温湿度控制系统对木材干燥的影响及优化设计

通过对常规蒸汽窑干燥木材过程中影响空气温度、湿度控制稳定性因素的分析,以及对当前国内木材干燥行业所使用的温、湿度控制仪器中控制类型及控制方式的分析,认为采用干、湿球温度计方式;以先进的智能湿度测控仪表、一些逻辑元件及电子电路组成适合于木材干燥工艺的木材干燥温、湿度半自动控制是比较经济实用的。分析了全自动控制的优缺点并对其不足之处提出了一些改进建议。     

基于时延神经网络的木材干燥模型辨识的研究

木材干燥是一个复杂、多变的过程，传统的系统辨识方法很难建立一个理想的木材干燥模型。利用时延神经网络的特点，本文提出了基于时延神经网络的木材干燥模型辨识方法，并给出了辨识网络和结构。对辨识得到模型的仿真结果表明，利用时延神经网络所建立的模型是可靠且有效的。     

基于动态递归神经网络的木材干燥模型辨识

木材干燥是一个复杂的非线性系统 ,由于木材结构复杂且具有多样性和变异性 ,因此要建立一个理想的符合木材干燥过程的模型是很困难。本文利用动态递归神经网络的特点 ,提出了基于动态递归神经网络的木材干燥模型辨识方法 ,给出了动态递归状态 -输出神经网络的结构和学习算法。并通过对辨识得到的模型的仿真结果 ,表明了本文所建立的模型是有效的     

杨木太阳能干燥工艺特性

应用一种带有石蜡储热的新型太阳能干燥室干燥杨木,分析该干燥室的温、湿度变化对木材内外温度差和木材干燥速率的影响,并检测了杨木木材的干燥质量,结果表明:太阳能干燥室的温、湿度呈周期性变化规律,在一个温度变化周期内,干燥速度亦呈周期性.建议在升温段控制干燥速度,在降温段加快干燥速度.     

干燥过程中木材含水率神经网络预测模型

将人工神经网络应用于木材干燥控制研究中,建立可用于木材含水率预测的时延神经网络基准模型,并给出其网络辨识结构。通过3个树种的实际干燥数据对所建立的网络模型进行训练和验证,仿真结果表明预测模型是可行而有效的,具有较好的动态跟踪能力和预报特性,实现了木材干燥基准的数学模型化,对进一步优化木材干燥基准实施与控制具有重要的指导意义和应用价值。     

利用神经网络预测木材径向导热系数

利用神经网络所具有的输入-输出之间的高度非线性映射关系,给出一种利用BP神经网络模型预测木材径向导热系数的方法.为了提高网络模型的泛化能力,采用规则化调整的方法.仿真结果表明:利用文中所提出的神经网络模型能够较准确、快速地预测木材径向导热系数的变化,其精度高于推导出的木材径向导热系数的理论公式.     

基于免疫算法的木材干燥窑PID控制系统

用神经网络方法对木材干燥窑PID控制系统进行系统辨识,并在此基础上用免疫PID算法取代传统PID算法进行PID参数的在线寻优,从而更加准确地控制干燥窑的温度和湿度的过程。仿真结果表明,新的控制系统在稳定性、动态性能等方面都有明显提高。     

木材干燥微机控制系统

木材干燥是决定木制品质量的重要工艺手段。为了提高木制品的产品质量，应该选择经济合理的木材干燥工艺方法。在木材干燥过程中，影响木材干燥质量及成材率的因素很多，如：材种、材型、木材含水率、窑内温、湿度及热风循环速度等。实践表明，目前大量使用的常规及半自动控制的木材干燥方法，很难获得理想的干燥效果，不能满足人们对木材干燥质量的要求。因此，有必要研究新的木材干燥控制方法。全自动木材干燥控制方法是较理想的干燥控制方法，它可对木材干燥全过程进行自动控制，这不但可以降低工人的劳动强度，而且还可以提高产品质量及…     

木材干燥 第2讲 锯材干燥基准的分析和选用

干燥基准是木材人工干燥过程中调节干燥介质温度和湿度变化的程序表，为干燥过程调节的依据。干燥基准是木材干燥工艺的核心，对木材干燥质量的优劣和干燥速度的快慢有决定性的影响。１ 干燥基准的种类 干燥基准的种类主要有含水率基准（含波动和半波动基准）、时间基准和连续升温基准三种。１．１ 含水率基准 根据木材的含水率阶段控制介质的温、湿度参数。这是国内外应用最广泛的基准。通常随着木材含水率的降低，分阶段地升高介质的温度，降低介质的湿度。但干燥硬阔叶树材厚板或方材时，由于板材中心的水分很难向外排除，故周期式地升高…     

木材干燥窑的二级控制管理系统

随着计算机技术的高速发展，木材干燥窑的控制方式也发生了很大的变化。由８０年代初的单窑单控发展到９０年代的群控，由继电器逻辑控制发展到单片机、ＳＴＤ总线控制、计算机控制。笔者在木材干燥窑微机控制系统的持续研制过程中，经历了这些过程。自８０年代末至９０年代初已开发出由ＳＴＤ总线进行控制（ＣＰＵ是Ｚ８０）的“木材干燥窑微机控制系统”，每套系统由控制单窑发展到控制６个窑，实时监控各窑的温、湿度、含水率，在吉林、黑龙江两省推广应用３０余套。在使用中发现，这种木材干燥窑微机控制系统有以下缺点：如果ＳＴＤ总线…     

Mathematical modeling to predict drying deformation and stress due to the differential shrinkage within a tree disk

Although many mathematical models for wood drying have been developed to predict the drying behavior of lumber, there were limited results on drying models dealing with tree disks. This study attempted to try to develop mathematical models to predict the drying stresses and crack formation in a tree disk assumed as a cylindrically orthotropic material with radial variations of properties. The results showed that the drying stress changes nonlinearly with decreasing moisture content (MC) due to mechano-sorptive effects. The higher the orthotropic properties of tree disks are, the larger the drying stress occurs. The developed mathematical model showed that the pattern of cracks such as V-crack or heart check significantly depended on the MC distribution along the radial direction. The model also indicated that a dominant factor controlling the drying behavior of tree disk was the differences in MC between heartwood and sapwood within a tree disk of a given species without any chemical or mechanical treatments. Received 8 September 2000 The authors wish to thank Prof. H.S. Jung, Seoul National University, Korea, for his valuable advice. This work was supported by the grant of Post-Doc. Program, Chonbuk National University in Korea (2000).     

木材热压干燥研究现状与应用前景

文中综述了木材热压干燥理论及试验研究,分析了热压干燥工艺对干燥时间、干燥质量和物理力学性能的影响;为了对木材热压干燥过程进行预测和工艺控制,归纳了木材热压干燥传热传质规律以及数学模型构建与求解的研究现状,也为更好地建立和完善木材热压干燥数学模型与干燥工艺奠定了基础;指出木材热压干燥及传热传质模型研究中存在的主要问题,对完善木材热压干燥机理研究与传热传质数学模型构建提出建议,并对热压干燥在人工林木材中的应用进行了展望,可为人工林木材高效高附加值利用提供参考。     

Liquid water diffusivity of wood from the capillary pressure-moisture relation

This study focuses on liquid water transport in wood above the fiber saturation point in the nonhygroscopic region. The liquid water transport of hygroscopic porous materials including wood is usually described by Darcy’s law. It requires knowledge of capillarity and intrinsic and relative permeabilities. In this study, the capillary pressure-water relation and relative permeability were investigated using experimental data for wood available in the literature. The performance of three models (Brooks-Corey model, van Genuchten model, and Durner’s bimodal pore-size distribution model) was investigated for the capillary pressure-water relation. These models have advantages in that each shape parameter has qualitative physical meaning for the pore-size distribution. Most species had unimodal pore distributions except for aspen, which had a bimodal pore distribution. The van Genuchten model represented the capillary pressure-water relation better than the Brooks-Corey model. Durner’s bimodal model was found to be the most appropriate for the capillary pressure-moisture relation of aspen. The relative permeability was calculated by using Mualem’s model, which was compared with the value from the Couture model. From the results, the liquid water diffusivity divided by intrinsic permeability of wood was estimated. This approach may be promising for adopting the liquid water diffusivity for the numerical simulation of drying and sorption, although there might be considerable variation within and between trees.     

Wood dielectric loss factor prediction with artificial neural networks

An artificial neural network that can predict the dielectric properties of wood was developed and tested with experimental data. The network was capable of accurately predicting the loss factor of two wood species not only as a function of ambient electro-thermal conditions but also as a function of basic wood chemistry. This way, an important predictive tool is created that allows optimization of dielectric heating and drying for many wood species without significant experimentation should their chemical composition be known under variable temperatures, moisture contents and electric filed characteristics.     

小型PLC网络在木材干燥窑控制系统中的应用

论述了基于HostLink网络拓扑的小型PLC网络控制系统应用于多座木材干燥窑的生产线自动监控管理。     

Optimization and simulation of drying processes using diffusion models: application to wood drying using forced air at low temperature

This paper discusses the suitability of four diffusion models to describe the drying of wood. The first model refers to the analytical solution of an infinite slab with boundary condition of the first kind. In the last three models, the boundary condition is of the third kind and the analytical solutions refer to the following geometries: infinite slab, rectangle, and parallelepiped. The analytical solutions were coupled to an optimizer based on inverse method, which enables to calculate process parameters for an experimental data set. Once the process parameters were determined, the drying kinetics of wood was simulated through each model proposed. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the first model does not represent the drying kinetics properly. The last three models adequately describe the drying kinetics, but statistical indicators enable to affirm that the best of them is the three-dimensional model.