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土壤微生物对森林生态系统的养分循环利用起着重要作用,其多样性的变化对土壤结构、土壤有机质转换、土壤肥力、土壤碳截获和植物健康等方面有重要影响,而外界干扰与环境因素又影响土壤微生物多样性。利用烘干法、凯氏定氮法和钼锑抗比色法等获得相应林地土壤容重、全氮、全磷、pH和有机质,通过平板培养法获取微生物区系组成等数据,采用SPSS19.0软件应用多元线性回归分析小兴安岭林区地带性植被阔叶红松林下土壤理化性质与微生物群落结构的变化关系,引入外界干扰与环境因子,构建出适合于不同立地条件和不同林型下的土壤微生物群落分析模型,该模型可根据具体林型立地条件及气候因素对模型进行参数修正,可对森林的不同生长发育阶段的微生物群落动态变化研究提供新思路。 相似文献
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森林作为陆地生态系统的核心主体,具有维持生态系统平衡、保持水土、涵养水源等重要生态功能 。植被类型是 影响土壤团聚体形成和微生物特性的重要因子,研究森林植被类型对提高陆地生态系统生产力、丰富生物多样性及缓解全 球变暖等方面具有重要意义 。森林植被和土壤微生物及土壤团聚体的相互影响及交互作用,均对森林生态系统产生了 重 要影响 。本研究重点阐述了森林植被对土壤团聚体形成及稳定性、微生物生物量、微生物群落结构及功能等方面研究进 展,并提出未来森林生态系统的土壤团聚体与微生物方面的研究重点,以期为森林生态系统的植被恢复和可持续健康发展 研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《四川林业科技》2021,(3)
火后生态恢复是21世纪恢复生态学的重要研究内容,土壤微生物作为森林生态系统的关键组成部分,开展火干扰下土壤微生物的研究是非常有必要的。本文通过综合分析现有文献对火后森林土壤微生物的研究结果,发现不同火强度和维持时间下土壤微生物活性、群落组成变化及影响火干扰强度的主要因素是已有研究的主要内容,在火后土壤微生物群落的恢复时间、多样性变化、演替规律等问题上尚存在争论,对火干扰下的土壤微生物研究的重要性也尚未得到足够重视。未来研究应在综合应用现有微生物研究技术并继续改进创新的基础上,采用野外调查和田间模拟控制实验相结合的手段,分别从种群、群落和生态系统等多个层次上开展火干扰下的森林土壤微生物研究,解析地下与地上生态系统的相互关系,探究土壤微生物在火干扰下的变化规律和演替机制,丰富火生态学理论;确定火后土壤微生物恢复中的功能类群,分析功能类群在火后恢复过程中的作用,比较分析不同恢复方式下土壤微生物的变化规律,以指导火后生态系统的恢复实践。 相似文献
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氮磷沉降对森林土壤生化特性影响研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
人类活动引起的氮磷沉降给土壤带来严重影响。外源性氮可以直接增加土壤全氮和碱解氮的含量,提高土壤磷的有效性,减少全磷含量;外源性磷可以促进树木对土壤氮的吸收,可能造成土壤全氮含量下降。外源性氮对微生物群落存在促进、抑制和没有影响3种情况。外源性磷通常可增加微生物生物量,改变原有的森林微生物群落组成;氮沉降可以提高、降低或无影响土壤酶的活性。氮磷沉降对不同土壤酶种类的影响效果各异。氮沉降的影响也与土壤深度及酶的种类有关。对磷沉降影响土壤酶的研究甚少。未来氮磷沉降的研究热点包括热带氮磷沉降、土壤氮磷比和氮磷沉降交互作用对土壤的影响,不同地形、森林类型、林龄条件下氮磷沉降的对比分析,生态系统中缓冲氮磷沉降作用的关键因子及全球气候变化下氮磷沉降对土壤的影响。 相似文献
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森林土壤微生物群落作为分解者、共生体或病原体,在调节生物地球化学循环方面起到关键作用。土壤细菌能够释放土壤无机物、矿石或有机质中的营养元素,在森林生态系统的养分循环中起着重要作用。该研究以扬州市茱萸湾风景区内6种不同植被类型的城市森林作为研究对象,对不同植被类型下土壤细菌群落结构及多样性指数进行比较研究。结果表明,水杉林土壤细菌的物种总数、菌群丰度和复杂度最高,其次是竹林和山茱萸林。水杉林的土壤细菌群落的均匀度最高,其次是竹林和杂阔林。山茱萸林独有的土壤细菌的OTUs数目最多,与其他森林群落土壤细菌的OTUs分布差异较大;在门分类水平上,该地区相对丰度平均值大于1%的优势菌门有11个。 相似文献
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Vegetation recovery is a key measure to improve ecosystems in the Loess Plateau in China. To understand the evolution of soil
microorganisms in forest plantations in the hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, the soil microbial biomass, microbial respiration
and physical and chemical properties of the soil of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations were studied. In this study, eight forest soils of different age classes were used to study the evolution of
soil microbial biomass, while a farmland and a native forest community of Platycladus orientalis L. were chosen as controls. By measuring soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient, and physical and chemical properties,
it can be concluded that soil quality was improved steadily after planting. Soil microbial biomass of C, N and P (SMBC, SMBN
and SMBP) increased significantly after 10 to 15 years of afforestation and vegetation recovery. A relatively stable state
of soil microbial biomass was maintained in near-mature or mature plantations. There was an increase of soil microbial biomass
appearing at the end of the mature stage. After 50 years of afforestation and vegetation recovery, compared with those in
farmland, the soil microbial biomass of C, N and P increased by 213%, 201% and 83% respectively, but only accounting for 51%,
55% and 61% of the increase in P. orientalis forest. Microbial soil respiration was enhanced in the early stages, and then weakened in the later stage after restoration,
which was different from the change of soil organic carbon. The metabolic quotient (qCO2) was significantly higher in the soils of the P. orientalis forest than that in farmland at the early restoration stage and then decreased rapidly. After 25 years of afforestation and
vegetation recovery, qCO2 in soils of the R. pseudoacacia forest was lower than that in the farmland soil, and reached a minimum after 50 years, which was close to that of the P. orientalis forest. A significant relationship was found among soil microbial biomass, qCO2 and physical and chemical properties and restoration duration. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to artificially
improve the ecological environment and soil quality in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau; a long time, even more than 100
years, is needed to reach the climax of the present natural forest.
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Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(3): 909–917 [译自: 生态学报] 相似文献
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杉木是我国主要造林树种之一,具有生长快、产量高、材质好的优点。土壤微生物与杉木林地土壤理化性质、土壤肥力以及植物根系之间有密切的关联。文中概述了不同林分条件下杉木林地土壤微生物的群落特征及其与土壤质量之间的响应机制,尤其是与植物根系共生关系方面的研究进展,以期为实现杉木林质量的精准提升提供理论参考。天然林和阔叶林较杉木人工林有更丰富的微生物群落,在杉木林生长发育过程中,中龄阶段各微生物指标最低。杉木林土壤微生物群落组成、生物量和活性等均与土壤酸碱性、通气状况、养分含量等存在密切的响应关系。杉木林菌根真菌主要属于球囊霉属,国内对杉木林下菌根真菌的研究仍处于初级阶段。未来土壤微生物的研究热点包括土壤微生物的时空演变规律、土壤微生物在提升土壤肥力上的机理和途径、菌根真菌在土壤养分高效利用中的机制等。 相似文献
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Effects of different vegetation restoration models on soil microbial biomass in eroded hilly Loess Plateau, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vegetation restoration is a key measure to improve the eco-environment in Loess Plateau, China. In order to find the effect
of soil microbial biomass under different vegetation restoration models in this region, six trial sites located in Zhifanggou
watershed were selected in this study. Results showed that soil microbial biomass, microbial respiration and physical and
chemical properties increased apparently. After 30 years of vegetation restoration, soil microbial biomass C, N, P (SMBC,
SMBN, SMBP) and microbial respiration, increased by 109.01%–144.22%, 34.17%–117.09%, 31.79%–79.94% and 26.78%–87.59% respectively,
as compared with the farmland. However, metabolic quotient declined dramatically by 57.45%–77.49%. Effects of different models
of vegetation restoration are different on improving the properties of soil. In general, mixed stands of Pinus tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa and Robinia pseudoacacia-A. fruticosa had the most remarkable effect, followed by R. pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinkii, fallow land and P. tabulaeformis was the lowest. Restoration of mixed forest had greater effective than pure forest in eroded Hilly Loess Plateau. The significant
relationships were observed among SMBC, SMBP, microbial respiration, and physical and chemical properties of soil. It was
concluded that microbial biomass can be used as indicators of soil quality.
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Translated from Journal of Natural Resources, 2007, 22(1): 20–27 [译自: 自然资源学报] 相似文献
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麻疯树是公认的生物燃料植物之一,也是一种具有修复土壤重金属污染潜力的物种。近年来,基于麻疯树速生和各器官含有毒物质,麻疯树对土壤产生的影响越来越受到关注。文中综述了麻疯树对土壤物理性状、化学性状、微生物数量、微生物群落组成及土壤酶活性变化的影响,展望了未来的研究方向。研究表明,在不同种植条件下麻疯树引起土壤水分含量、pH值、主要养分含量及微生物多样性变化的趋势不同,麻疯树对土壤性状影响的研究存在一定局限性。建议深入研究麻疯树种植及其凋落物对土壤性状的影响,以期为麻疯树种植与调控提供科学参考。 相似文献
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森林土壤养分空间异质性研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
森林土壤养分的空间异质性直接关系着林地生产力、生态恢复的方向与途径,是植物群落空间格局形成的重要影响因素,对生态系统的演替有重要作用,因此近年来有关土壤养分空间异质性的研究成为国内外研究的热点。文中就海拔高度、土层深度、坡向、植被类型等环境因素对森林土壤养分空间异质性的影响进行了综述,指出目前该研究领域存在的主要问题是结合多种环境因子对土壤进行季节动态变化的研究比较缺乏,基于林分或更大尺度下对森林生态系统土壤空间异质性的形成机制、土壤空间变异规律同人为干扰、物种空间分布格局等关系的研究应该得到更多重视,并提出今后研究的方向。 相似文献
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文章以辽宁大石桥市官屯镇大岭村滑石矿为例,分析了滑石矿未损毁和已损毁前后的土壤养分和物理性质变化情况,分析结果表明,土地损毁后所剥离的表土堆场的土壤化学养分较之未损毁前明显下降,土壤物理性质变差。因此,在土地复垦中可通过施用有机肥和复合肥改善土壤的物理性质和养分状况,借以提高植被恢复的成活率和保存率。 相似文献
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Ye Tian Kikuo Haibara Hiroto Toda Fangjun Ding Yanhui Liu Dongsu Choi 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(4):205-214
Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has
been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of
soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships
with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered
poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total
N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO2). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial
biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing
soil pH, while qCO2 showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity
following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research
is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted
microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects,
introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate
restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region. 相似文献
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有机物覆盖作为一种修复城市森林土壤生态环境的重要措施,在城市森林土壤保育和近自然化管理中发挥着至关重要的作用。文中以长期困扰城市管理的园林废弃有机物为研究对象,阐述有机物覆盖在城市林地土壤水分、温度、容重、孔隙度等物理性质,土壤pH值、有机质含量、氮磷钾含量等化学性质,土壤酶活性、微生物数量等生物学特性,以及有机碳矿化、抑制杂草等生态功能方面的修复作用;分析有机物覆盖的不同深度土层土壤生态环境的变化规律,总结城市森林土壤修复效果与有机覆盖物生物学特性之间的内在联系;并对有机物覆盖过程中易忽视的问题进行讨论,提出有机覆盖物选择与调适的研究思路,以期为今后园林废弃有机物修复城市森林土壤的深入研究提供理论参考。 相似文献