杉木人工林材种结构的立地及密度效应研究

采用30年生未间伐的杉木人工林连续观测数据,研究了不同林龄立地质量、林分密度对林分材种结构的影响。结果表明:初植密度相同时,立地质量越好各材种出现时间及达到最大出材率的时间越早,22立地指数初植密度1 667株·hm^-2的小径材最大出材率出现时间较16立地指数初植密度1 667株·hm^-2早4 a,中径材最大出材率出现的时间早6 a;立地指数相同时,随初植密度增加小径材出材率的峰度及峰值均减小,20立地指数样地中,初植密度为1 667株·hm^-2的小径材出材率峰值较初植密度为10 000株·hm^-2的高17%,而初植密度对中径材、大径材影响不大;在林分发展的不同时期,林分密度对材种出材率的影响不同,30年生时林分蓄积相近的但初植密度不同的样地,初植密度越大小径材出材率越高,大径材出材率越低。     

辽西半干旱地区刺槐树干液流变化规律的研究

利用热扩散式树干茎流仪于2010年5～10月对辽宁北票市刺槐树干液流进行连续观测。结果表明：刺槐边材液流速率日变化呈单峰曲线,8月液流速率最高,液流高峰维持时间6.5 h左右,曲线呈宽峰型。6月份液流速率居中,但液流高峰维持的时间较长7 h左右,曲线为宽峰型。10月液流速率最低,液流高峰维持时间最短4 h左右,曲线为窄峰型;刺槐平均液流速率8月〉6月〉7月〉9月〉10月;立地条件对刺槐树干液流影响较大,平均液流速率为缓坡〉谷底〉陡坡,单株日平均耗水量为谷底〉缓坡〉陡坡。径阶对液流速率影响不显著,但对耗水量有显著影响,总体上呈现出径阶越大耗水量越高的趋势。     

南方型和北方型美洲黑杨幼苗光合作用的日季节变化

在自然条件下,采用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统研究了南方型和北方型美洲黑杨在5、7、9月的光合日变化。结果表明:南方型美洲黑杨在5月和9月的净光合速率日变化为单峰曲线,峰值分别为15.79、14.13 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,在7月为双峰曲线,最高峰值为22.03 μmol·m^-2·s^-1;北方型美洲黑杨在5、7、9月的净光合速率日变化一直为双峰曲线,最高峰值分别为13.46、18.08、12.91 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。南方型美洲黑杨仅在生长旺盛的7月存在光合"午休"现象;北方型美洲黑杨在整个生长季均存在光合"午休"现象;南北方型美洲黑杨净光合速率季节变化特点为:夏季(7月)>春季(5月)>秋季(9月);10月份,南方型美洲黑杨净光合速率达到12.70 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,北方型美洲黑杨已落叶。分别对南方型和北方型美洲黑杨5、7、9月的光合有效辐射、气温、空气相对湿度、空气CO₂浓度与净光合速率进行逐步多元回归、偏相关及通径分析,影响净光合速率的主要生态因子是光合有效辐射。     

穿透雨减少对辽西北沙地樟子松树干液流的影响

为探究减少穿透雨情况下樟子松树干液流速率的变化及其与环境因子的关系,采用热扩散式液流探针,对辽西北樟子松人工林的树干液流速率以及林内多个环境因子进行同步连续监测,分减少穿透雨样地(人工截留穿透雨30%)和正常降水样地(对照),测定2018年生长季(4—10月)樟子松树干液流速率,对不同天气情况下樟子松树干液流速率的日变化、夜间变化以及月变化进行分析讨论。结果表明：1)经过长期穿透雨减少处理后樟子松树干液流速率显著高于对照组,不同天气情况下白天和夜间的差异幅度均为：晴天>雨天>阴天。2)经过降水后,减雨处理的樟子松树干液流启动时间早于对照组,而对照组樟子松日树干液流平均速率经过降水后增长幅度高于减雨组。3)樟子松树干液流速率在生长季内先升高后降低,夏季高于春季和秋季。4)减雨样地与对照样地樟子松的树干液流速率均受气象因子的影响较大,与空气温度和光合有效辐射呈显著的正相关,与空气湿度呈负相关关系。降水减少增加了沙地樟子松的树干液流速率,这对未来人工林的管理提供了参考。     

生长季水曲柳树干液流密度的特征

应用热扩散技术测定帽儿山不同径级水曲柳样木生长季的树干液流,初步分析和对比优势木、中等木和被压木树干液流密度的特征及季节变化趋势。结果表明,水曲柳树干液流密度变化具有明显的昼夜节律性,中等木液流密度变化呈单峰曲线,被压木液流密度变化曲线近似梯形,优势木液流密度变化呈弧形曲线,水曲柳中等木液流密度明显大于被压木和优势木。不同天气条件下液流密度日变化规律大不相同,阴雨天液流密度值较小且变化曲线十分不规则,波动性较大,甚至出现多峰曲线。生长季,优势木和被压木日液流通量最大值均出现在7月初至8月耒,分剐为1032．481／（m^2·d）和l063．78I／（m^2·d）;中等木液流通量最大值出现在6月初至6月末,为2260．911／（m^2·d）;优势木和被压木日液流通量最小值出现在9月份,中等木日液流通量最小值出现在生长季未期。,随季节推移,生长季各月份液流密度均值基本逐渐减小,进入生长季末期（10月）基本处于微弱渡动状态。水曲柳优势木和被压木6月份和9月份液流密度平均值均小于中等木,7月份和8月份液流密度月平均值非常接近;中等木液流密度平均值6月份最大,优势木和被压木的液流密度最大月均值出现在7月份,     

间作绿豆对核桃苗光合特性及根系导水力的作用

[目的]为研究间作绿豆对核桃苗根系生长、根系水分运输和光合特性的影响,[方法]采用砂培方法,在温室内将1年生核桃嫁接苗和绿豆进行间作。[结果]显示:间作绿豆增加了土壤全氮含量(0.014%0.021%),不添加氮素间作绿豆,核桃苗根系总表面积、根系总长度、根系直径和根系总体积均显著增加,而正常供应氮素间作绿豆,核桃苗根系生长降低。核桃苗根系单位面积的导水率与土壤氮素含量显著相关,添加氮素与否间作绿豆后,根系单位面积导水率分别升高0.102×10^-5 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1和0.057 ×10^-5 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1;而不添加氮素间作绿豆整株根系导水率增加0.043 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1,正常供应氮素间作绿豆后,核桃苗整株根系导水率反而降低0.034 mL·cm^-1·min^-1·MPa^-1;核桃苗气孔导度对各处理响应和根系整株导水力有相同趋势,不添加氮素间作绿豆核桃光合能力升高至对照水平,光饱和点达1 567.17 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,最大净光合速率达12.84 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率降低;而正常供应氮素间作绿豆核桃苗光合能力降低。[结论]间作绿豆改善了核桃苗的生长环境,有益于增加核桃苗的根系吸收面积、水分运输以及光合代谢;但在氮素充足的土壤中,间作绿豆非但无益于核桃苗,反而降低核桃苗的水分供应,影响其气体交换和光合能力。     

非生长季刺槐林土壤CH4通量的变化特征及其影响因子

[目的]探讨在非生长季不同天气条件下45年生刺槐林土壤CH₄通量的日变化和季节变化特征,并确定其主要影响因子.[方法]2014年10月-2015年4月(非生长季),在华北低山丘陵区黄河小浪底森林生态系统定位研究站,利用基于离轴积分腔输出光谱技术的土壤CH₄通量自动观测系统,对土壤CH₄通量进行连续观测,同步观测林内大气温度和相对湿度、5 cm深处土壤温度和土壤湿度、林内总辐射以及降雨量,分析各因子间的相互关系并确定影响土壤CH₄通量的主要因子.[结果]表明:(1)在非生长季,刺槐人工林土壤为大气CH₄重要的汇,变化范围为-0.15~-2.34 nmol·m^-2·s^-1 .晴天的林地土壤吸收CH₄能力 (-0.78 nmol·m^-2·s^-1) 明显高于阴天(-0.61 nmol·m^-2·s^-1)、降雨或降雪天气 (-0.58 nmol·m^-2·s^-1),而且呈"V"型日际变化特征;在2014年11月-2015年1月,土壤吸收CH₄能力逐渐下降,并维持相对较低的水平,直至2015年3月达到最大值 (-2.34 nmol·m^-2·s^-1);(2)土壤CH₄通量与大气温度、5 cm深处土壤温度呈显著负相关,与相对湿度呈正相关;在2015年1月,土壤CH₄通量与总辐射呈正相关;(3)在生长末期土壤上冻阶段和冬季土壤冻结阶段,大气温度和相对湿度为影响土壤CH₄通量的主要因子;而在生长季初期,主要的影响因子为大气温度和5 cm深处土壤温度.[结论]非生长季刺槐林土壤表现为大气CH₄的汇,在非生长季初期土壤吸收CH₄的能力最弱,主要受大气温度和相对湿度的影响,而在非生长季末期土壤吸收CH₄的能力逐渐增加,主要受大气温度和土壤温度的影响.     

甘肃兴隆山主要森林类型凋落物累积量及其影响因子

[目的]为了阐明森林凋落物累积量与主要影响因子的关系。[方法]2013-2014年,采用时空互代法和标准样地调查法,研究了兴隆山山杨-白桦-青杄林演替过程中山杨-白桦-青杄中龄林、青杄中龄林和青杄近熟林3种森林群落凋落物累积量及其主要影响因子。[结果]表明:1)随森林正向演替的进行,森林凋落物层厚度和总累积量先减小后增加,3种森林群落凋落物层厚度均值依次为5.26、5.03和5.59 cm,总累积量均值依次为57.08、51.44、56.34 t·hm^-2; 2)随海拔高度的升高,青杄近熟林凋落物总累积量不断增加,海拔2300、2400和2500 m均值依次为48.56、55.93和64.55 t·hm^-2;林分密度大的、坡度小的青杄中龄林凋落物总累积量较大,林分密度为2133、1705和1065株·hm^-2的均值依次为49.87、48.59和45.36 t·hm^-2,坡度为22°、32°和41°的均值依次为58.35、49.90和48.59 t·hm^-2; 3)凋落物未分解层与林分胸径、树高、针叶树密度呈显著相关性。[结论]森林凋落物累积量影响因子较多,其大小是众多因子共同作用的结果。在林分和立地因子中,海拔影响较为明显,随海拔高度的升高而不断增加;林分密度、坡度等因子均有影响,但作用不明显;林分胸径、树高、针叶树密度与未分解层累积量呈显著负相关性,而与已分解层呈显著正相关性。     

侧柏树干边材液流的空间变化规律及其相关因子

利用树干边材液流探针(TDP)和微型自动气象站对北京西山地区侧柏人工林树干秋季不同高度、不同方位、不同径阶边材液流及相关环境因子日周期变化动态进行连续观测,对环境因子与边材液流速率的相关性进行分析.结果表明:同一立木,树干上位边材液流启动早,上升快,到达峰值后随即急剧下降;树干下位边材液流启动时间明显推迟,且上升和下降缓慢;二者之间最大液流速率相差2倍以上.树干不同方位边材液流速率日变化进程有差异,其中南侧树干边材液流速率很低,北侧、西侧和东侧3个方位液流速率较高,边材液流速率与测定部位的边材宽度和冠幅关系不明确.单株树干边材液流速率与树干冠幅、树干直径和边材面积相关不显著,但液流通量随直径的增大而增大,不同径阶单木液流通量波动规律不尽相同.侧柏林分内部环境因子日周期变化规律明显,边材液流速率与主要环境因子相关显著,其中边材液流速率与空气湿度呈负相关,各径阶表现出相同的趋势;边材液流速率与太阳辐射强度和空气温度之间存在极显著的相关性,胸径大的立木呈正相关,胸径小的单株呈负相关;风速对边材液流速率有较大影响;20～40cm土壤层温度对树木耗水有显著的影响,大径阶立木表现为负相关,小径阶立木表现为正相关.以太阳辐射强度、气温、空气湿度、风速、不同层次土温等环境因子作自变量,以边材液流速率作因变量,经过逐步回归,建立侧柏边材液流速率与环境因子的多元线性模型,回归方程极显著.     

华北沙地小黑杨林生物量及其与树冠关系的研究

应用相对生长法和典型样方调查法对华北沙地不同密度、不同年龄的小黑杨人工林生物量和生产力进行了估算,同时对树冠与生物量的关系进行了研究。结果表明:密度为1 000株· hm^-2、500株· hm^-2、250株· hm^-2的小黑杨林分(27年生)的生物量分别为85.31 t·hm^-2、102.60 t·hm^-2、86.74 t·hm^-2;生产力分别为3.16 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.80 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.21 t·hm^-2·a^-1,密度500株· hm^-2为华北沙地小黑杨的合理密度。不同密度小黑杨不同器官生物量所占的比例差异不明显,地上部分生物量在83% - 86%之间,其中干57% - 62%,枝11% - 16%,叶2% - 3%,皮8% - 10%;地下部分生物量在14% - 17%之间。对不同年龄小黑杨的生物量和生产力研究表明,27年生的比23年生的分别高59.74%和36.20%。同时,23年生小黑杨的根、叶所占比例明显高于27年生的根、叶比例,但是干生物量所占比例低于27年生小黑杨,反映了23年生小黑杨的生物量和生产力处在快速生长期,小黑杨的轮伐期应在27年以后。小黑杨生物量与树冠之间存在极显著的相关关系,其中树干生物量与树冠指数之间可以用线性模型y=ax+b描述,利用遥感技术可以反映小黑杨林树干生物量,为进一步利用遥感预测小黑杨木材材性提供了重要的基础数据。     

红花尔基沙地樟子松天然林枯立木特征分析

[目的]了解沙地樟子松天然纯林中枯立木的数量及空间结构特征,探究枯立木形成的原因,为樟子松林的保护和经营提供依据。[方法]在沙地樟子松天然纯林中设置2块1 hm~2的大样地,用全站仪对样地中所有胸径大于5 cm的立木进行定位并进行全面调查;对调查样地的基本特征,枯立木的数量特征及径级分布进行了分析,提出了用于表达林分中枯立木微环境的活立木比的概念,并采用林分空间结构参数一元分布和二元分布分析方法,对枯立木与其最近4株相邻木的关系进行分析。[结果]2块不同密度的樟子松天然纯林下更新幼苗和枯立木数量相差较大,密度较小(样地1)的样地更新幼苗和枯立木较少,而密度较大的样地(样地2)中枯立木达到200棵,林下更新幼苗数量达到15 280株·hm~(-2);樟子松天然纯林样地内枯立木主要以小径级木为主,胸径集中在11 cm以下;样地1枯立木径级连续分布,幅度较窄;样地2中的枯立木径级幅度较宽,但在20 22 cm缺刻,有2株大于23 cm的枯立木;2块样地中枯立木的分布格局均为随机分布,样地1中枯立木周围的4株相邻立木大多为活立木,且胸径较枯立木大;样地2中,只有一半的枯立木周围的最近4株立木为活立木,且有三分之一以上的枯立木胸径不是最小的,枯立木有连续分布的现象。2块样地中枯立木的角尺度-大小比数二元分布特征的差异不明显,而角尺度-活立木比二元分布特征和大小比数-活立木比二元分布特征差异明显,样地1中枯立木的最近4株随机分布于其周围的相邻木为活立木且胸径大于枯立木的比例明显高于样地2,而枯立木最近4株随机分布于其周围的相邻木有枯立木的比例明显小于样地2。[结论]樟子松天然纯林枯立木以小径级林木为主,枯立木的数量与林分密度相关,林木竞争是林木死亡的主要原因,密度过大也会产生病虫害,因此,对天然樟子松纯林要进行适度经营,保持合理密度。     

沙地樟子松天然纯林的结构特征

[目的]为了解红花尔基地区沙地樟子松天然纯林的结构特征,指导沙地樟子松的保护与经营。[方法]在红花尔基地区设置2块100 m×100 m的樟子松天然纯林固定样地,利用样地内每木定位调查数据和分析统计软件进行一元分布及二元分布特征分析。[结果](1)樟子松天然林纯林直径分布为单峰或多峰山状分布,垂直结构简单,只有乔木层和草本层。(2)樟子松天然纯林的林木分布格局为均匀分布,接近随机分布,林木分布格局类型与林分密度无关;林分中樟子松个体竞争激烈,多数单元中林木呈较密集状态。(3)2块样地中随机分布状态下的林木多数为中等密集或比较密集,不同分布状态下的林木优劣性差异较小;低密度樟子松天然纯林中多数密集状态的林木为绝对优势木或优势木,而高密度林分中林木密集度分布与林木大小无关。[结论]红花尔基沙地樟子松天然林结构不合理,应选择病腐木及聚集分布的个体作为潜在调整对象,进行密度调整和结构优化。     

我国樟子松人工林天然更新研究进展

樟子松人工林天然更新问题的研究一直在进行,但人工林内幼苗数量过少及难以发育为幼树的问题一直难以彻底解决。文中综述了影响我国沙地樟子松人工林天然更新能力的因素,如光照、温度、水分、土壤环境、生物因子及人工营林技术等的研究概况。在研究过程中发现,樟子松人工林的遗传多样性与土壤微生物对樟子松人工林天然更新影响方面的研究尚少有报道,或可以为解决樟子松人工林天然更新问题提供更深入的思路。     

Comparative study on drought resistance ofLarix olgensis Henry andPinus sylvestris var.mongolica (I)

Water potential (ϕ w) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) ofLarix olgensis andPinus. sylvestris var.mongolica decreased with the decrease of soil water content. ϕ w and Pn ofL. olgensis changed hardly during the first 9 days after stopping watering, then decreased sharply at the 10th day Pn ofP. sylvestris varmongolica decreased slightly during the first 8 days, then decreased sharply at the 9th day. Their respiration rate, chlorophyll content and their a/b ratio changed hardly. The following 3 conclusions were obtained and discussed exhaustively. (1) ϕ w can be used to direct watering as a sensitive index of judging whetherL. olgensis andP. sylvestris var.mongolica lacking water. (2) The decrease of Pn ofL. olgensis andP. sylvestris var.mongolica when drought had nothing to do with chlorophyll. (3)P. sylvestris var.mongolica had morphological drought resistance, while Lolgensis had physiological drought resistance, and their drought resistance was discussed comparatively first time.     

Characteristics of soil water consumption of typical shrubs (Caragana microphylla) and trees (Pinus sylvestris) in the Horqin Sandy Land area, China

Reforestation is one of the most effective ways to reduce the impacts of desertification. Caragana microphylla Lam. and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litrin have been widely used to stabilize shifting sands in the Horqin sandy land area since the 1980s. However, soil water depletion has been of major concern in C. microphylla and P. ongolica plantations and in many places current soil moisture cannot meet the demand of growing plants. To determine the water budget of C. microphylla and P. mongolica plantations, we studied the effect of plantations on soil moisture and assessed the evapotranspiration in plantations of both species. Investigations were conducted at a fenced plot at Wulanaodu (42°29′N, 119°30′E, 479 m a. s. l), located at the western edge of the Horqin Sandy Land area in Inner Mongolia, northern China. Five year old C. microphylla and seven year old P. mongolica plants were selected from the plantations and transplanted to iron boxes (400 cm×200 cm×120 cm) which can drain extra water. Plant spacing of 1 m×1 m was applied to P. mongolica, and two plant spacings of 1 m×1 m and 1 m×2 m to C. microphylla. The transplanted plants grew for two years in the boxes. Soil moisture from soil surface to a depth 80 cm were measured at 20 cm intervals in boxes every 10 d (2004) or 3 d (2005) during the growing season with a TDR water meter. The evapotranspiration was estimated from a mathematical formula and the characteristics of soil water consumption and evapotranspiration of these two plantations were analyzed. The soil water of P. mongolica was more than that of C. microphylla at the same 1 m×1m spacing. The soil water of C. microphylla with the 1 m×2 m spacing was more than that of the 1 m×1 m spacing. The evapotranspiration ranged from high to low as follows: C. microphylla (1 m×1 m), C. microphylla (1 m×2 m) and P. mongolica (1 m×1 m) during the growing seasons. The evapotranspiration of individual plants ranging from high to low was C. microphylla (1 m×2 m), C. microphylla (1 m×1 m), and P. mongolica (1 m×1 m) during the growing season. C. microphylla grown for five year consumed more water than P. mongolica grown for seven years at the same spacing. __________ Translated from Acta Ecological Sinica, 2008, 28(5): 1981–1990 [译自: 生态学报]     

Intraspecific geographic variation and primary selection on the best provenance ofPinus sylvestris var.mongolica

This paper summarizes the result from the provenance test of eight years oldPinus sylvestris var.mongolica in Liangshui Natural Reserve comprehensively. The main contents include:(l) the geographic variation of the growth characters ofPinus sylvestris var. mongolica, tends to negative change gradually at latitude and has obvious climatic nature, (2) no significant difference exists in the morphological adaptability and resistant characteristics and so on; (3)on the basis of the geographic variation study on the growth characteristics, the provenances ofPinus sylvestris var.mongolica were classified into two geographic populations and two subpopulations as follows: the northern population of the Daxing’an Mountain (I) and the southern population of the Daxing’an Mountain as well as the Xiaoxing’an Mountain (II), which includes Honghuarji subpopulation (II -1) and Kalunshan subpopulation (II-2). (4) the height growth rhythm was analyzed according to the divided population and subpopulation; (5) the best provenance was selected for the Liangshui Natural Reserve and its neighborhood according to the results from SSR test of the growth characteristics (the breast height diameter and height of eight year old trees), the possibility of the early provenance selection was also verified by the method of order correlation analysis on the height growth of three, five, seven and eight years old provenances.     

Comparison of foliar nutrient concentrations between natural and artificial forests of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land, China

In order to examine the causes of degradation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations on sandy land, the foliar concentrations of N, P, K and C were analyzed and compared between the field grown P. sylvestris var. mongolica trees from two provenances （natural forests and plantations）. The results indicated that natural tree needles had lower N, P and C concentrations, and higher K concentrations than those of plantation tree needles. For plantation tree needles, ratios of N： P, P. K and N： K increased with tree age before 45 years old; but they were not clear for the natural tree needles. Compared with the conclusions reported on Pinus spp., we found that the foliar N and P concentrations were in the optimal range for both natural and plantation tree needles. This result suggested that N or P might not be the absolute limit factors in plant nutrient for P sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land. However, foliar K concentrations in both natural and plantation tree needles were much lower than those reported on Pinus spp. （〉4.80 g kg-1）.The N： P ratio of natural needles was in the adequate ranges, but N： P ratio of plantation needles was out of the adequate ranges. These results indicated that there was a better balanced nutrition status in the natural forest than in the plantations. If only considering the foliar nutrient concentrations of P sylvestris var. mongolica from different provenances, it might be concluded that the degradation phenomenon of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was not induced by nutrition deficiency of absolute nutrients of N and P, but might be induced by other mineral nutrients or by the effectiveness of N and P nutrients. The unbalanced nutrition status and relatively quick decomposition of needles in the plantations might also contribute to the degradation.     

Investigation of change in tangential strain on the inner bark of the stem and root ofBetula platyphylla var.japonica andAcer mono during sap season

Although it is well known that sap exudation during early spring in temperate deciduous trees occurs in response to daytime warming and nighttime cooling, the mechanisms of the process are not yet fully understood. Previous theories suggested that changes in stress in the wood caused by daytime heating and nighttime cooling might be linked with sap flow. Consequently, a study of itaya-kaede maple (Aver mono) and shirakamba birch (Betula platyphylla var.japonica) looked at tangential strains. One-hour intervals for 3 years of the tangential strains on the inner bark of stem and root were measured in itaya-kaede maple and shirakamba birch during the sap exudation season. The measurements indicated different mechanisms of sap exudation in these two trees. During the sap exudation season in late March, when the temperature fluctuated around 0°C, the tangential strain in the root of itaya-kaede maple showed expansion in the daytime and contraction at night. Conversely, in early April the tangential strain in the root of shirakamba birch exhibited contraction in the daytime and expansion at night. The changes in tangential strains in itaya-kaede maple were attributed to conditioning, a known concept used to explain the uptake mechanism of soil water in maple and its exudation during early spring. However, because the change in tangential strain in the roots of shirakamba birch was similar to that found during the rampant season, sap exudation was not attributed to conditioning but to the plentiful supply of water from the roots. The implications of these mechanisms are that different sap harvesting techniques may be appropriate for different tree species.     

泥炭、风化煤改良风沙土促进樟子松幼苗生长的研究

利用盆栽试验,研究施入不同比例的泥炭、风化煤对风沙土的改良作用及其促进樟子松幼苗生长的效果,并初步分析了两种有机物料的作用机理。试验结果表明,泥炭和风化煤都显著地改良了风沙土的理化性质,随着施入量的增加,两者对风沙土的影响都表现出土壤pH值下降、持水量增加、养分含量提高,且泥炭的效果普遍比风化煤的效果要好;两者均促进了樟子松幼苗生长。不同含量的泥炭对促进樟子松幼苗生长(苗高、地径、根长、生物量)的效果表现为8%>10%>5%>2%>0。不同含量的风化煤对高生长的影响依次是5%>8%>10%>2%>0,对地径生长的影响依次为5%>8%>2%>10%>0,对生物量的影响依次为5%>2%>8%>10%>0。总的来看,泥炭的效果比风化煤好。结合樟子松在沙地中的生长特性,推断泥炭和风化煤中含有微量抑制樟子松生长的物质,并提出8%的泥炭与风沙土之比是促进沙地樟子松幼苗生长的最佳配比。     

干旱胁迫下沙地赤松等松科植物种子萌发特性

[目的]以北方干旱区常用的3种松科植物沙地赤松、樟子松和青海云杉为研究对象,分析其种子萌发特性及对干旱胁迫的响应。沙地赤松为辽宁省固沙研究所于2014年筛选审定的新品种,目前在辽宁省生长状况良好,尚未有过其抗旱能力的相关研究。青海共和是高寒沙区,将沙地赤松与青海省常见的两种松科植物青海云杉和樟子松进行对比,以期为沙地赤松在青海引种试种提供参考。[方法]采用不同浓度PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫的方法进行种子萌发试验,利用模糊隶属函数对干旱胁迫下3种松科植物的种子相对发芽率、相对胚根长、相对胚芽长、萌发胁迫指数、萌发抗旱指数和萌发活力指数等6项指标进行综合评价。[结果]低浓度的PEG-6000溶液对3种松科植物种子萌发和胚根生长发育均有促进作用;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,3种松科植物的发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、活力指数、萌发胁迫指数、萌发抗旱指数均呈先上升后下降的趋势;种子萌发期耐水分胁迫能力为沙地赤松樟子松青海云杉。[结论]沙地赤松比樟子松和青海云杉的抗旱性强,适宜在青海引种试种。