草鱼幼鱼肌醇营养需要量的研究

以酪蛋白、明胶和鱼粉为蛋白源,配制含肌醇水平分别为0、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg8、00 mg/kg、1 600 mg/kg的7组实验饲料。每组设3个重复,连续投喂体质量(4.78±0.18)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)幼鱼9周,通过测定生长指标、部分血清生化指标和全鱼营养成分来评价饲料肌醇添加水平对草鱼幼鱼的影响。结果表明,饲料中肌醇添加水平≥200 mg/kg使草鱼幼鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率、血清中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量与对照组相比有显著提高(P<0.05),而血清甘油三酯(TG)含量比对照组有显著降低(P<0.05);200 mg/kg和400 mg/kg肌醇添加组草鱼幼鱼饲料系数(FCR)比对照组有显著降低(P<0.05);饲料中添加肌醇对草鱼幼鱼存活率、血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和全鱼营养成分无显著影响(P>0.05)。对WGR、FCR、TC、TG和LDL-C进行折线回归分析得出饲料中肌醇添加水平为166～214 mg/kg对草鱼幼鱼的生长比较适宜。     

肌醇对胭脂鱼生长、体成分和部分血清生化指标的影响

以酪蛋白、明胶和鱼粉为蛋白源配制6组实验饲料,分别在饲料中添加0、75、150、300、600和1 200mg/kg的肌醇,每组设3个重复,连续投喂初始体质量(10.01±0.24)g的胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)幼鱼8周,考察饲料中添加不同水平的肌醇对胭脂鱼幼鱼生长性能、全鱼以及肌肉营养成分和部分血清生化指标的影响,以确定胭脂鱼幼鱼饲料中肌醇的适宜添加量。结果显示:随着饲料中肌醇含量增加,胭脂鱼幼鱼增重率、成活率和特定生长率呈先上升后稳定的趋势,均在300 mg/kg组时达到稳定;饲料肌醇对全鱼体成分无显著性影响,肌肉脂肪含量在300 mg/kg组时显著低于未添加组;饲料中肌醇对血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血清甘油三酯均有显著性影响;饲料中肌醇(150 mg/kg)不足时,血清中谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性显著高于其它实验组。以特定生长率为评价指标,经折线回归分析,饲料中补充310.3 mg/kg的肌醇时,胭脂鱼幼鱼获得最大生长。     

肌醇对大规格吉富罗非鱼生长、体组成和血清指标的影响

采用肌醇水平分别为0 mg·kg–1、100 mg·kg–1、200 mg·kg–1、400 mg·kg–1、800 mg·kg–1和1 600 mg·kg–1饲料的6组等氮等能实验饲料,养殖初始体质量(74.36±5.32)g的吉富罗非鱼(GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)12周,通过测定生长、鱼体成分以及血清指标来综合评价饲料肌醇水平对罗非鱼的影响,以期获得大规格吉富罗非鱼对饲料肌醇的需要量。结果表明,饲料中添加肌醇可显著提高罗非鱼增重率、采食量和饲料系数(P0.05);对增重率与饲料肌醇水平作二次回归分析,得出其需要量为847 mg·kg–1饲料;罗非鱼全鱼、肌肉和肝脏中的粗脂肪含量均随饲料肌醇添加量的增加而降低;添加肌醇对罗非鱼肌肉、肝脏粗蛋白含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。当肌醇水平为800 mg·kg–1和1 600 mg·kg–1饲料时,血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均较对照组显著降低(P0.05);随饲料中肌醇含量的升高,总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量呈现先降低后升高的趋势,而血糖呈现先升高后降低的趋势。综上所述,大规格吉富罗非鱼饲料中肌醇的需要量为847 mg·kg–1饲料,且饲料中添加肌醇有利于降低组织脂肪蓄积,并可改善肝功能。     

饲料中添加生物素对草鱼幼鱼生长、体成分和血清生化指标的影响

在纯化饲料中分别添加生物素0、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.60 mg/kg投喂初始质量为(5.92±0.25)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼8周,研究了不同生物素添加量对草鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料系数、机体营养成分、血清生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,添加生物素提高了草鱼幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率,降低了饲料系数。添加量为0.40 mg/kg时草鱼幼鱼的特定生长率和增重率最大,饲料系数最低,并与对照组存在显著差异(P<0.05);添加不同水平生物素对草鱼幼鱼全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著影响,但添加量为0.40 mg/kg时粗蛋白含量最大。0.10 mg/kg组和0.20 mg/kg组的全鱼灰分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加生物素对血清总蛋白(TP)、血糖(GLU)和总胆固醇(TC)无显著影响,但显著提高了血清甘油三酯(TG)含量,各添加组TG含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),1.60 mg/kg添加组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合本试验结果,草鱼幼鱼饲料中生物素适宜添加量为0.40 mg/kg。     

饲料锌水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、组织积累和抗氧化功能的影响

以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,七水硫酸锌为锌源,在基础饲料中分别添加锌0,50,100,150,200,400mg/kg,制成6种含有不同锌水平的精制饲料(19.95,71.06,118.50,174.00,226.10和411.20mg/kg),投喂初始体重为(62.89±0.51)g的星斑川鲽幼鱼66d,研究饲料锌水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体成分、组织锌积累及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,随着饲料锌水平的增加,星斑川鲽的增重率(WGR)显著升高(P<0.05),在174.00mg/kg锌饲料组达最大值,而锌水平高于174.00mg/kg时,其增重率和特定生长率(SGR)变化不显著(P>0.05),SGR和WGR的变化趋势相同,且SGR的最大值及饲料系数(FCR)的最小值均出现在174.00mg/kg锌饲料组;全鱼营养成分各处理组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),锌添加量为0mg/kg饲料组的肌肉脂肪含量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);411.20mg/kg锌饲料组的全鱼、脊椎骨和肌肉中锌积累量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),当饲料锌水平为118.50～411.20mg/kg时,全鱼、脊椎骨和血清中锌积累量显著高于...     

饲料VC 对草鱼生长、肌肉品质及非特异性免疫的影响

采用维生素C(Vc,以Vc磷酸酯为Vc源)添加量分别为50mg/kg、100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg、300mg/kg饲料的配合饲料,喂养体质量(42.4±5.0)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)60d,以不添加Vc的基础饲料饲喂组为对照,探讨vc对草鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和非特异性免疫的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加Vc能显著提高草鱼增重率,降低饲料系数,当Vc添加量为150～200mg/kg时,草鱼生长性能最佳:随Vc添加量增加,肌肉失水率、肌纤维直径和肌原纤维耐折力呈增加趋势;肌肉胶原蛋白含量和肝脏Vc含量随Vc添加量的增加而增加;Vc添加量为150mg/kg及以上水平时,各实验组草鱼血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性比对照组显著提高(p＜0.05);Vc添加量达到300mg/kg后血清溶菌酶(LSZ)活性比对照组显著提高(P＜0.05);各组间血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性差异不显著(P＜0.05).上述研究表明,饲料中添加Vc能促进草鱼生长,改善肌肉品质,增强非特异性免疫力.适宜的Vc添加量为150mg/kg饲料.     

饲料中添加氯化胆碱对草鱼成鱼生长、脂肪沉积和脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

选用初始体质量为(314.7±9.9)g的草鱼(Ctenophary ngodon idella)240尾,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,分别饲喂氯化胆碱添加量为0%(对照组)、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%(占饲料的质量分数)的4组饲料(粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为28.01%和4.54%),胆碱实测含量分别为1010mg/kg、2516mg/kg、4184mg/kg、5852mg/kg,养殖77d后,考察氯化胆碱对草鱼成鱼生长性能、脂肪沉积及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高鱼体增重率(P0.05)、特定生长率(P0.05),降低饲料系数(P0.05);添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏和全鱼脂肪含量(P0.05);添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱,肌肉脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05);添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05),添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05);在脂肪代谢酶方面,添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高前肠脂肪酶活性(P0.05),添加0.6%氯化胆碱显著提高脂蛋白脂酶活性(P0.05),添加0.4%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著升高肝脂酶和总脂酶活性(P0.05)。综上所述,适量添加胆碱能改善草鱼成鱼生长性能,提高饲料利用率,降低肝胰脏、全鱼和肌肉的脂肪含量,提高脂肪代谢酶活性。建议草鱼实用饲料中氯化胆碱添加量为0.4%～0.6%。     

饲料中添加谷胱甘肽对草鱼组织中谷胱甘肽沉积和抗氧化能力的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)至0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、300 mg/kg、400 mg/kg和500 mg/kg,分别投喂草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)幼鱼8周,草鱼幼鱼体质量(4.09±0.01)g,观察GSH在草鱼组织中沉积以及对草鱼抗氧化功能的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加外源GSH对草鱼生长影响不显著(P＞0.05),实验组肌肉中GSH含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肝脏中GSH含量在GSH添加水平为200 mg/kg时显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肝脏和肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)在GSH添加水平为300 mg/kg组达到最低,显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).添加GSH对血清中GSH和MDA影响不显著(P＞0.05).草鱼肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活力在400 mg/kg组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肌肉中GR活力有增高趋势但差异不显著(P＞0.05);肝脏和肌肉中γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)均高于对照组,分别在300 mg/kg组和200 mg/kg组达到显著水平(P＜0.05);肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)能力不同程度升高,均在200 mg/kg组达到最高,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);血清GSH-PX活力和T-AOC有增高趋势但与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);血清和肝脏中活性氧(ROS)含量分别在400 mg/kg和300 mg/kg组达到最低,显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结果提示,饲料中添加GSH能够促进草鱼肝脏和肌肉中GSH的沉积,提高肝脏及肌肉中GR和γ-GT活力,以及肝脏中GSH-PX和SOD活力与总抗氧化能力,减少肝脏中MDA含量,降低肝脏及血清中ROS含量,因此GSH在水产饲料中具有广泛的应用前景.     

肉碱对草鱼生长性能、体成分和脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加100、200、300和400mg/kg DL-肉碱，饲喂平均体重134.3±12.1g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)8W，以增重率、饲料系数(FCR)，肌肉和肝胰脏中蛋白脂肪含量，肠道脂肪消化酶，肝胰脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)等指标为判据，研究肉碱对草鱼生长性能、体成分和脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明，添加200mg/kg肉碱提高鱼体增重率5.70%(P < 0.05)，降低FCR5.26%(P < 0.05)；添加200～400mg/kg肉碱显著降低了肌肉和肝胰脏中的脂肪含量(P < 0.05)；当肉碱添加量为300mg/kg时，肌肉蛋白含量最高；肉碱对肌肉水分和灰分、肝胰脏的蛋白含量无影响(P > 0.05)；添加200、400mg/kg肉碱显著降低了血清胆固醇含量(P < 0.05)；在脂肪代谢酶活性方面，200mg/kg肉碱组肠道脂肪消化酶和HL活性较对照组提高28.0%、38.6%(P < 0.05)；添加400mg/kg肉碱提高肠道脂肪消化酶、HL及总脂酶活性41.41%、36.26%、10.66%(P < 0.05)，降低FAS活性47.3%(P < 0.05)。综上所述，适量肉碱能改善草鱼生长性能、降低肌肉和肝胰脏脂肪含量及促进脂肪降解。建议草鱼饲料中肉碱添加量为200mg/kg。     

吉富罗非鱼对饲料中泛酸的需要量

选用初始体质量为(79.4±1.6)g吉富罗非鱼270尾,随机分成6组(每组3重复,每重复15尾),养殖于500 L养殖桶中,分别饲喂泛酸含量为0.5、4.8、9.5、18.2、36.3和74.4 mg/kg纯化饲料12周,研究确定其对泛酸的需要量。结果表明,随着饲料泛酸含量增加,吉富罗非鱼增重率、肝脏和肌肉泛酸含量均呈先线性增加后稳定的趋势;肥满度和肝体比呈先增加后降低的趋势,均以4.8 mg/kg组最高。全鱼水分含量先降低后增加,全鱼脂肪含量呈现与水分含量相反的趋势。肝总脂含量显著降低,添加组显著低于未添加组(P0.05)。血清高密度脂蛋白含量随着饲料泛酸含量的增加而显著增加(P0.05)。折线回归分析结果表明,吉富罗非鱼(80~350 g)获得最佳生长时对饲料泛酸需要量为10.5 mg/kg,饲料中12.6和13.5mg/kg泛酸可以分别使肝脏和肌肉泛酸累积量达到最大。     

Effects of Dietary Geniposide on Growth,Flesh Quality,and Lipid Metabolism of Grass Carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary geniposide (GP) on growth performance, flesh quality, and lipid metabolism of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (95.2 ± 0.6 g), fed seven different diets, including a control diet; Eucommia ulmoides (EU)–supplemented diet (20 g/kg); and GP‐supplemented diets containing 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg GP, respectively. Weight gain rate was significantly improved (P < 0.05) and feed conversation ratio was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by supplementation of EU. Grass carp fed 100–800 mg/kg GP‐supplemented diets showed significantly higher total collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen content in muscle than control (P < 0.05). Contents of total collagen and the alkaline‐insoluble collagen content in the skin of grass carp were significantly increased by dietary 600–800 mg/kg GP and EU (P < 0.05). Fish fed diets containing 600–800 mg/kg GP showed significantly lower muscle crude lipid content than the EU, control, and 100–400 mg/kg GP groups (P < 0.05). Fish fed 400–800 mg/kg GP diets had significantly higher muscle fiber density and lower muscle fiber diameter and serum triglyceride level than the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of GP could improve flesh quality, but not growth of grass carp. The supplemental level of GP for improving flesh quality was estimated to be a 400–600 mg/kg diet.     

Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on growth,flesh quality and serum biochemical indices of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

The study was to investigate effects of dietary chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, flesh quality and serum biochemical indices of grass carp (95.1 ± 0.3 g) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed seven different diets, including control diet, Eucommia ulmoides (EU)‐supplemented diet (20 g kg^–1) and CGA‐supplemented diets containing 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg CGA. Contents of collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen in muscle and skin were significantly increased by dietary CGA and EU (p < .05). Total essential amino acids (TEAA) and total amino acids (TAA) in muscle of grass carp fed EU diet or 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg CGA diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet and 100 and 200 mg/kg CGA diet (p < .05). Fish fed 200–800 mg/kg CGA showed significantly lower muscle crude lipid content than EU, control and 100 mg/kg CGA groups (p < .05). Fish fed CGA‐supplemented diets (100–800 mg/kg) had significantly higher muscle fibre density and lower muscle fibre diameter than control group (p < .05). In conclusion, supplementation of CGA improved flesh quality of grass carp, and supplemental level of CGA for improving flesh quality and growth was estimated to be 400 mg/kg diet.     

Juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus) requires dietary myo-inositol for maximal growth

An 8-week growth experiment was conducted to estimate the dietary requirement of myo-inositol (MI) for juvenile hybrid tilapia. MI was supplemented at 0, 150, 250, 350, 450, 600, and 1200 mg/kg diet in the basal diet providing 0, 167, 259, 367, 479, 612, and 1253 mg MI/kg diet. Basal diet without MI but with succinylsulfathiazole to suppress MI synthesis by intestinal bacteria was included for comparison. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (mean initial weight 0.51±0.01 g, n=3). Fish fed ≥367 mg MI/kg diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain, followed by fish fed 259 mg MI/kg diet, and lowest for fish fed the unsupplemented basal diet. Fish fed ≥367 mg MI/kg diet had higher feed efficiency than fish fed the basal diet. Supplementation of dietary inositol did not affect survival of tilapia. The MI concentrations in liver were highest in fish fed the ≥479 mg MI/kg diet, followed by fish fed the 259 and 167 mg MI/kg diets, and lowest in fish fed the basal diet. Hepatic lipid concentrations were higher in fish fed 367 mg MI/kg diet than fish fed ≤259 mg MI/kg diet. Weight gain percentage and MI concentrations in the liver for the different treatments were analyzed by broken-line regression and indicated that the requirement for dietary MI in growing tilapia is about 400 mg/kg diet. Addition of an antibiotic to basal diet did not affect the growth and hepatic inositol concentration of tilapia, suggesting that the intestinal microbial synthesis was not a significant source of inositol for tilapia.     

饲料中添加L-肉碱对吉富罗非鱼生长、肝脏脂肪代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

分别在3组等氮等能的吉富罗非鱼(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus)饲料中添加不同水平的L-肉碱[0(对照组)、150和300 mg/kg],试验选用初始体重为(8.21±0.33)g的幼鱼投喂9周,探讨L-肉碱对吉富罗非鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:添加150或300 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了罗非鱼增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR),显著降低了实验鱼肝体比(HSI)和脏体比(VSI);添加150 mg/kg L-肉碱组WGR和SGR最高,HSI和VSI最低。添加150 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了鱼体肥满度(CF)。饲料系数(FCR)和存活率(SR)在对照组和实验组间无显著差异。添加150或300 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了鱼体肝脏中粗蛋白含量,添加150 mg/kg L-肉碱显著降低了肝脏粗脂肪含量。添加150或300 mg/kg L-肉碱时,血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低,肝脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)、总酯酶(LPL)和脂肪酶(LPS)活性显著上升,肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性显著增加,肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降。添加300 mg/kg L-肉碱显著提高了鱼体肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和溶菌酶(LZM)活性。综上,饲料中添加适量L-肉碱对提高吉富罗非鱼生长性能,促进其脂肪代谢和提高鱼体抗氧化能力有良好效果。基于L-肉碱对罗非鱼增重率和特定生长率的影响,推荐L-肉碱在吉富罗非鱼饲料中的添加量为150 mg/kg。     

Evaluation of the effects induced by dietary diphenyl diselenide on common carp Cyprinus carpio

Several diets employed in aquaculture are enriched with selenium (Se), as it is a fundamental element to aquatic vertebrates. Diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)₂], which is a synthetic organoselenium compound, has been considered a potential antioxidant agent in different experimental models. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary diphenyl diselenide at concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/kg for 60 days and to determine its optimal supplemental level for carp, Cyprinus carpio. Neither growth retardation nor hepatoxicity was induced by the inclusion of diphenyl diselenide at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/kg. In addition, the inclusion of 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide stimulated the weight and length of the carp. The supplementation with 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide did not produce oxidative damage in the tissues, verified by peroxidation lipid and protein carbonyl assays. However, at 5.0 mg/kg, it caused an increase of the lipid peroxidation in the liver, brain, and muscle, and inhibited the cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity. An increase of the hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and non-protein thiols content in all tissues and ascorbic acid in the liver, gills, and brain was verified in carp fed with the diet containing 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide. This diet had advantageous effects for the fish used in experiments. Therefore, this compound could be considered a beneficial dietary supplement for carp nutrition.     

饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用及血清指标的影响

为研究饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用及血清指标的影响,实验配制6种等氮等脂(41%粗蛋白质和8%粗脂肪)的实验饲料,泛酸添加水平分别为0(对照组)、50、100、150、300和600 mg/kg,饲料中实测泛酸水平分别为20.9、69.3、99.0、150.2、304.4和513.6 mg/kg。选用初始体质量为(0.73±0.12)g的凡纳滨对虾720尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复40尾),进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果显示,饲料中不同泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾增重率和特定生长率的影响不显著;对照组凡纳滨对虾成活率显著低于泛酸添加组,然而各泛酸添加组的成活率组间差异不显著。随着泛酸水平从20.9 m.g/kg增加到99.0 mg/kg时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著提高,而随着泛酸水平的进一步增加,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著降低。饲料中泛酸水平对凡纳滨对虾全虾和肌肉主要成分无显著性影响。对照组对虾血清葡萄糖含量显著低于泛酸各添加组,然而泛酸各添加组之间无显著差异;投喂150.2 mg/kg泛酸组血清甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组和513.6 mg/kg;而血清总蛋白和胆固醇含量不受饲料中泛酸水平的影响。随着饲料中泛酸水平由20.9 mg/kg增至150.2 mg/kg,血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著提高,而随着饲料中泛酸水平的进一步增加,血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著降低;饲料中泛酸水平为99.0mg/kg组凡纳滨对虾血清总氧化能力显著高于其他各组;投喂对照组和泛酸水平为69.3mg/kg组的凡纳滨对虾血清丙二醛含量最高,投喂泛酸水平为150.2 mg/kg组血清的丙二醛含量显著低于其他各组。以凡纳滨对虾的饲料效率和蛋白质沉积率为评价指标,通过折线模型分析得到凡纳滨对虾泛酸最适需要量分别为113.40和119.87mg/kg。     

高脂饲料中胆汁酸水平对齐口裂腹鱼肠道组织结构及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

为探索高脂饲料中添加胆汁酸对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道组织结构及几种脂肪代谢酶活性的影响,以360尾初始体质量为(12.74±0.14)g的健康齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为实验对象,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾实验鱼,分别投喂添加了0、75、150和300mg/kg胆汁酸的4种实验饲料,养殖时间为70 d。结果显示,胆汁酸浓度从0增大到75 mg/kg时,齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度显著升高,前肠皱襞宽度显著降低。而当胆汁酸浓度再进一步增大时,实验鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度则升高不明显,其皱襞宽度也降低不显著。未添加胆汁酸的实验组中齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠纹状缘畸形或脱落现象严重,随着胆汁酸添加量的增加,逐渐减少至消失。齐口裂腹鱼肠道中脂肪酶(LPS)及肝胰脏中脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)、肝酯酶(HL)和总酯酶(TL)活性均随胆汁酸添加量的增加而呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势。且LPS、LPL活性均在胆汁酸添加量为300 mg/kg时最强(分别为2881.17 U/g和14.43 U/mg prot);HL、TL活性则在胆汁酸添加量为150 mg/kg时活性最强(分别为43.70和58.03 U/mg prot)。但LPS、LPL、HL和TL活性在150与300mg/kg组均无显著差异。研究表明,在饲料中添加75~150 mg/kg的外源胆汁酸能提高齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼脂肪代谢酶的活性,促进对饲料脂肪的代谢和利用,还能改善齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道结构,保护肠道健康。     

Growth,survival, and fatty acid composition of Indian white shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus indicus</Emphasis> (Milne Edwards) fed diets containing different levels of vitamin E and lipid

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg/kg diet) along with two levels of lipid (9 and 14%) and their interaction on growth performance of Indian white shrimp and consequently to evaluate the fatty acid composition and lipid stability of its muscle tissue during frozen storage. Growth of juvenile Indian white shrimp was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin E and lipid levels. Muscle lipid content of shrimp fed diets with 14% lipid was significantly higher than that of with 9% lipid. Obvious effects of the increase in dietary lipid level on muscle fatty acid composition were significant decrease in proportion of 16:0 and increase in proportion of 20:5n-3. The content of vitamin E concentration in shrimp muscle reflected dietary vitamin E concentration and ranged from 6.68 to 14.8 mg/kg muscle corresponding to two (100 and 300 mg/kg) levels of vitamin E in fish diet, respectively. Subsequently, results showed that by increasing the concentration of vitamin E from 100 to 300 mg/kg in diet, the rate of lipid oxidation in the muscle tissue during frozen storage was reduced and, as a result, caused higher HUFA retention in muscle of shrimp fed diet with high lipid level.