频率对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝脏健康的影响

为探讨投喂率和投喂频率对鱼类生长和肝脏健康的影响,以吉富罗非鱼(Oreachromis niloticus)幼鱼(3.78 g±0.01 g)为研究对象,采用4×2双因子实验设计,设置了4个投喂率(8%、10%、12%和表观饱食投喂)和2个投喂频率(2次/d、3次/d),共8个处理,在24个循环水养殖桶(有效容积100 L)中养殖30 d。结果显示:在8%～12%的投喂率下,投喂频率对实验鱼的生长性能和饲料利用无显著影响,但发现表观饱食投喂3次/d的实验鱼生长性能和饲料效率最佳,其增重率和特定生长率显著高于投喂率8%实验组,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于投喂率10%和12%实验组,而饲料成本则显著低于投喂率12%实验组。投喂率和投喂频率对实验鱼的肥满度、脏体比以及干物质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响。随投喂率的增加,实验鱼的成活率提高,其肝脏和去内脏全鱼的粗脂肪含量逐渐增加,但肌肉和内脏的粗脂肪无显著变化。投喂率和投喂频率对实验鱼血清总蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量及碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶活性无显著影响,但投喂率为10%的实验组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于投喂率8%实验组的血糖水平随投喂率的增加而升高。实验鱼肝细胞的核面积比例不受投喂率和投喂频率的影响,而空泡面积比例以表观饱食投喂的最大。依据生长性能和饲料利用,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼选择表观饱食投喂3次/d效果较好,但会产生体脂肪积累过多,肝细胞空泡增大等影响;若综合考虑生长和养殖成本,以10%的投喂率,投喂2次/d为宜。     

饲料蛋白质水平与投喂频率对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长及部分生理生化指标的影响

为探讨饲料蛋白质水平与投喂频率对罗非鱼生长及生理健康的影响,采用2×3双因子实验,研究饲料蛋白质水平(36.27%和26.02%)与投喂频率(1、2和3次/d)对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体成分、血清指标和肝胰脏结构的影响。养殖周期为42 d,结果表明:随饲料蛋白质水平的增加,实验鱼的末体质量(FW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)、肥满度(CF)、去内脏全鱼灰分(EWA)、内脏水分(VM)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)水平显著升高(P0.05),而摄食率(FI)、脏体比(VSI)、饲料成本(FC)、去内脏全鱼粗脂肪(EWF)、内脏粗脂肪(VF)、肝胰脏粗脂肪(HF)显著降低(P0.05);随投喂频率的增加,实验鱼的FW、WGR、SGR、肝体比(HSI)、CF、FC、EWF、VF、HF,血清中的总胆固醇水平(TCHO)、HDLC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TGK)水平显著升高(P0.05),而FE、蛋白质效率(PER)、去内脏全鱼水分(EWM)、EWA、VM、肝胰脏水分(HM)显著降低(P0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平和投喂频率对实验鱼的FW、WGR、SGR、VM和HDLC的交互作用显著(P0.05)。投喂26.02%蛋白质水平饲料的实验鱼,肝胰脏细胞肿大变形,呈现透明的空泡化,出现细胞核偏移;而投喂36.27%蛋白质饲料的实验鱼,大多数肝细胞胞浆清晰,可观察到的肝细胞空泡面积较小。综合考虑,饲料蛋白质含量为36.27%是适合吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的,其适宜的投喂频率为2次/d以上,可根据罗非鱼市场情况进行调节。     

饲料中添加硫酸锌对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼生长和机体抗氧化功能的影响

试验以硫酸锌为锌源,评价不同锌水平对奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼(Oreochrvmis aureus ♂×Oreochromis niloticus♂)生长和抗氧化能力的影响.体质量为(4.13±0.32)g罗非鱼随机分配在18个水族箱中,每箱20尾,每3个箱为1个处理组,分别以添加锌为0、20、40、80、160和320 mg·kg-1的6种饲料投喂,日投喂率为鱼体重5%～9%.8周的试验结果表明:20 mg·kg-1锌饲料组的增重率和鱼体蛋白含量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),蛋白质效率、饲料转化率也明显高于其它各组;全鱼脂肪含量随着饲料锌水平的升高而升高,但320 mg·kg-1锌饲料组降低;20 mg·kg-1锌饲料组,脊椎骨中锌离子浓度达到最大值且显著高于0 mg·kg-1锌饲料组(P<0.05);20 mg·kg-1与40 mg·kg-1锌饲料组的血液中红细胞数量显著高于其它各添加组(P<0.05),20 mg·kg-1锌饲料组的血液中血比容显著高于0 mg·kg-1组(P<0.05),与其它各组没有显著差异;肌肉中,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物(TBARS)(Thiobarbituricacid-reactivesubstances)的量,锌为0mg·kg-1饲料组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05).综上所述,饲料中锌添加量为20 mg·kg-1饲料促进了罗非鱼生长,使鱼体抗氧化功能增强.     

喂以高剂量的雄激素对金色罗非鱼性比的影响

试验于水温27—32℃的条件下用含60、90、120和240mg／kg乙炔基睾酮(ET)的饲料投喂金色罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)鱼苗22天，获得了100％雄鱼。喂含60、90和120mg／kg甲基睾酮(MT)的饲料获得了96—99％雄鱼。对金色罗非鱼鱼苗采用偶然过量的ET或MT并不妨碍单性雄鱼的实际规模生产(建议剂量在300%范围)。     

网箱养殖模式下投喂率对吉富罗非鱼生长性能的影响

为了解吉富罗非鱼养成中期和后期最适投喂率，于吉富罗非鱼养成中期设置6个试验组(1.50%,2.00%,2.50%,3.00%,3.50%和4.00%)，于养成后期设置4个试验组(1.50%,2.00%,2.50%和3.00%)开展养殖试验。周期分别为60和72 d。结果显示，养成中期，吉富罗非鱼的体质量增加率随投喂率的增加而增大；饲料系数随投喂率的增加则呈现先降低后升高的趋势，投喂率为2.00%组最低；投喂率对罗非鱼的肥满度、肝体比和脂体比有显著影响(P<0.05)。养成后期，吉富罗非鱼的体质量增加率随投喂率的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势；饲料系数随着投喂率的增加而增大，投喂率为1.5%时最低，投喂率为3.0%时最高。指出，在网箱养殖模式下，分别以获得最大体质量增加率和最低的饲料系数为评价指标，养成中期吉富罗非鱼适宜投喂率分别为4.02%和1.96%，养成后期分别2.56%和1.50%。     

饲料中添加肽聚糖对大黄鱼生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

以初始体重(30.8±1.33)g的大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)为研究对象,探讨饲料中添加肽聚糖对其生长和非特异性免疫力的影响.分别向每千克基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、100、500mg肽聚糖,配制出3种等氮等能的实验饲料,进行为期8周的摄食生长实验.实验在海水浮式网箱(1.5m×1.5m×2.0m)中进行,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养40尾.实验采取饱食投喂方式,每天投喂2次(05:00和17:30),实验期间海水水温为27.5～30.5℃,盐度为29～33,溶解氧含量在7mg·L-1以上.饲喂实验结束后测定实验鱼的生长及相关的免疫学指标,同时每网箱取10尾实验鱼转入室内300L水族箱内进行攻毒实验.实验结果表明,饲料中添加肽聚糖显著影响大黄鱼的成活和生长.当饲料中添加100和500mg·kg-1肽聚糖时,成活率(分别为95.8%和95.0%)显著高于对照组(88.3%).当饲料中添加100和500mg·kg-1肽聚糖时特定生长率(分别1.44%·d-1和1.41%·d-1)显著高于对照组(1.12%·d-1)(P<0.05).饲料中添加肽聚糖实验组大黄鱼血液白细胞吞噬活力和血清溶菌酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且添加肽聚糖的两实验组之间差异不显著;而血清替代补体途径活力则随着饲料中肽聚糖添加水平的增加而显著提高(P<0.05).哈维氏弧菌攻毒实验结果表明,饲料中添加肽聚糖实验组的累积死亡率(分别为25.0%和25.7%)显著低于对照组(64.3%)(P<0.05).因此,饲料中添加适宜含量的肽聚糖可显著提高大黄鱼生长率和非特异性免疫力,肽聚糖可以作为一种安全高效的口服免疫增强剂应用于大黄鱼的养殖生产.     

高水平烟酸对吉富罗非鱼脂代谢和体脂沉积的影响

为探讨高水平烟酸对鱼类脂代谢和体脂沉积的影响,本研究以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromisniluticus)为研究对象,设计了2个实验。在实验I中,为确定烟酸是否具有改善血脂作用及其适宜水平,首先通过高糖高脂饲料喂养初始体重(15.28±0.23) g的实验鱼40 d,建立高血脂模型,随后改投添加500 mg/kg、1000 mg/kg、2000 mg/kg烟酸的饲料。结果发现添加500～2000mg/kg的烟酸,均有降低实验鱼血清胆固醇和甘油三酯水平的作用,但以1000～2000 mg/kg的效果较为显著。在实验Ⅱ中,采用2×2双因素实验设计,研究了2种饲料类型(对照组和高糖高脂饲料)和2个烟酸水平(100 mg/kg和1000 mg/kg)对初始体重(24.45±0.07) g实验鱼生长、饲料利用、血脂水平和体成分的影响。养殖8周。结果发现,饲料类型或烟酸水平未对实验鱼的末体重、增重率、特定生长率、肥满度、脏体比和肠脂比,以及全鱼粗脂肪、粗蛋白、水分和灰分含量等生长性能指标产生显著影响(P0.05);对饲料粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率、饲料系数、摄食率等饲料利用指标也未产生显著影响(P0.05)。与投喂对照组饲料的相比,投喂高糖高脂饲料的实验鱼对饲料干物质和总能的表观消化率,及其血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸水平,肝脏、内脏、腹肌的粗脂肪含量显著升高(P0.05);而投喂高水平烟酸实验鱼的血清低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇和游离脂肪酸水平,肝脏粗脂肪含量则显著降低(P0.05)。饲料类型和烟酸水平仅对实验鱼血清的高密度脂蛋白和胆固醇水平存在显著的交互作用(P0.05)。结果表明,饲料中添加1000 mg/kg烟酸不会影响吉富罗非鱼的生长性能和饲料利用,并具有降低血脂水平和肝脏脂肪含量的作用。     

不同投喂率和投喂频率对大杂交鲟幼鱼生长、体成分和生化指标的影响

为探讨大杂交鲟(Huso dauricus♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂)适宜投喂率和投喂频率,本实验分别设计了5个投喂率(0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%)和5个投喂频率(1次/d、2次/d、3次/d、4次/d和5次/d),研究不同投喂率和投喂频率对大杂交鲟生长、体成分和生化指标的影响。投喂率实验中鱼初重(335.87±0.82)g,投喂频率实验中鱼初重(334.77±1.06)g,养殖周期为10周。结果表明,随着投喂率升高,实验鱼增重率、特定生长率、肝体比、脏体比、肥满度,肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和肝粗脂肪含量显著升高(P0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和胃蛋白酶活性均显著升高(P0.05);饲料效率、全鱼和肌肉水分含量均显著降低(P0.05);全鱼粗脂肪含量,血清总蛋白、白蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,肠脂肪酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势(P0.05)。随着投喂频率增加,实验鱼增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率无显著差异(P0.05);1次/d投喂频率组脏体比、肥满度和全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),2次/d投喂频率组全鱼粗蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。不同投喂频率对实验鱼除血清葡萄糖含量以外的其他血清生化指标和胃肠消化酶活性或含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。综合以上结果认为,在300～600g大杂交鲟的养殖过程中日投喂率在1.2%～1.6%,投喂频率为2次/d比较适宜。     

益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长和全虾营养组成的影响

研究了芽孢杆菌制剂（Bacillus sp．，10^9CFU·g^-1）对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei（初始体重0．03g·尾^-1）生长性能、全虾营养成分和氨基酸的影响。7种试验饲料中芽孢杆菌制剂的添加量分别为0，0．5，1．0，1．5，2．0，2．5和3．0g·kg^-1饲料。芽孢杆菌制剂对凡纳滨对虾的成活率没有显著影响。摄食添加益生菌1．0和1．5g·kg^-1饲料的凡纳滨对虾的增重率高并且饲料系数低于对照组，特别是添加量为1．0g·kg^-1时，差异显著；然而，其它添加量并不存在显著性差异。添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾全虾的水分、蛋白质和灰分含量的影响不显著；投喂添加益生菌1．0和1．5g·kg^-1饲料，脂肪含量高于对照组。饲料中添加益生菌可以改变凡纳滨对虾全虾中部分氨基酸的含量。     

益倍康对刺参生长、消化和免疫相关指标的影响

以刺参为试验对象,在其基础饲料中分别添加1、5、10、20g/kg的微生态制剂益倍康,进行60d的饲养试验,研究益倍康对刺参生长、消化和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,益倍康具有一定的促长作用,20g/kg组的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。益倍康对提高刺参消化酶活性、免疫功能具有积极作用,其中20g/kg组的淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);5g/kg组的淀粉酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);统计分析表明,5g/kg为益倍康最适添加量。     

Efficacy of Trenbolone Acetate in Sex Inversion of the Blue Tilapia Oreochromis aureus

Abstract.— Trenbolone acetate (TBA) is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid approved in the United States as a growth promoter for beef cattle. Pooled populations of blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus with more than 98% males were produced by feeding diets containing TBA. This hormone effectively inversed the sex of blue tilapia when doses of 25–100 mg/kg of diet were fed for 28 d. Fish treated with 60 mg of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone (MT)/kg of feed resulted in 88.7% males. The percentage of male tilapia masculinized with TBA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than with MT. Intersex fish were found in both control and hormone-treated groups, and were significantly more common (P < 0.05) in the MT-treated batches. Survival, feed conversion ratio, and average weight of O. aureus fry fed diets containing either TBA, MT or no hormone were not different (P > 0.05) at the end of the 28-d treatment period.     

Effects of Natural EstradioI-17β and Synthetic 17α- Ethynylestradiol on Direct Feminization of European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax

To produce a monosex female population of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, fry were fed dry diets containing dosages of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg food of either the natural estrogen estradiol-170β(E₂) or the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE₂) for 60 d starting at 88 d post-hatch (dph). A complete feminization (100%) was achieved in all E₂-treated groups at the age of 11 mo (330 dph). All affected fish had ovaries similar in size and histological structure to those of control females. In the E₂-treated groups, feminized fish were heavier and longer than untreated controls (males and females combined). In control groups females exhibited significantly higher body weight and total length than males. Untreated females from control groups and females from the group treated with E₂ at 12.5 mg/kg food had similar body weight, suggesting that in sea bass growth is related to phenotypic sex. In the Entreated groups, survival rates were similar to those of the control fish. A relatively high percentage of females was obtained in the EE₂-treated groups (from 38.6 to 96.5%). However, the gonadal development in these fish was significantly suppressed and a dose-dependent reduction of gonadal sizes was evident. Treatments with the EE₂ (12-5, 25, and 50 mg/kg food) resulted in many fish having abnormal (2.9-5.4-39.8%, respectively) and sterile (0.6-6.0-21.6%, respectively) gonads. Effects also included significantly lower weight and shorter length when compared with controls. Furthermore, fish fed with EE₂ at the dosage of 50 mg/kg food had high mortality rate. A simple protocol was developed for the complete feminization in sea bass in which the fry (80-100 dph) were fed to satiation two times daily with a diet containing 12.5 me of E₂/ks food for a period of 60 d.     

中草药添加剂对山女鳟体内MHC及IL-1β含量的影响

在14．0±0．3℃下,将体质量为100．00±2．15g的1＋龄山女鳟（Oncorhynchus masou masou）饲养在循环水族箱（直径0．85m,高1m）中,每天按鱼体质量1．0％投喂对照（基础饲料,对照组）和含3种自组中药方剂（E1、E2和E3）水煎剂的饲料（给药剂量分别为53．4g·kg^-1·、18．6g·kg^-1和2．4g·kg^-1）30d。停食1d后测定脾、血浆、血细胞、肝4种组织中主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）及白细胞介素（IL-1β）的含量。结果表明：对照组中山女鳟体内MHC含量由高至低依次为：脾〉血浆〉血细胞〉肝;IL-1β含量为：血浆〉肝〉脾〉血细胞。方剂E2对山女鳟体内四种组织中MHC含量有促进作用,且在脾内作用最强;而对山女鳟脾及血细胞中IL-1β含量起到略微促进作用,但抑制血浆中IL-1β含量。本实验表明：方剂E2是最适用于山女鳟的免疫调节制剂。     

A non‐paradoxical dose response to 17α‐methyltestosterone by Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.): effects on the sex ratio,growth and gonadal development

Commercial tilapia production is dependent on monosex culture, commonly obtained through the inclusion of an androgen in the diet for a brief period soon after hatch. To determine a minimum effective dose and identify the problems associated with over‐dosing, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry were fed diets containing methyltestosterone (MT) at rates up to 1200 mg kg^?1 of diet for 28 days. The minimum effective dose for ≥95% males was 14 mg MT kg^?1 diet. Percent phenotypic males increased as the rate increased from 3.75 (80%) to 30 mg kg^?1 MT (99%). Methyltestosterone given at rates of 120 mg kg^?1 or more reduced efficacy but did not result in a reduced frequency of males relative to that of non‐treated fish. The term ‘paradoxical feminization’ does not adequately describe the observed sex ratios, where no fish were feminized but the efficacy of MT at high doses to masculinize females was reduced. At 1200 mg MT kg^?1, the frequency of females (48 ± 1%) was not different from that in the non‐treated population. The mechanism for the reduced efficacy is not clear and is not adequately explained as an aromatization of androgen to oestrogen response.     

黄颡鱼幼鱼对蛋白质和脂肪的需要量

在水温23±5℃下,将平均体质量10．32g的黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）放养在27个60cm×60cm×120cm的微流水网箱中,饲喂3个蛋白质水平（32．0％、40．0％、48．0％）,每个蛋白质水平设3个脂肪水平（3．0％、10．0％和17．0％）的饲料,饲养100d。结果表明：在3．0％脂肪水平下,黄颡鱼摄食含40．0％蛋白质的饲料时,平均末体质量、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著提高,饲料系数降低（P〈0．05）。在10．0％脂肪水平下,黄颡鱼摄食含48．0％蛋白质饲料时,饲料系数显著降低（P〈0．05）,摄食含40．0％的蛋白质饲料次之。黄颡鱼摄食含48．0％蛋白质与3．0％脂肪饲料组和40．0％蛋白质与10．0％脂肪组的干物质消化率最高（P〈0．01）;蛋白质消化率在48．0％蛋白质与3．0％脂肪达到最高（P〈0．01）,脂肪消化率均在40．0％蛋白质与10．0％脂肪达到最高（P〈0．01）。实验表明,黄颡鱼幼鱼较为适宜的蛋白质和脂肪需要量分别为40．0％和10．0％。     

肌醇对卵形鲳鲹生长、饲料利用和血液指标的影响

配制w（肌醇）为350mg·kg^-1、458mg·kg^-1、507mg·kg^-1、720mg·kg^-1和1050mg·kg^-1的5种饲料，投喂初始质量为（8．30±0．11）g的卵形鲳鲹（Traehinotus ovatus）56d，评估肌醇对卵形鲳鲹生长、饲料利用和血液指标的影响。摄食w（肌醇）为720mg·kg^-1的饲料组的鱼增重率和特定生长率显著高于其他组（P〈0．05），脏体比不受肌醇的影响；458mg·kg^-1、507mg·kg^-1和720mg·kg^-1 3个饲料组的成活率显著高于350mg·kg^-1和1050mg·kg^-1 2个饲料组（P〈0．05）；507mg·kg^-1 饲料组全鱼的水分显著高于720mg·kg^-1 饲料组以外的其他组（P〈0．05），脂肪显著低于720mg·kg^-1饲料组以外的其他组（P〈0．05），粗蛋白无显著差异（P〉0．05）。随着肌醇质量分数的增加，血糖浓度先升高后下降，720mg·kg^-1饲料组血糖浓度最高，显著高于350mg·kg^-1和458mg·kg^-1饲料组（P〈0．05）；507mg·kg^-1饲料组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度显著低于1050mg·kg^-1饲料组以外的其他组（P〈0．05）；添加肌醇能显著降低血液甘油三酯浓度，但对血液总蛋白、尿素氮、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇没有影响。     

Sex-Reversal of Oreochromis aureus by Immersion in Mibolerone,a Synthetic Steroid 1

Mibolerone (MI), a synthetic steroid, was used to sex-reverse undifferentiated Oreochromis aureus fry. Fry were exposed to 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 ppm MI in static-water solutions for five weeks (immersion treatments) or were fed a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI for four weeks in a flow-through system. Following hormone treatment, the fish were grown to over 60 mm total length prior to sex determination using gonadal squash examination. Fish immersed in 1.0, 0.6, or 0.3 ppm MI had average tissue MI concentrations of 14.4, 5.6, and 3.3 ppm, respectively. Immersion in either 1.0 or 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks resulted in an average of 82% males and 18% ovo-testicular fish (inter-sex fish) with no gonadal females being produced. Exposure to 0.3 ppm MI resulted in 78.7% males, 20.7% ovo-testicular fish, and 0.7% gonadal females. Feeding a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI resulted in 85% males, 11% ovo-testicular fish, and 4% gonadal females. Fry growth and survival were negatively correlated with the MI concentration of the immersion treatments. Exposing tilapia fry to static-water solutions of 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks appears to be a feasible method of eliminating the production of functional females. Immersion solutions should be changed at least weekly to maintain an effective hormone concentration.     

Sex-Reversal of Oreochromis aureus by Immersion in Mibolerone,a Synthetic Steroid1

Mibolerone (MI), a synthetic steroid, was used to sex-reverse undifferentiated Oreochromis aureus fry. Fry were exposed to 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 ppm MI in static-water solutions for five weeks (immersion treatments) or were fed a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI for four weeks in a flow-through system. Following hormone treatment, the fish were grown to over 60 mm total length prior to sex determination using gonadal squash examination. Fish immersed in 1.0, 0.6, or 0.3 ppm MI had average tissue MI concentrations of 14.4, 5.6, and 3.3 ppm, respectively. Immersion in either 1.0 or 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks resulted in an average of 82% males and 18% ovo-testicular fish (inter-sex fish) with no gonadal females being produced. Exposure to 0.3 ppm MI resulted in 78.7% males, 20.7% ovo-testicular fish, and 0.7% gonadal females. Feeding a diet containing 1.0 ppm MI resulted in 85% males, 11% ovo-testicular fish, and 4% gonadal females. Fry growth and survival were negatively correlated with the MI concentration of the immersion treatments. Exposing tilapia fry to static-water solutions of 0.6 ppm MI for five weeks appears to be a feasible method of eliminating the production of functional females. Immersion solutions should be changed at least weekly to maintain an effective hormone concentration.