高产玉米新品种登海661的高产特性研究

通过不同玉米品种比较,研究玉米新品种登海661的高产特性,为超高产玉米育种和栽培提供科学依据。结果表明,登海661的穗大、粒重,单株子粒产量高,分别较郑单958和农大108高25%和30%;干物质积累量大,与郑单958和农大108的差异主要表现在花后;叶面积指数高值持续期较长,在生育后期下降速度慢。登海661的株高、穗位高分别较郑单958和农大108低18.53%、22.68%和51.97%、48.03%,穗高系数显著低于郑单958和农大108;穗部及上下两节间较短,抗倒伏,耐密植。     

不同基因型玉米间作抗病稳产生态效应研究

试验以河南主推的玉米为材料,分别在豫东、豫中、豫中南、豫南、豫北各生态区选用大田进行试验,研究不同基因型玉米间作对玉米多种抗病性与产量的影响。结果表明,各生态区玉米间作较单作在南方锈病、褐斑病、弯孢叶斑病方面表现出一定的抗病性。豫东:蠡玉16||浚单22,群体平均抗病率26.02%;豫中南:蠡玉16||浚单22,群体平均抗病率10.29%;豫中:登海602||郑单958,群体平均抗病率28.11%;豫北:登海602||郑单958,群体平均抗病率45.44%;豫南:登海602||郑单958,群体平均抗病率33.29%。两种基因型玉米间作后增产效果不明显。     

普通玉米新品种试验初报

引进11个普通玉米进行试验,结果：登海661、郑单136、登海3622、济单7号比CK增产,登海661综合性状表现较好,可扩大示范种植。     

夏玉米子粒乳线比例与含水量、粒重及营养物质积累的关系

选用先玉335（XY335）、郑单958（ZD958）和登海661（DH661）为试验材料,研究不同品种间玉米子粒乳线比例与子粒含水量、粒重及营养物质积累的关系。结果表明,XY335的乳线下移要快于ZD958和DH661,且其千粒重最大、含水量最低;品种之间可溶性糖和蔗糖含量差异不明显,DH661的淀粉含量显著低于XY335和ZD958;乳线比例与淀粉含量及千粒重呈极显著正相关,与子粒含水量、可溶性糖、蔗糖及蛋白质之间呈显著负相关。     

刈割对不同类型玉米再生分蘖及产量和品质的影响

以饲用玉米品种科多8号（多蘖多穗型）、普通玉米泰玉2号（多蘖单穗型）和郑单958（无蘖单穗型）为试验材料,研究了不同类型玉米在不同生育阶段刈割后再生分蘖的干物质积累产量及其对品质的影响。结果表明：拔节期刈割主茎后饲用玉米品种科多8号单株分蘖数有所增加,泰玉2号和郑单958单株分蘖数均降低;大喇叭口期刈割显著增加了科多8号和泰玉2号的单株分蘖数,降低了郑单958的单株分蘖数。拔节期和大喇叭口期刈割后3个品种分蘖的干物质积累量均表现为科多8号＞泰玉2号＞郑单958,并且3个品种均是大喇叭口期刈割处理＞拔节期刈割处理＞不刈割（对照）。刈割大大提高玉米子粒的粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量,改善了玉米子粒的品质,并且能够增加玉米鲜秸秆的产量,缓解了畜牧业饲料来源不足的问题。     

华南地区不同粒数穴播方式对花生籽仁发育的影响

为探讨不同播种模式与密度对花生籽仁发育过程的动态影响,本试验以花育22号和花育39号为材料,开展了不同种植密度条件下的花生荚果发育动态和产量及其构成因素的变化研究。结果表明,荚果和籽仁鲜质量呈"快—慢"增长的趋势,籽仁干物质积累呈"慢—快—慢"的趋势,籽仁发育前期,不同处理间干物质积累量差异不明显,发育中期单粒精播对花生籽仁干物质积累有明显的促进作用。单粒精播处理籽仁脂肪含量最高,蛋白质含量最低,单株结果数、百果质量、百仁质量和荚果产量均显著高于双粒和三粒穴播。说明华南地区单粒精播种植模式中密度可以明显促进花生荚果和籽仁的发育,提高花生产量。     

冀西北半干旱补灌春玉米超高产源库特征研究

以郑单958和登海601为材料,研究冀西北半干旱补罐区超高产玉米的源库特征。结果表明,登海601玉米生育期长,叶面积和叶面积指数大,叶源和茎鞘的干物质积累量大,源生产能力高;郑单958表现相对登海601较差。登海601的产量达到18 474 kg/hm2,产量构成因子的表现突出,其单位穗数为91 800穗/hm2,穗粒数为528粒/穗,千粒重为384.75 g,粒叶比达到0.23 kg/m2,源库能协调发展。郑单958单位面积穗数高,穗粒数低,群体总粒数偏低,千粒重也低,产量未突破15 000 kg/hm2。     

不同基因型玉米磷素分配及子粒植酸磷积累的研究

对不同基因型玉米磷素分配及子粒植酸磷积累进行研究。结果表明,不同杂交种玉米各营养器官磷素分配与子粒植酸磷浓度及其积累量存在基因型差异,郑单958和浚单20相对植酸磷浓度低,分别为1.57、1.59 g/kg。子粒中植酸磷占总磷的比例平均值为56%,其中,永玉2号最高,约为62%;浚单20和郑单958较低,约为49%。不同基因型玉米各部位磷浓度、积累量与子粒植酸磷浓度完熟期存在相关性,其上部叶、下部叶、苞叶、穗轴、子粒的磷浓度和茎秆、上部叶、下部叶、苞叶、穗轴、子粒的磷积累量与子粒的植酸磷积累量均达显著水平(P0.05)。     

吉林省主栽晚熟及中晚熟玉米杂交种综合评价

对吉林省10个晚熟及中晚熟主栽玉米杂交种进行综合分析与评价。结果表明：所有品种达到国家一级玉米容重标准,商品品质优良。淀粉含量军单8最低,宏育29和农华101次之,这3个品种为淀粉普通型玉米;沈玉21达到国家高淀粉玉米二级,郑单958、先玉335、吉单50、银河32、银河33、先锋32D22为三级,这7个品种可作为高淀粉玉米品种进行推广种植。产量表现为郑单958〉吉单50〉先玉335〉宏育29〉农华101〉银河32〉银河33〉先锋32D22〉沈玉21〉军单8。指出了各品种种植中应该注意的事项,对农民选种有一定指导作用。     

超高产田花生籽仁发育动态初探

为揭示超高产田花生籽仁发育规律,以花育33号为试验材料,初步研究了超高产田花生籽仁百仁质量、出仁率、折干率以及蛋白质和脂肪含量变化。结果表明:超高产田花生单株结果数平均20.3个,单株果质量50.7 g,测产产量11 634 kg/hm~2。籽仁干物质积累呈慢—快—慢的趋势,混合百仁质量快速增长期为播种后86～138 d间,混合百仁质量日增长量的高峰期出现在播种后86～95 d。荚果折干率在播种后86～112 d间增加较快,荚果在收获前也有一个快速脱水的过程。出仁率在播种后112 d之前增加较快,之后增加较慢,收获时可达到最大值72.2%。籽仁蛋白质含量在播种后104 d前积累较快,后期积累速度明显降低,而脂肪含量在籽仁发育中后期积累较快,收获前仍在增加。收获前10 d的荚果日增长量为47.4 kg/hm~2。说明超高产花生适当延迟收获期对籽仁产量提高和脂肪含量提升均有重要意义。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。     

Use of mechanics of cohesive granular media for analysis of hardness and vitreousness of wheat endosperm

The characterisation of the wheat endosperm by mechanical tests of compression highlighted a relation between the rupture energy and the elasticity modulus for different varieties of wheat; this relation allows us to distinguish mealy and vitreous endosperms. An approach based on the micromechanics of cohesive granular materials is used to analyse these experimental results. A geometrical model of the wheat endosperm made of grains linked by cohesive bonds is proposed. We introduced two parameters, the first one α represents the percentage of active bonds (bonds where the stiffness and strength are non-zero), and the second one β represents the threshold of the bond's rupture. The parameter β can be related to the cross-section of the bond. This model successfully describes the mechanical tests on the wheat endosperm. The comparison with the experimental tests makes it possible to clearly differentiate vitreous wheats and mealy wheats and then attribute this property to the parameter β. The model shows the same tendency as regards the evolution of the rupture energy and the elastic modulus with the parameter α. The modelling of endosperm by the mechanics of cohesive granular media provides a new theoretical framework to interpret the rheology of endosperm. This approach allows us to connect this rheology to the mechanical actions at the scale of the granules.