低氧胁迫对大菱鲆血液学指标、肝脏抗氧化能力及鳃组织影响的性别差异

为探究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)对低氧环境的适应性及其在低氧胁迫下的生理反应是否具有性别差异,本研究选取规格相似的雌性[(169.95±13.55) g]和雄性[(170.08±19.02) g]大菱鲆,明确了其临界氧分压(critical oxygen tension,Pcrit)下水中的溶解氧浓度,分析了低氧胁迫和恢复正常溶解氧条件下血液生理生化指标、肝脏抗氧化能力、气体交换率、呼吸频率和鳃组织形态学变化。结果显示,雌雄大菱鲆在Pcrit时溶解氧浓度分别为(3.34±0.23) mg/L和(3.22±0.17) mg/L,无显著性别差异(P>0.05)。低氧胁迫6 h后,雌雄大菱鲆血浆皮质醇(cortisol,COR)浓度，肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和雌性大菱鲆白细胞数目(white blood cell,WBC)均显著升高(P&l...     

斑石鲷低氧耐受能力及血液生理生化指标变化研究

为阐明斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)低氧耐受能力及低氧胁迫过程中血液生理生化指标的变化规律，本研究通过生理学和生态学方法，查明2种规格斑石鲷在临界氧分压(critical oxygen tension, Pcrit)和失去平衡点(loss equilibrium, LOE)时的溶解氧浓度，观察自然耗氧条件下其呼吸行为变化，分析低氧胁迫和恢复溶解氧过程中血液皮质醇和葡萄糖含量、血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb)浓度、红细胞(red blood cell, RBC)和白细胞(white blood cell, WBC)数目、红细胞积压(hematocrit, HCT)变化。结果显示，在水温(23.0±0.5)℃、氨氮浓度<0.5 mg/L、亚硝酸盐浓度0~0.05 mg/L、盐度为30、pH为7.80的条件下，200和50 g斑石鲷的Pcrit值分别为(4.05±0.09)和(3.15±0.12) mg/L，LOE值分别为(1.16±0.08)和(0.93±0.11) mg/L，且50 g斑石鲷到达LOE值的时间(t=480 min)比200 g斑石鲷(t=110 min)更长；自然耗氧过程中，2种规格斑石鲷呼吸频率均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，且均在Pcrit值处显著升高，达到最大值(P<0.05)。低氧胁迫导致血浆葡萄糖和皮质醇含量显著升高，在LOE值处达到最大值(P<0.05)，但50 g斑石鲷的葡萄糖和皮质醇含量上升幅度显著低于200 g斑石鲷(P<0.05)。同时，低氧引起斑石鲷的WBC和RBC数目、Hb浓度和HCT显著升高，50和200 g斑石鲷分别在Pcrit和LOE值处达到最大值(P<0.05)。恢复正常溶解氧24 h后，2种规格斑石鲷均恢复正常呼吸运动，上述生理生化指标均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述，2种规格的斑石鲷相比较，50 g斑石鲷的低氧耐受能力更强，200 g斑石鲷对低氧胁迫的应激反应更敏感，2种规格斑石鲷均可通过增加呼吸频率、提高血液WBC和RBC数、皮质醇、葡萄糖和Hb浓度，增强对溶解氧的吸收利用，应对低氧胁迫导致的生理状态改变，相关结果为斑石鲷高效养殖提供了基础数据。     

不同抗凝剂对黄鳝外周血抗凝效果的比较研究

为探讨黄鳝(Monopterus albus)血液适宜抗凝剂种类和最佳使用浓度,实验比较了6种常用抗凝剂对黄鳝外周血的抗凝效果及DNA质量的影响。结果显示:ACD、EDTA、肝素、草酸钾、草酸盐和柠檬酸钠的最佳抗凝终浓度分别为0.10×、0.50‰、0.016‰、0.63‰、0.025×和8.00‰,以上浓度能有效抑制凝血,且血细胞死亡率最低。最佳抗凝浓度下的短暂处理对血细胞DNA的质量无明显影响,但随着处理时间的延长,抽提获得的DNA含量均出现了不同程度的下降,含有ACD和EDTA的血液中DNA的含量下降最多,其次是草酸盐、草酸钾和柠檬酸钠,而加入了肝素的血液中DNA的稳定性最高,其含量无显著下降。     

许氏平鲉低氧耐受能力及血液学和鳃组织学变化

为探明许氏平鲉低氧耐受能力及低氧胁迫过程中其血液生理生化指标和鳃组织形态结构变化,本研究分析了许氏平鲉临界氧分压(Pcrit)和失去平衡点(LOE)时溶解氧含量,观察了低氧胁迫和恢复溶解氧过程中呼吸行为和呼吸频率的变化,分析了血液生理[红细胞数目(RBC),白细胞数目(WBC),血红蛋白(Hb),红细胞积压(HCT)]、生化[葡萄糖、皮质醇]指标以及鳃组织形态学和鳃组织气体交换率(PAGE)变化。结果显示,在温度18 ℃、盐度30,pH值7.85的条件下,许氏平鲉[(88.01±5.34) g] Pcrit和LOE溶解氧含量分别为(3.96±0.11)和(2.60±0.21) mg/L。随着水体中溶解氧含量下降,血浆皮质醇和葡萄糖分别在LOE和Pcrit达到最高。许氏平鲉血液RBC、Hb和HCT在LOE达到最高。低氧过程中,许氏平鲉呼吸频率和PAGE分别于Pcrit和LOE达到最高,且低氧导致许氏平鲉鳃小片长度(SLL)、间距(ID)、周长显著增加;鳃小片宽度(SLW)则随水中溶解氧含量下降而变窄,在LOE处达到最小值。许氏平鲉鳃小片末端膨大、基质肥大、增生比例在低氧过程中显著增加。恢复正常溶解氧24 h后,上述各项检测指标恢复正常,与对照组无显著差异。实验中对照组各项指标无显著变化。研究表明,许氏平鲉对水体低溶解氧变化反应敏感,低氧应激导致其血液生理生化相关指标和鳃小片形态发生显著改变,恢复正常溶解氧24 h后可以显著缓解低氧胁迫应激。相关结果为研究许氏平鲉低氧耐受生理调控机制和高效健康养殖提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

急性低氧胁迫对青海湖裸鲤血液指标和肝脏氧化应激及糖代谢的影响

为探究青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)血液和肝脏组织对急性低氧胁迫的生理响应,将体质量(25.3±3.4)g的1龄青海湖裸鲤放在透明密封的(长33 cm×宽22 cm×高18 cm)水槽中,每槽22尾。急性低氧处理前,水槽持续充氧,水体溶解氧浓度为(8.1±0.2)mg·L^-1(对照组)。急性低氧胁迫时,终止充氧,用透明塑料薄膜覆盖水槽上方,水槽内水体溶解氧浓度快速下降(试验组)。当半数青海湖裸鲤出现如行动迟缓、反应迟钝、身体失衡等缺氧症状时[约(43±2)min,溶解氧约为(0.46±0.03)mg·L^-1],测定水体溶解氧浓度,同时取样测定青海湖裸鲤血液生理生化指标和肝脏抗氧化及糖代谢相关指标的变化。结果表明,在急性低氧胁迫后,青海湖裸鲤血液生理生化指标均呈现出不同程度的变化趋势。其中Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-和尿素氮(BUN)浓度与胁迫前相比无显著差异(P>0.05),Ca²⁺浓度显著高于胁...     

急性拥挤胁迫对鲤血液中皮质醇及几项生化指标的影响

通过对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)3 h急性拥挤胁迫(密度70g/L)实验,并在胁迫开始前(对照)、胁迫结束后的第0至168 h采样测量几项血液指标。实验结果显示在3 h拥挤胁迫结束之时(0 h),鲤血清皮质醇、血糖和乳酸水平均显著高于胁迫前对照值(P<0.05),而游离脂肪酸水平极显著低于对照值(P<0.01)。之后这些指标继续发生波动,但一段时间后均可恢复至对照水平并保持稳定。实验期间血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平并未出现显著变化(P>0.05)。该结果提示3 h拥挤胁迫可引起鲤体内血清皮质醇水平及部分血液生化指标发生改变,这可能是为了弥补应激期间机体对能量需求的增大。     

三种不同规格大菱鲆血常规分析

通过人工方法结合Pentra 120血细胞分析仪检测三种不同规格大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)重要血液生理指标,以期探讨大菱鲆不同生长阶段血液指标特点。结果显示:350 g组大菱鲆粒细胞绝对值、中间细胞百分比、粒细胞百分比显著高于70 g组(P<0.05);70 g组大菱鲆淋巴细胞百分比显著高于350 g组(P<0.05);血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积与鱼体规格正相关且350 g组与20 g组间红细胞压积差异显著(P<0.05)、血红蛋白含量差异极显著(P<0.01);三种不同规格大菱鲆间血栓细胞系各项指标无显著性差异。由此可知,因大菱鲆红细胞系及白细胞系部分血液指标在不同规格间存在着不同程度的差异,难以得出正常参考范围;血栓细胞系受鱼体规格影响较小,可作为大菱鲆血液常规指标基础参考数据。     

杂交鳢(乌鳢♂×斑鳢♀)及其亲本血液指标的比较分析

本研究采用血细胞分析仪、流式细胞仪和血涂片制作方法,对杂交鳢及其亲本血液指标进行了比较分析。结果显示,杂交鳢(Channa argus♂×C.maculata♀)与其亲本相比,表现出明显杂种优势:在血液红细胞数目、白细胞数目、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容上,杂交鳢都比亲本高,差异显著(P<0.05);在红细胞体积上,杂交鳢均比亲本小,差异显著(P<0.05);杂交鳢及其亲本血液中都含有较少比例的DNA合成期(S期)细胞,但彼此差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

急性温度胁迫对妊娠期许氏平鲉血清皮质醇和血液生理指标的影响

为探究鱼类对温度突变水体的适应性和恢复性,将妊娠期许氏平鲉由正常水温(16℃)直接转入高温(25℃)和低温(7℃)水体,急性胁迫2h后再恢复至16℃,检测恢复期第0、6、12、24、48和72h时妊娠期许氏平鲉血清皮质醇和血液生理指标的变化情况。结果显示,25℃急性胁迫导致2尾鱼发生产仔行为;25℃和7℃急性胁迫后的恢复过程中,血清皮质醇(COR)、血糖(GLU)、球蛋白(GLB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(GPT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(GOT)和白细胞(WBC)水平均显著升高(P<0.05),总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)及甘油三酯(TG)水平显著降低(P<0.05),血清Ca₂₊、Mg₂ 和P水平无显著变化;红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)水平在25℃胁迫后明显上升(P<0.05),而在7℃胁迫后显著下降(P<0.05)。与急性低温胁迫相比,急性高温胁迫对妊娠期许氏平鲉机体生理情况的影响更显著。除COR和无机离子外,多个生理指标在72h后仍未恢复至正常水平。研究表明,急性温度胁迫导致妊娠期许氏平鲉生理状况和代谢水平受到显著影响,甚至发生提前产仔行为。在养殖生产中,对于进入生殖期的雌鱼,应密切监测水温变化,尤其是水温的上升,以减少温度应激导致的妊娠损伤。     

拥挤胁迫后鲫鱼血液皮质醇和溶菌酶水平的变化及对病原的敏感性

分别在拥挤胁迫后第3、10、20、30天对鲫鱼(Carassiusauratus)血液皮质醇水平和血液溶菌酶水平进行了检测,并在每次采集血样后用嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonashydrophila)进行人工感染以评估鱼体抵抗力。结果显示,血液皮质醇水平在胁迫后几天内显著升高(P<0.005),随后虽有所下降,但至第30天高密度组仍保持较高水平(216.32±11.91)ng/mL。实验初期,血液溶菌酶水平小幅升高,但经过长时间的拥挤后,高密度组血液溶菌酶活性受到极大抑制,显著低于同期对照组(P<0.01)。攻毒后的死亡率与胁迫时间成正相关,在最后一次采样期,高密度组死亡率高达58.3%,而同期对照组仅为16.7%,两者具统计学差异(P<0.01)。实验表明,经过拥挤胁迫后,鲫鱼血液皮质醇水平和溶菌酶水平均发生了变化,短期内,两者成正相关,而长期胁迫则表现为负相关。另外,拥挤胁迫也引起了鱼体抵抗力的下降。     

Nova Scotia's bloodworm harvest: Assessment, regulation, and governance

The Nova Scotia commercial blood worm harvest was first regulated in 2002; by 2008 regulations included limited entry, seasons, area closures, minimum legal size, and reporting of daily sales and fishing location. To aid in setting minimum legal size, size of maturity was measured in the two main harvest areas. Biologist-directed and harvester-directed methods for surveying worm densities and sizes on intertidal mud flats were found to be robust. With 16 samples tests of two survey means would detect differences of 0.5 standard deviations (type I error of 0.1). With 16 samples two means separated by 1.3 standard deviations would not be declared the same when they were actually different (type II error of 0.25). Depth of digging affected survey results; the time of air exposure of the mud, the temperature of the mud surface, and the choice of harvester-samplers did not. Mud flats should be managed individually because interchange of worms between flats is probably small. Decision rules of 0.6 and 0.8 legal sized worms/m² have been set for closing a beach and opening a closed beach, respectively. Progress in fishery governance was achieved using the above results and by involving harvesters and a citizens group in decision making.     

Physiological responses, desaturase activity, and fatty acid composition in milkfish (Chanos chanos) under cold acclimation

Physiological responses of milkfish (Chanos chanos) under cold shock and acclimation were investigated. The experimental milkfish, a warm-water teleost, were initially acclimated at 25 °C and then transferred directly to 15 °C; stress responses of this species were monitored for 1 week. Parameters monitored included plasma glucose, lactate, and lipids, as well as stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and fatty acid compositions of hepatic membranes. All parameters showed significant changes in the process of cold acclimation. A hyperglycemic response indicated by a notable and steady increase in plasma glucose levels from 85 mg dl⁻¹ to the highest level of 458.2 mg dl⁻¹ in 24 h was followed by a rapid decline thereafter. The elevation in plasma glucose content under cold shock resulted from gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, indicated by correlated changes in plasma glucose with fructose-1,6-biphosphatase and phosphorylase a activities. Plasma lactate concentrations remarkably increased from 47 mg dl⁻¹ on day 0 to 149.6 and 120.4 mg dl⁻¹ on days 1 and 2, respectively, and then rapidly declined to the same level as the control thereafter. In contrast, plasma lipids increased gradually from 44.8 mg dl⁻¹ to 191 mg dl⁻¹ over the 5-day acclimation period, followed by a declining trend from day 6 on. Furthermore, changes in monounsaturated fatty acids were highly correlated with those of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities in hepatic microsomes of milkfish during cold acclimation. Results indicate that in milkfish subjected to cold stress, plasma hyperglycemic and hyperlactemic responses can be used as acute stress indicators, and plasma lipids can be used as a chronic stress indicator.     

The influence of dietary cation-anion differences on acid-base balance,food intake,growth and nutrient utilisation of juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)

A study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (CAD, Na⁺+K⁺-Cl^–, mEq kg ^–1) on acid-base balance, food consumption and growth of juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Four dietary CAD levels (-100, 100, 500, 700 mEq kg^–1) were established by altering levels of NaHCO₃, CaCl₂ and NH₄Cl in the diets. The group fed the diet of excess anions (CAD: -100 mEq kg^–1) had low food consumption and growth rate. Food consumption and growth increased linearly with an increase in dietary CAD within the range -100 to 700 meq. kg^–1. Blood pH was not significantly influenced by dietary CAD. A quadratic relationship between Na⁺, Cl^– and CAD level in plasma and dietary CAD was found. Body composition of fish and nitrogen/energy utilisation efficiency differed between dietary CAD treatments. The results suggest that dietary CAD influence acid-base regulation and thus the energy costs for maintaining homeostasis. The increased food intake and growth performance of C. gariepinus at higher CAD levels may be related to a reduced maintenance costs for homeostasis.     

Respiratory and hematological response of tench, Tinca tinca (L.) to a short-term cadmium exposure

The effects of 3 h exposure to 96hLC50 of cadmium (4.5 mg dm⁻³) on oxygen consumption rate, and hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, erythrocyte and leukocyte pattern) of juvenile tench were evaluated. Oxygen consumption significantly decreased beginning from 24 h postexposure, and remained reduced until the end of the experiment (96 h postexposure). RBC gradually increased, together with the percentage of juvenile cells in circulation. On the other hand, cadmium induced damage to the red cells – the share of cellular anomalies significantly increased with time postexposure. They included abnormal cell shape, vacuolization, swelling, chromatin disintegration in the nucleus, and nucleus indentation. The exposed fish showed a gradual and significant decrease in WBC without a shift of lymphocyte/neutrophil proportion. No significant changes in thrombocyte count occurred. The results show that short-term exposure to cadmium reduced fish energetic metabolism, and suppressed immune abilities. The symptoms gradually developed after the end of exposure, and no recovery took place until␣96 h.     

饲料中碳水化合物水平对鲈鱼生长、生理状态参数及体组成的影响

以初始体重(34.26±0.37)g的鲈鱼Lateolabrax japonicus为研究对象,进行为期70d的生长实验,探讨饲料中不同的碳水化合物(CHO)水平对其生长、饲料利用、血糖水平和糖酵解酶活力的影响。实验配制6种不同CHO水平(0、6%、12%、18%、24%和30%)的等氮等脂饲料。结果表明,随着饲料中CHO水平的升高,特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,都在12%组达到最大值,并显著高于24%和30%组(P0.05),而肝体比(HSI)和脏体比(VSI)呈显著升高的趋势(P0.05),且在30%组达到最大值。饲料中不同CHO水平对鲈鱼成活率、肥满度、肌糖原和己糖激酶(HK)活力均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲料中不同CHO水平显著提高了鲈鱼粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量(P0.05),降低了灰分含量(P0.05)。饲料干物质的表观消化率(ADC)在各组之间差异显著(P0.05),18%组显著高于其余5组(P0.05),12%组饲料蛋白质的ADC显著高于对照组(P0.05)。血清中葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇含量随着饲料中CHO水平的增加而逐渐上升(P0.05),肝糖原含量先显著升高后趋于平稳(P0.05)。以SGR为评价指标,用二次曲线模型分析得出鲈鱼饲料中CHO的适宜添加量为17.75%。     

盐度驯化下史氏鲟的血液学参数

测定了5个不同盐度梯度(0、10、20、25、28)下分别饲养14d和21d的史氏鲟血液生理学参数。结果表明:在不同的饲养时间下,红细胞总数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血栓细胞总数(PLT)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均随盐度的升高逐渐减少,红细胞平均体积(MCV)、平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)随盐度的升高逐渐增加,平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)无显著变化,红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、白细胞总数(WBC)、淋巴细胞数(LYM)、单核细胞数(MON)、嗜酸性粒细胞数(EOS)、中性粒细胞含量(NEUT)、嗜碱性粒细胞含量(BASO)随盐度的增加先升高后下降。在相同的盐度条件下,红细胞总数(RBC)、血栓细胞总数(PLT)、平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、嗜碱性粒细胞含量(BASO)随养殖天数的增加逐渐下降,其它血液指标随饲养时间的延长逐渐升高。白细胞分类计数(DLC)值显示,在不同的盐度条件下,白细胞中各类细胞比例依次为淋巴细胞(Lym)>单核细胞(Mon)>嗜中性粒细胞(Neut)>嗜碱性粒细胞(Baso)>嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)。通过盐度驯化后血液生理学分析,史氏鲟具有较强的渗透调节能力,经过驯化可以在28的盐水中生存。     

The effects of fish hydrolysate (CPSP) level on Octopus maya (Voss and Solis) diet: Digestive enzyme activity, blood metabolites, and energy balance

As has been demonstrated in previous studies, Octopus maya can be fed on artificial diets. In the present study six different diets were assayed. Five diets were designed to test the effect of percentage of inclusion of fish protein concentrate (CPSP: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and were offered to octopuses as a specifically designed artificial diet. The sixth diet consisted of frozen crab (Callinectes spp) and was used as control diet. Blood metabolites and energy budget of octopuses were evaluated to determine how CPSP levels modulate the digestive capacity and allow retaining energy for growth. Wild animals (316.4 ± 9.8 g) were used in the study. Results showed that CPSP produced a positive specific growth rate (SGR, % day^− 1) with high value in octopuses fed 15% CPSP level. A maximum growth rate of 0.86% day^− 1 was recorded in these animals, a value that is extremely low when compared with the SGR obtained when animals were fed fresh crab (3.7% day^− 1). In general, blood metabolites were affected by diet composition, indicating that some metabolites could reflect the nutritional and/or physiological status of octopus. Preliminary reference values for O. maya fed crab were found for glucose (0.09 ±0.02 mg/ml), lactate (0.004 ± 0.002 mg/ml), cholesterol (0.16 ± 0.02 mg/ml), acylglycerol (0.14 ± 0.01 mg/ml), protein (0.37 ± 0.04 mg/ml), hemocyanin (1.85 ± 0.04 mmol/l), and digestive gland glycogen (1.86 ± 0.3 mg/g). Total energy content can be used as an indicator of tissue metabolic reserves. In the present study, higher energy content in the digestive gland and muscle was observed in octopuses fed crab, followed by animals fed 15% CPSP. Results from the digestive gland indicated that the retained energy derived from glycogen, suggesting that lipids and protein were the main sources of variation linked with energy content. In general, digestive gland proteases activity and trypsin were induced in octopuses fed 15% CPSP. The capacity of O. maya juveniles to adjust their digestive enzymes to different types of food was evidenced. Essential amino acid content (EAA) of the diet was not a limiting factor. When dietary EAA profiles were compared with O. maya EAA profiles, all dietary EAA resulted in a higher concentration than whole body octopus composition. In the present study, all experimental groups ingested between 3300 and 4106 kJ wk^− 1 kg^− 1 without statistical differences among treatments, indicating that experimental diets were as attractive as crab. Differences were recorded in the proportion of absorbed energy (Ab, %) between CPSP-based and crab meat diets, suggesting digestion limitations associated with artificial diets. The present results indicate that the 15% CPSP diet had characteristics that stimulate digestive enzymes and reduce energetic costs associated with its digestion (HiE or SDA), channeling more biomass production than the other experimental diets.     

饲粮蛋白脂肪比对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响

为探讨饲粮不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对圆斑星鲽生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响,以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,配制成蛋白水平为40%、45%、50%,脂肪水平为8%,12%,16%的9组试验饲料(分别表示为P40L8、P40L12、P40L16、P45L8、P45L12、P45L16、P50L8、P50L12、P50L16),每组设3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,经过83 d的饲养试验。结果表明,试鱼成活率不受饲粮中蛋白质和脂肪水平的影响(P>0.05)。增重率、特定生长率和摄食率随脂肪水平的增加而显著降低(P<0.05),P50L8组试鱼增重率较P40L16组高33.63%,特定生长率高31%。饲料效率随蛋白水平的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),P50L8组试鱼饲料效率较P40L8组高24.09%。P50L8组表现出最高的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率及摄食率。胃蛋白酶随蛋白水平的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势。胰蛋白酶以P50L8组最高,显著高于P50L12组6.91%(P<0.05),和其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。胃脂肪酶随饲粮中蛋白水平的提高先降低后升高。肠脂肪酶以P50L8组最高,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试鱼血清中总蛋白含量随饲粮蛋白水平的增加显著升高(P<0.05),P50L8组谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶均高于其他组,但各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。甘油三酯和总胆固醇以P50L8组最低,且显著低于P45L12和P45L16组(P<0.05),与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮脂肪水平增加未引起蛋白质节约作用,饲粮中蛋白质、脂肪、蛋能比和蛋白脂肪比分别为50%、8%、104.31mg/kcal和6.63时,可满足圆斑星鲽的较快生长及其生理需要。     

嗜水气单胞菌对鲫三项血液指标的影响

用嗜水气单胞菌(浓度9×108CFU/mL)感染健康鲫(剂量为0.3mL/尾),4d后观察鲫的发病情况,并对鲫三项血液生化指标进行测定。结果表明:感染鲫表现出典型的嗜水气单胞菌引起的败血症症状,与对照组比较甘油三酯含量极显著下降,总蛋白含量显著下降,而谷丙转氨酶活性极显著升高。     

高盐碱环境下大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、血液生理指标与质构特征研究

盐碱水在世界范围内广泛分布,高碳酸盐碱度、高pH等是盐碱水制约养殖生物生存生长的关键因子。作为潜在的经济养殖对象,大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)已在部分盐碱水域养殖成功,但其对盐碱的适应范围尚不清楚。本文研究了高盐碱环境下大口黑鲈生长性能,测定了大口黑鲈48 h碳酸盐碱度半致死浓度,设置盐水组[SW,盐度为7.50±0.07,碳酸盐碱度为(1.81± 0.12) mmol/L]、碱水组[AW,盐度为0.35±0.02,碳酸盐碱度为(9.96±0.03) mmol/L]和淡水对照组[FW,盐度为0.13±0.01,碳酸盐碱度为(1.82±0.11) mmol/L],对比研究大口黑鲈长期盐碱胁迫下生长指标、血液生理指标、肌肉质构特性指标。结果显示,大口黑鲈48 h碳酸盐碱度半致死浓度为(29.92± 3.90) mmol/L,能够在盐度10以下的水环境中安全存活;经过105 d养殖实验,FW、SW以及AW组存活率和终末体重无显著性差异;3组特定生长率(SGR)表现为波动式变化规律,15~45 d、60~75 d时,SGR持续降低,45~60 d、75~90 d时,SGR持续增高;肥满度FW组最高,SW组最低,AW组居中,但均小于3;在碱度为10 mmol/L的水环境中,24 h内血氨变化表现为先升高后降低,最后趋于稳定,在盐度为7的水环境中,渗透压维持在(319.53±29.51) mOsm/kg,淡水环境下的渗透压维持在(300.00±16.44) mOsm/kg,均保持较好的存活率;盐碱水养殖大口黑鲈在盐水组表现出较好的肌肉硬度[(34.70±4.86) N],碱水组则表现出较好肌肉弹性[(1.06±0.10) mm]。综上所述,大口黑鲈能够适应高盐碱环境,在盐度为7、碱度为10 mmol/L的盐碱水中养殖,并且表现出较好的质构特征。