利用SRAP标记分析东部白松种源的遗传多样性

采用8对SRAP引物对加拿大19个种源的东部白松进行分析,获得97个扩增位点,多态性位点57个,平均多态性水平58.8%;每对引物产生等位基因7～22个,条带分布在100～1 000 bp。19个种源相似系数为71%～95%,根据不同种源的遗传相似系数,利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,遗传相似系数69%为阈值,将19个东部白松种源分为4个群体。4个群的Nei指数为0.1557,Shanonn指数为0.2426,其中平均等位基因数为1.5876,有效等位基因数为1.2603;全部种源的基因多样性平均值为0.1840,群内基因多样性平均值为0.0340,基因分化系数为0.8152,群体间基因流为0.1132。     

运用AFLP技术分析筇竹种群遗传多样性

利用AFLP分子标记技术对筇竹2个种群的遗传多样性进行了分析,筛选出10对多态性和清晰度较高的引物组合,共获得680个AFLP位点,其中多态性位点662个,平均多态性检出率为97.20%,并用PopGen32软件对AFLP多态性数据进行分析,结果表明,供试2个筇竹种群均具有丰富的遗传多样性,多态位点百分率分别为89.86％和91.95％,等位基因数分别为1.898 6和1.919 5,有效等位基因数分别为1.585 0和1.568 3,种群内遗传多样性为0.332 1,种群水平平均Nei’s 遗传多样性为0.394 9,Shannon信息指数为0.575 4,基因流为2.900 9,遗传一致度为0.821 9,遗传距离平均值为0.196 1。并根据遗传距离进行了UPGMA聚类分析。     

白皮松天然群体遗传多样性的等位酶分析

采用8种等位酶对白皮松4个天然群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了研究.在4个群体中共检测到10个基因位点,15个等位基因,其中6个位点为多态位点;群体总体水平多态位点比率P=60%,平均有效基因数A=1.92,平均期望杂合度He=0.106,种群平均遗传距离为0.006 8.南漳白皮松群落平均等位基因数A=1.9,平均有...     

日本落叶松EST-SSR标记开发及二代优树遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记研究选自第1代育种试验林、拟纳入二代育种群体的264株日本落叶松二代优树的遗传变异情况。利用1620条落叶松EST序列进行EST-SSR标记的开发,共发现58条序列中含有67个SSR位点,占全部EST序列的3.58%。获得7个多态性EST-SSR标记,其中5个在朝鲜落叶松、长白落叶松、兴安落叶松和华北落叶松中均可扩增出预期目标片段,且具有多态性,表明这些标记在落叶松属内的通用性良好。利用6个EST-SSR标记和4个gSSR标记对日本落叶松二代优树群体开展遗传多样性分析,每个位点的平均等位基因数为4.6个,有效等位基因平均数为3.1个。群体观察和期望杂合度均值分别为0.5902和0.5702;Nei's基因多样度和Shannon多样性指数分别为0.5691和1.0966;全部单株间遗传相似系数0.1725～0.9667。说明该二代优树群体的遗传多样性较高,具有构建二代育种群体的潜力。     

长阳栓皮栎天然群体遗传多样性的等位酶分析

采用5种等位酶对长阳栓皮栎天然群体的遗传多样性和遗传变异进行了研究。共检测到7个基因位点,15个等位基因,其中5个位点为多态位点;群体多态位点比例P=71.4%,平均等位基因数A=3.2000,平均有效等位基因数AE=1.6090,平均期望杂合度HE=0.3563,观测杂合度HO=0.3625。长阳栓皮栎群体的遗传多样性较高,遗传变异水平较高。     

巨桉种源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分子标记方法对巨桉11个种源80个个体进行了遗传变异的比较分析.通过20个10bp随机引物的扩增,共检测到149个位点,其中89个为多态性标记位点,总的多态位点百分率为59.73%.各个种源多态位点百分率较高,为42.86%～55.89%,多态位点最多的是8号种源,最低的是6号种源.Shannon表型多样度估测值的统计表明,遗传多样性主要存在种源内部.遗传变异在种源间占28.74%,在种源个体间占71.26%.Shannon表型多样度估测值在种源间为0.1720～0.2650,平均为0.2373.8号种源的遗传多样性最高,6号种源的遗传多样性最低;种源间的遗传距离为0.0391～0.1344,平均为0.0817.这些遗传变异为巨桉优良种源的早期选择提供了科学依据.     

短枝木麻黄种子散布模式及子代群体的遗传多样性分析

[目的 ]利用短枝木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia L.)实生人工林群体及其自由落种长成的天然更新群体,开展短枝木麻黄种子散布规律研究,比较天然更新群体(子代群体)与其母本群体以及30年生实生人工林群体的遗传多样性差异,为人工促进木麻黄天然更新提供理论依据。[方法 ]利用木麻黄11个SSR标记位点的遗传分型数据,通过亲本分析软件Cervus 3.0对天然更新群体植株的母本进行确定,分析短枝木麻黄种子散布的距离和模式,并利用遗传多样性参数对这3个群体的遗传多样性进行比较。[结果 ](1)子代和母本群体共367个个体样本在11个SSR位点共检测出137个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数为6～24,平均有效等位基因数为4.95,平均期望杂合度、观测杂合度和多态性信息量分别为0.75、0.77和0.72,所有位点均属于中或高度多态性位点。(2)在80%的置信区间下,利用11个标记位点的分型数据,可为148株子代确定它们的母本,占鉴定子代总数的72.20%;种子的有效散布距离为10～130 m,平均散布距离为71 m,属于短距离传播;天然更新群体的母本主要集中在样地的东北和东部,2个方向的母本对子代的贡献率为75.00%。(3)从3个群体中各选择84株个体的DNA样品进行遗传多样性比较,结果显示:天然更新群体在各个遗传多样性参数上均低于母本群体和实生人工林群体,但其参数表明该群体仍具有较高的遗传多样性。[结论 ]短枝木麻黄种子散布属于短距离传播,天然更新群体可以保持较高的遗传多样性,这为人工促进木麻黄实生林的天然更新提供了理论基础。     

白皮松保育遗传学 --天然群体遗传多样性评价与保护策略

在白皮松天然林中采取分层取样 ,抽取 10个群体 2 10个单株。测定分析 16种酶系统 ,得到 31个酶位点。白皮松物种水平遗传多样性参数为 :平均等位基因数AS=1 74 2 ,平均有效等位基因数AeS=1 4 9,多态位点百分率PS=5 4 8% ,期望杂合度HeS=0 16 2 ;白皮松群体水平遗传多样性参数为 :平均等位基因数AP=1 39± 0 11,平均有效等位基因数AeP=1 30± 0 12 ,多态位点百分率PP=34 85 %± 8 4 6 % ,期望杂合度HeP=0 0 99± 0 0 4 9,观测杂合度HoP =0 0 95± 0 0 4 2。白皮松遗传多样性在松属树种中属于中等偏下 ,群体间分化明显 ,遗传分化系数FST =0 133,群体间遗传距离 D =0 12 8,大于松属平均水平。根据Nei’s遗传一致度将 10个群体分为 3组。白皮松群体遗传多样性中心与资源分布中心和表型多样性分布中心吻合 ,适宜采取中心群体原地保护和多群体异地联合保存相结合的保护策略。     

基于锦绣杜鹃花蕾转录组的SSR标记开发及应用

[目的]探究锦绣杜鹃(Rhododendron pulchrum Planch.) EST-SSR的类型、分布频率和分布特征,开发有效的SSR标记,并验证其在遗传多样性研究和跨物种转移中的应用潜力。[方法]采用RNA-seq技术对锦绣杜鹃‘紫鹤’品种的花蕾进行转录组测序,MISA软件对组装的unigenes内部的SSR位点进行检索,分析其类型、分布频率。利用Primer 3.0软件设计引物,并对锦绣杜鹃群体和其近缘种映山红群体进行多样性检测,利用POPGENE-PC 2.2软件计算等位基因数、有效等位基因数、多态性位点百分率、Shannon’s信息指数、Nei氏多样性指数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度等参数。[结果]锦绣杜鹃‘紫鹤’花蕾转录组共有49 527个unigenes(43 766 249 bp),从中筛选出16 120个SSR位点(24.46%),发生频率为1·(2.7 kb)~(-1)。微卫星的重复次数主要集中在5～24次之间,二核苷酸发生频率最高(9 624个,59.70%),其次是单核苷酸(3 738个,23.19%),频率最低的为五核苷酸(42个,0.26%)。频率最高的重复基序有A/T、AG/CT、AAG/CTT、AGG/CCT、ACC/GGT、AGC/GCT、AAAG/CTTT、AAGAG/CTCTT、AGAGGG/CCCTCT等。选用13个多态性SSR标记对锦绣杜鹃群体进行PCR扩增,共得到71个等位基因,平均每个位点3～9个;有效等位基因数在各SSR位点之间变化范围为1.684～5.930;观察杂合度H_O和期望杂合度H_E的变化范围分别为0.000～1.000和0.433～0.848,平均值分别为0.696±0.426和0.705±0.129;Shannon’s信息指数I和Nei氏多样性指数h的变化范围分别为0.736～1.961和0.406～0.831,平均值分别为1.376±0.339和0.683±0.131。此13个标记在映山红群体中的跨物种扩增成功率为100%,并反映出丰富的遗传多样性。2个群体间的遗传差异93.4%存在于群体内部。[结论]基于AG/CT重复基序开发的13个SSR标记具有高度的多态性,为后续杜鹃花属植物的遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱构建、基因定位、分子标记辅助育种等研究奠定了基础。大别山野生映山红资源具有较高的遗传多样性,且杂合度过剩,遗传变异主要发生在群体内部。     

地涌金莲野生与栽培种群遗传多样性RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对采自滇川两省的12个地涌金莲野生和栽培种群进行遗传多样性分析.选择10条随机引物在12个种群中共扩增出88条带,其中多态性带85条,整个种的多态性位点百分比PPB为96.59%,遗传多样性指数H为0.289 0以及Shannon信息指数I为0.441 6.种群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.568 2,即43.18%的遗传变异来自于种群内,56.82%的遗传变异来自于种群间,种群间的遗传分化水平略高于种群内.种群间遗传一致度变化范围为在0.66～0.95之间.聚类结果显示:野生种群之间遗传距离较近,与地理分布基本相一致;栽培种群遗传距离较远,与地理分布不一致.     

巨桉群体遗传结构分析

用20个l0bp随机引物对巨桉11个种源80个个体进行了群体遗传变异的比较分析。共检测到149个位点,其中89个为多态性标记位点,总的多态位点百分率为59．73％。其种源内多态位点百分率(P)、香农信息指数(SI)及遗传分化指数(DC)值均较高,巨桉各种源内遗传变异性丰富;种源间遗传分化指数百分比(PDC)显示,PDC值介于1．52％～10．42％之间,说明巨桉种源间遗传变异较小,即种源群体的变异主要存在于群体内部。8号、10号种源内具有较高的遗传变异,3号和6号种源内的变异水平较低。这些为巨桉种源的选择提供了有利的遗传基础。     

Genetic diversity of Lithocarpus harlandii populations in three forest communities with different succession stages

By using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, this paper studied the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Lithocarpus harlandii populations in three forest communities (coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest) with different succession stages in Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang Province. The results showed that a total of 173 repetitive loci were produced in 60 individuals of L. harlandii by 12 random primers, among which, 152 loci were polymorphic, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci was 87.86%. The average percentage of polymorphic loci of the populations was 65.32%, and their total genetic diversity estimated by Shannon information index was 0.4529, with an average of 0.3458, while that judged from Nei’s index was 0.3004, with an average of 0.2320. The percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon information index, and Nei’s index of the populations were in the sequence of coniferous forest community > coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community > evergreen broad-leaved forest community. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 72.85% of genetic variance was found within the populations, and 27.15% of genetic variance resided among the populations. The coefficient of gene diferentiation was 0.2277, and the gene flow was 1.6949. The genetic structure of L. harlandii was influenced not only by the biological characteristics of this species, but also by the microenvironment of different communities. The mean of genetic identity among three populations of L. harlandii was 0.8662, and the mean of their genetic distance was 0.1442. The genetic similarity between coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community and evergreen broad-leaved forest community was the highest, while that between evergreen broad-leaved forest community and coniferous forest community was the lowest. The unweighted pair group method with arithmeticmean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that conierous and broad-leaved mixed forest community first gathered with evergreen broad-leaved forest community, and then with coniferous forest community. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(4): 509–514 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

Genetic diversity and differentiation of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) populations

The molecular variation and genetic relationships among five populations of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) in China were assessed using microsatellite technology. Ten microsatellite primers, producing polymorphic bands, were used across 300 samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) was 98.36%; the percentage of polymorphic loci in five populations ranged from high to low in the following order: Cangzhou population, Yantai population, Qinhuangdao population, Dandong population, and Shijiaz...     

Genetic diversity of Quercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolata populations in three forest communities with different succession stages

In order to understand the relationship between population succession and its genetic behavior, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to analyze the genetic diversity of Quercu glandulifera var. brevipetiolata populations in three forest communities with different succession stages (coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest). The results showed that 145 repetitive loci were produced in 60 individuals of Q. glandulifera using 11 primers, among which 120 loci were polymorphic, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci was 82.76% with an average of 64.14%. Estimated by the Shannon information index, the total genetic diversity of the three populations was 0.4747, with an average of 0.3642, while it was 0.3234, with an average of 0.2484, judged from the Nei index. Judged from percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon inform at ion index and Nei index, the genetic diversity followed a decreasing order: coniferous forest > broad-leaved mixed forest > evergreen broad-leaved forest. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 69.73% of the genetic variance existed within populations and 30.27% of the genetic variance existed among populations. The coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) was 0.2319 and the gene flow (N _m) was 1.6539. The mean of genetic identity among populations of Q. glandulifera was 0.8501 and the mean of genetic distance was 0.1626. The genetic identity between the Q. glandulifera population in the coniferous forest and that in the coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest was the highest. UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that the population in the coniferous forest gathered with that in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest firstly, then with that in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The genetic structure of Q. glandulifera was not only characteristic of the biological characteristics of this species, but was also influenced by the microenvironment in different communities. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2008, 23(1): 18–22 [译自: 西北林学院学报]     

七子花种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析

按胸径将浙江省天台山天然七子花划分为大树、中树、小树和幼树 4个大小级种群 ,利用RAPD分子标记技术对 4个大小级种群共 4 5株个体的遗传多样性及遗传分化进行了比较分析 ,结果表明 :通过 12种随机引物扩增共检测到 6 4个可重复的位点 ,4个大小级种群的多态位点百分率高低为大树 >中树 >小树 >幼树。Shannon信息指数估计七子花 4个大小级种群的遗传多样性高低为大树 >中树 >小树 >幼树 ,大小级种群内的遗传变异占总变异的 5 4 4 1% ,大小级种群间的遗传变异占总变异的 4 5 5 9% ,表明不同大小级种群内、大小级种群间个体均存在一定的遗传分化 ,但大小级种群内的遗传分化比大小级种群间高。Nei指数估计的七子花不同大小级种群的基因多样性的高低与Shannon指数估计的一致 ,大小级种群内的遗传分化高于大小级种群间 ,大小级种群间的基因分化系数为 0 3939。不同大小级种群间的遗传相似度以大树与中树最高 ,大树与幼树最低。聚类分析显示大树与中树先聚成一组 ,小树与幼树再聚成一组 ,最后 2组聚在一起     

Genetic diversity and differentiation of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) populations

The molecular variation and genetic relationships among five populations of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) in China were assessed using microsatellite technology. Ten microsatellite primers, producing polymorphic bands, were used across 300 samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) was 98.36%; the percentage of polymorphic loci in five populations ranged from high to low in the following order: Cangzhou population, Yantai population, Qinhuangdao population, Dandong population, and Shijiazhuang population. The results showed that 34.38% of the total genetic variation of the fall webworm (GST) occurs among populations, while most variation (65.62%) exists within populations. Nei’s genetic distances ranged from 0.1386 to 0.3224. Using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), Nei’s genetic distances were analyzed by a clustering technique and the dendrogram shows that population differentiation is closely related to the time and geographic origin of the invasion. The major factors impacting genetic diversity of fall webworm populations are longitude, the plain area ratio, annual precipitation, latitude and time of invasion. The formation of genetic structure is correlated with characteristics of the life history and invasion ecology of the species.     

岛屿地理隔离对山茶种群遗传结构的影响

利用简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)分子标记对分布于我国浙江和山东的8个山茶种群共240个个体进行了遗传结构分析。结果表明:筛选出的20条引物扩增得到210条清晰条带,其中184条为多态性条带,多态位点百分率(PPB)为87.62%。经POPGENE1.32软件分析,山茶种群平均多态位点百分率(PPB)为68.99%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(HE)为0.256 9,Shannon信息指数(H)为0.377 9,种群遗传多样性较高。基因分化系数Gst=0.182 9,表明遗传变异主要存在于种群内个体间。地理距离与遗传距离具有显著相关性(r=0.856 7,P<0.05),岛屿地理隔离对山茶种群的遗传分化具有重要影响。UPGMA聚类表明:浙江5个山茶种群间的遗传相似度较高,山东青岛的植物园种群和五四广场种群可能移植自长门岩岛。我国野生山茶资源受人为破坏严重,建议在加强现有岛屿自然种群就地保护力度的同时,建立山茶种质资源库,促进基因交流。     

Genetic diversity of natural Hepatacodium miconioides populations in Zhejiang Province

Hepatacodium miconioides is the Class II protected plant species in China. This paper studies the genetic diversity and differentiation of its nine natural populations in Zhejiang Province by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Twelve random primers were selected in the amplification, and 164 repetitive loci were produced. The percentage of polymorphic loci in each H. miconioides population ranged from 14.60% to 27.44%, with an average of 20.73%. Among the test populations, Kuochangshan had the highest percentage of polymorphic loci, Simingshan took the second place, and Guanyinping had the lowest percentage. As estimated by Shannon index, the genetic diversity within H. miconioides populations accounted for 27.28% of the total genetic diversity, while that among H. miconioides populations accounted for 72.72%. The genetic differentiation among H. miconioides populations as estimated by Nei index was 0.715,7. This figure was generally consistent with that estimated by Shannon index, i.e., the genetic differentiation among populations was relatively high, but that within populations was relatively low. The gene flow among H. miconioides populations was relatively low (0.198,7), and the genetic similarity ranged from 0.655,7 to 0.811,9, with an average of 0.730,6. The highest genetic distance among populations was 0.422,9, while the lowest was 0.208,3. All the results showed that there was a distinct genetic differentiation among H. miconioides populations. The genetic distance matrix of nine test populations was calculated using this method, and the clustering analysis was made using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The cluster analysis suggested that the nine populations of H. miconioides in Zhejiang Province could be divided into two groups, the eastern Zhejiang group and the western Zhejiang group. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(5): 795–800 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(5): 795–800]     

紫胶虫主要生产种的RAPD分子标记分析

用RAPD技术研究了紫胶虫7种主要生产种12个群体之间的亲缘关系,研究中每个群体使用了24个标本,共有288个个体用于研究.在试用的45种随机引物中,筛选出9种引物用于随机引物扩增,共得到121个清晰稳定的位点,其中118个为多态性位点,多态百分率为97.52%,每条引物检测到的位点数为11～16个,长度为150～3 000 bp.根据扩增结果,用UPGMA法对Nei's遗传距离进行聚类分析,构建分子系统树.7种紫胶虫聚类结果显示:紫胶虫各群体间的遗传距离为0.044 3～0.791 7,其中,种间的遗传平均距离为0.443 0,种内的遗传平均距离为0.170 7.根据聚类分析,讨论了紫胶虫主要生产种的亲缘关系.     

Allozymes Genetic Diversity of Quercus mongolica Fisch in China

INTRODUCTION Analysis of the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of a species can increase the understanding of the historical processes underlying the genetic diversity (Dumolin- Lapegue et al. 1997) and can also provide important basic information for breeding programmes and for the establishment of programmes to conserve genetic resources. Moreover, information on the genetic structure allows for a more representative sample of the species’ gene p…