甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种甜单301德育的研究

甜单301为中国农业科学院甜菜研究所能成的甜菜遗传单型多倍体杂交种,在1999－2001年的黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验和生产试验中,原料根平均产量为3979．9－40868．2kg/hm^2,比对照种甜303提高13．74％-167．05％;平均含糖率为16．45－17．16工,与对照种甜研303比提高－0．77－0．35度;原料根产糖量为6545．8－7013．0kg/hm^2,比对照种甜研303提高10．9％-16．42％。甜单301的上述经济指标亦优于目前主栽的甜单二号。甜单301单粒率高、发芽势强、适应性广,适与甜菜育苗移栽和机械化精量点播等集约化栽培技术配套使用,原料生产的保苗密度（收获株数）以72000－78000株/hm^2为宜。甜单301适宜在黑龙江省的友谊、讷河、沦伦、宁安和依安等甜菜产区推广种植。     

甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种甜单303的选育

甜单303是甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种.该品种在2002～2003年的黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验中,16点次的平均块根产量为39877.8kg/hm2,比对照种甜研303和甜单二号平均高12.16%;平均含糖率16.47%,比对照低0.46度;平均理论产糖量为6667.5 kg/hm2,比对照高8.77%.在2003年的黑龙江省甜菜品种生产示范试验中,4个试验点平均块根产量为41273.9 kg/hm2,比对照种甜单二号提高17.88%;平均含糖率16.89%,比对照低0.52度;平均理论产糖量为7135.6 kg/hm2,比对照高14.18%.该品种抗褐斑病性与对照种相仿.2004年初通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名.     

甜菜单粒型三倍体杂交种吉洮单162的选育

吉洮单162是以单粒二倍体雄性不育系JTD-2A为母本,多粒四倍体品系TL1-3为父本,按31∶比例自然杂交而成。该品种在2002～2003年黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验中,平均根产量为40985.55kg/hm2,比对照品种甜研303增产19.38%;含糖16.59%,比对照品种低0.45度;产糖量为6847.28kg/hm2,比对照品种增加16.44%。吉洮单162稳定性好,抗褐斑病,耐根腐病,适宜在黑龙江和吉林省及其它气候、土壤类似地区种植。     

甜菜品种H004引种试验

H004是黑龙江省农垦总局九三农业科学研究所从荷兰安地公司引进的甜菜二倍体单胚杂交种,2011—2013年参加黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验和生产试验,平均根产量分别为57280.0kg/hm2和51183.0kg/hm2,比对照品种甜研309分别增产13.5%和13.3%,平均含糖率为16.9%和16.1%,比对照品种甜研309增加0.4度和0.2度,平均产糖量为9702.2kg/hm2和8200.2kg/hm2,比对照甜研309分别提高16.1%和14.4%。H004抗褐斑病、根腐病,苗期立枯病发病率低,适应性强。适宜在黑龙江省的黑河、哈尔滨、佳木斯、绥化、齐齐哈尔等地区种植。     

丰产优质抗病甜菜新品种ZM202的选育

ZM202是美国BetaSeed公司和中国农业科学院甜菜研究所合作选育的甜菜二倍体多胚雄不育杂交种。该品种丰产性突出,含糖性状优良,抗丛根病,耐根腐病和褐斑病,适应性广,块根品质好。在2005～2006年的黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验中,两年14个试验点次平均根产量44019.2kg/hm2,比对照品种甜研309提高37.2%;平均含糖率16.4%,比对照品种低0.8度;平均产糖量7285.6kg/hm2,比对照品种提高31.7%;对丛根病、根腐病的抗性明显优于对照品种,对褐斑病的抗性与对照品种相当。在2007年的黑龙江省甜菜品种生产试验中,5个试验点ZM202平均根产量45754.2kg/hm2,比对照品种甜研309提高48.7%;平均含糖率17.1%,比对照品种低0.2度;平均产糖量7729.2kg/hm2,比对照品种提高45.2%。该品种适宜在黑龙江省的齐齐哈尔、哈尔滨、大庆、黑河等甜菜产区种植推广。     

甜菜品种ADV0413引种鉴定

ADV0413是黑龙江省九三科研所从荷兰安地公司引进的三倍体多粒杂交种,2004-2006年参加黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验和生产试验,平均根产量分别为45521.6kg／hm^2和52710.8kg／hm^2,比对照品种甜研303增产27.3％和24.4％;平均含糖率均为15.6％,比对照品种甜研303低1.11度和0.57度;平均产糖量分别为7109.2kg／hm^2和8027.9kg／hm^2,比对照甜研303提高18.0％和18.2％。ADV0413抗褐斑病、根腐病,苗期立枯病发病率低,适应性强。适宜在黑龙江省的黑河、嫩江、哈尔滨、佳木斯、牡丹江等地区种植。     

甜菜新品种甜研206的选育

甜研206(原代号95802)是以7个二倍体多粒型有粉系按5：5：4：2：2：2：1比例配制的多系杂交组合，该品种1999—2001年参加黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验和生产试验，平均根产量分别为37622．2kg/hm^2和39430．2kg/hm^2，分别比统一对照品种甜研303提高13．7％和10．9％，平均含糖率为17．30％和17．47％，比统一对照品种甜研303提高0．57度和0．52度，平均产核量为6527．0kg/hm2和6897．6kg／hm^2，比统一对照品种甜研303提高17．4％和14．4％。抗褐斑病性强，平均褐斑病病情为0．62级，比对照品种低0．75级，较耐根腐病和丛根病。适宜在黑龙江省的哈尔滨市郊、讷河、依安、拜泉、友谊、宁安等地区种植。     

甜菜品种H809引种鉴定试验

H809是黑龙江省九三科研所引自荷兰安地公司的二倍体单粒型杂交种。2008年进行鉴定试验,平均块根产量52364.8kg/hm2,比对照甜研309增产28.9%;平均含糖率为17.7%,比对照低0.7度;平均产糖量9268.6 kg/hm2,比对照品种增糖24.0%。2009-2011年,参加黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验和生产试验,平均根产量分别为55987.9 kg/hm2和57260.2 kg/hm2,比对照品种增产13.1%和11.1%;平均含糖率分别为15.9%和17.3%,比对照品种分别高0.1和0.4度;平均产糖量分别为8959.7 kg/hm2和9865.9 kg/hm2,比对照提高13.9%和13.7%。该品种丰产性好、产糖量高、抗褐斑病、根腐病,糖汁纯度高。适宜种植区域:哈尔滨、绥化、佳木斯、齐齐哈尔、黑河等地。     

甜菜多倍体新品种甜研310的选育

甜研310是以四倍体红色胚轴品系甜4N092R为母本,二倍体绿色胚轴品系甜202G为父本,按31∶比例配制而成的多胚三倍体杂交品种,在2003～2004年黑龙江省品种区域试验中,甜研310平均根产量39925.2kg/hm2,比统一对照甜研309增产9.6%;平均含糖率17.68%,高于对照0.07度;平均产糖量7151.7kg/hm2,比对照提高10.3%。多点试验表明,该品种适宜种植地区为黑龙江、内蒙古、新疆等甜菜主产区。2006年2月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。     

甜菜品种奥维特(OVATIO)引种鉴定

由荷兰引进的甜菜多倍体单胚种奥维特(OVATIO)在黑龙江省经过5年试验,2000～2002年参加黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验和生产试验,平均根产量分别为44491.4kg/hm2和45948.1kg/hm2,比对照增产25.6%和32.3%;平均含糖率为16.64%和18.06%,比对照低0.83度和0.63度;平均产糖量为7321.8kg/hm2和8376.6kg/hm2,比对照提高20.1%和28.5%。抗褐斑病、耐根腐病、苗期立枯病发病率低,适应性强。适宜在黑龙江省的黑河、齐齐哈尔、绥化、佳木斯、牡丹江等地区种植。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。     

Use of mechanics of cohesive granular media for analysis of hardness and vitreousness of wheat endosperm

The characterisation of the wheat endosperm by mechanical tests of compression highlighted a relation between the rupture energy and the elasticity modulus for different varieties of wheat; this relation allows us to distinguish mealy and vitreous endosperms. An approach based on the micromechanics of cohesive granular materials is used to analyse these experimental results. A geometrical model of the wheat endosperm made of grains linked by cohesive bonds is proposed. We introduced two parameters, the first one α represents the percentage of active bonds (bonds where the stiffness and strength are non-zero), and the second one β represents the threshold of the bond's rupture. The parameter β can be related to the cross-section of the bond. This model successfully describes the mechanical tests on the wheat endosperm. The comparison with the experimental tests makes it possible to clearly differentiate vitreous wheats and mealy wheats and then attribute this property to the parameter β. The model shows the same tendency as regards the evolution of the rupture energy and the elastic modulus with the parameter α. The modelling of endosperm by the mechanics of cohesive granular media provides a new theoretical framework to interpret the rheology of endosperm. This approach allows us to connect this rheology to the mechanical actions at the scale of the granules.