基于体细胞组织培养的甘蓝型油菜核三系保持系绵7MB-1亲本繁殖与F_1制种(英文)

[Objective] The aim was to study the reproduction of the three-line genic male sterile (GMS) line parent Mian 7MB-1 (B.Napus L.) and the seed production of F1 through somatic tissue culture. [Method] Through hybridization, a new breeding material Mian 7MB-1 in three-line genic temporary maintainer line propagated by tissue culture was used to improve the sterile plant rate of rapeseed in dual-purpose recessive GMS line, such as Mian 7AB type, S45AB type, and etc. And then the variety comparative test was performed. [Result] In order to avoid some fertility restoration phenomena occurring during the process of self-reproduction, Mian 7AB was propagated in bulk with somatic tissue culture of temporary maintainer line plant stem. The propagated temporary maintainer line seedlings were applied to the breeding and seed production of net room male sterile line parent, promoting the sterile plant rate of the male sterile line parent to 91.7%-93.5%. The male sterile line parents per hectare were enough for the seed production of hybrid F1 in 7 500-15 000 hm2. [Conclusion] Compared with the original dual-purpose GMS line, the seed production ultilizing male sterile line with high sterile plant rate greatly reduced the labor, significantly improved the seed yield, ensuring the seed quality and forming a perfect breeding and seed production system.     

新育成反向核不育水稻FHS开花习性观察(英文)

[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 and the mutant FHS with special fertility that was isolated from their offspring. Some characteristics such as flowering habit and stigma exsertion rate of FHS were observed in this experiment. [Result] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had an obvious peak flowering stage from 10:00 to 10:30, while the second peak flowering was from August 5 to August 10. Compared with PA64S, FHS flowered early and its flowering time was concentrated, showing that it is for seed propagation. The stigma exsertion rate of FHS was 85.8% and low exsertion rate was good for the purity of seed. [Conclusion] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had good value in use, besides, it could also be used as comparison material for studying fertility alternation mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.     

QTL consistency for agronomic traits across three generations and potential applications in popcorn

Favorable agronomic traits are important to improve productivity of popcorn. In this study, a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population consisting of 258 lines was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for nine agronomic traits(plant height, ear height, top height(plant height subtracted ear height), top height/plant height, number of leaves above the top ear, leaf area, stalk diameter, number of tassel branches and the length of tassel) under three environments. Meta-analysis was conducted then to integrate QTLs identified across three generations(RIL, F2:3 and BC2F2) developed from the same crosses. In total, 179 QTLs and 36 meta-QTLs(m QTL) were identified. The percentage of phenotypic variation(R2) explained by any single QTL varied from 3.86 to 28.4%, and 24 QTLs with contributions over 15%. Nine common QTLs located in the same or similar chromosome regions were detected across three generations. Five meta-QTLs were identified including QTLs in three independent studies. Seven important m QTLs were composed of 11–26 QTLs for 4–7 traits, respectively. Only 11 m QTLs were commonly identified in the same or similar chromosome regions across agronomic traits, popping characteristics(popping fold, popping volume and popping rate) and grain yield components(ear weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 100-grain weight, ear length, kernel number per row, ear diameter, row number per ear and kernel ratio) by meta-QTL analysis. In conclusion, we identified a list of QTLs, some of which with much higher contributions to agronomic traits should be valuable for further study in improving both popping characteristics and grain yield components in popcorn.     

QTL Analysis of Major Agronomic Traits in Soybean

Soybean is a main crop, and most agronomic traits of soybean are quantitative; therefore, there is vely important studying and applying value to locating these traits. A F2：10 RIL population containing 154 lines, derived from the cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent, were used in this experiment. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 164 SSR primers, which were screened with the two parents and amplified on the 154 lines. 12 agronomic traits different between the two parents were investigated, and QTLs of all the traits were analyzed using the software Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0. The agronomic traits included quality traits： protein content, oil content, and content of protein and oil; yield traits： pods per plant, seed weight per plant, and 100 seeds weight; and other agronomic traits： plant height, days to maturity, branches, nod number in main stem, average leaf length, and average leaf width. The results showed that 68 QTLs in total were found for the 12 agronomic traits. The number of QTLs per trait varied from 3 for the average leaf width to 11 for 100 seeds weight and plant height, and was 5.8 on average. Good accordance was seen in many QTLs between the results of this study and the results obtained by other similar studies; therefore, these QTLs may be valuable for molecular marker assistant selection in soybean. In this study, 68 major QTLs of 12 important traits of soybean were analyzed.     

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Traits in Japonica Rice

Quantitative trait loci（QTLs） of grain traits were detected to provide theoretical basis for fine mapping and molecular marker-assisted breeding of grain traits in japonica rice.Using an F2 population including 200 individuals derived from a cross combination between two japonica rice DL115 with large grain and XL005 with small grain,the grain length,grain width,grain thickness,ratio of grain length to width and 1 000-grain weight were evaluated in Beijing;and the quantitative trait loci for above five grain traits were identified by composite interval mapping using SSR markers.The results showed that the five grain traits exhibited a normal continuous distribution in F2 population,indicating they were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.A total of 16 QTLs conferring the five grain traits were detected on chromosomes 2,3,5 and 12,respectively.Eight QTLs,namely qGL3a,qGW2,qGW5,qGT2,qRLW2,qRLW3,qGWT2 and qGWT3,were major QTLs and explained 15.42,40.89,13.54,33.43,13.82,13.61,12.51 and 10.1% of the observed phenotypic variance,respectively.Among them,qGW2,qGT2,qRLW2 and qGWT2 were mapped in same interval RM12776-RM324 on chromosome 2.The marker interval RM12776-RM324 on chromosome 2 was common marker intervals of four major QTLs,and the two SSR markers RM12776 and RM324 would be used in molecular markerassisted breeding in japonica rice.The modes of gene action were mainly additive and partial dominance.Four QTLs＇ alleles were derived from small grain parent XL005,and other 12 QTLs＇ alleles were derived from large grain parent DL115.The alleles from larger parent were showed significant effects to grain length,grain width,grain thickness and 1 000-grain weight.     

三个水稻联乙烯还原酶基因突变体的比较研究

 【Objective】 The present study was aimed at investigating the differences of mutant phenotypes resulting from different mutations in base sequence of rice divinyl reductase gene OsDVR (Os03g22780), and evaluating application potential of this gene in rice breeding as a leaf color marker gene. 【Method】The yellow-green leaf mutants isolated from Indica rice variety G46B and japonica rice variety Nipponbare via ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to screen the mutants accumulating divinyl chlorophyll. Then genetic analysis, gene mapping and allelism test of the target mutants were performed. Subsequently, DNA sequencing of OsDVR gene in these mutants and alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of homologous DVR proteins were conducted, and leaf photosynthetic pigments, plant phenotypes and main agronomic traits of the mutants were investigated. 【Result】590ys and 525ys, two novel mutants accumulating divinyl chlorophyll, were obtained by screening 53 yellow-green leaf mutants isolated from ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. Their mutant phenotypes were all controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear gene and moreover, the mutant genes were all mapped on the chromosomal region harbouring the 824ys mutant gene reported. Furthermore, allelism test confirmed that the mutant genes of 590ys and 525ys were allelic to that of 824ys. So 590ys, 525ys and 824ys mutants were all OsDVR mutants. However, mutational sites of OsDVR mutant gene and their encoded protein product in the three mutants were different, which resulted in extremely significant differences of chlorophyll contents and compositions, plant phenotypes, main agronomic traits and yields per plant among the three mutants. Among them, 525ys mutant had slight yellow leaves, and its growth and development, main agronomic traits and yield per plant were affected relatively less, indicating that 525ys mutant gene can basically meet the requirements as a leaf color marker gene introduced into rice male sterile lines. 【Conclusion】Different mutations in base sequence of OsDVR gene could result in extremely significant differences of mutant phenotype and yield per plant. The OsDVR mutant gene could be applicable in hybrid rice breeding as a leaf color marker gene.     

Studies on Breeding and Application of Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line 402S in Brassica napus：Ⅰ.The Breeding Procedure and Character of 402S

A new rapeseed TGMS line 402S has bren bred through six years with seven generationsby hybridization and systematic breeding. 402S possesses the similar thermo-sensityve male sterility to its femal parent Xiangyou 91S which performed fertile, partially sterile and sterile throughout the flowering stage, and resembles its male parent Zhongshuang 4 on agronomic traits. And 402S has thedouble- low (low erucic acid and low glucosinolate) quality like its original parents.     

Detection of QTLs for Important Agronomic Traits and Analysis of Their Stabilities Using SSSLs in Rice

Single segment substitution lines （SSSLs） each with a single chromosome segment from a donor under the same genetic background as the recipient were developed in rice by advanced backcrossing and molecular marker-assisted selection. Using the SSSLs, the QTLs for the important agronomic traits in rice would be detected under different environmental conditions. Detection of the QTLs controlling 22 important traits in rice was done with 32 SSSLs by the randomized block design in 2-4 cropping seasons. 59 QTLs were detected and distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11, of which 18 QTLs were detected more than twice. Only 30.5% of the QTLs were detected repeatedly in different cropping seasons. Most of the QTLs of important agronomic traits were of little additive effects and instability. The QTLs controlling the traits, such as grain weight, grain length, ratio of grain length to width, and heading date were relatively stable. The stable QTLs usually had larger additive effects and were less affected by environment. The QTLs for the important agronomic traits were detected using the SSSLs in rice with high resolution under different environmental conditions. The instability of the QTLs may be the basis of the variation of rice plants during growth and development. It would be the genetic basis for improving yield and quality in rice cultivars by farming methods.     

Analysis on Combining Ability for Characters of Male Sterile Lines in Rapeseed （ Brassica napus L.）

The male sterile line is very important in the hybrid breeding program of rapeseed. This study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of many characters of male sterile lines in Brassica napus...     

新型甘蓝型油菜核不育材料绵7AB-4-2农艺性状鉴定及分子检测

四川省绵阳市农科所1991年用甘蓝型油菜双高隐性核不育系绵1AB-1作母本,品872—161—134作父本进行转育,F2代出现不育株进行成对兄妹交,经多代选择,培育出隐性核不育系绵7AB-4（双低）。以其不育系的不育性状为选择目标,从中分离纯化出2个农艺性状无明显差异、育性不同的株系,分别定为绵7AB-4-1和绵7AB-4-2,前者兄妹交和可育株自交的不育率分别为50％和25％,后者分别达到80％和60％。笔者对新材料绵7AB-4-2与其姊妹系绵7AB-4—1的农艺性状和SSR引物多态性进行研究,为其进行分子标记、克隆及进一步利用奠定基础。     

基于体细胞组织培养的甘蓝型油菜核三系保持系绵7MB-1亲本繁殖与F1制种

1材料与方法 1．1材料 核三系临保系：绵7MB-1;核两系不育系：绵7AB-4—1;恢复系：绵恢9613及品93-496（引自四川省农业科学院）。诱导培养基：B5＋谷氨酰胺2mg／L＋水解乳蛋白50mg／L＋6-BA2mg／L＋2T 1mg／L。增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 1 mg／L＋NAA 0．1mg／L。     

双低甘蓝型油菜新型核不育系绵7AB-4的遗传研究Ⅰ.育性表现的初步研究

利用甘×白杂交F2产生的核不育株,培育出了双低甘蓝型油菜新型核不育系绵7AB-4。该不育系不育率高达70%～90%,不育性彻底而稳定,不受环境条件影响,其恢复源广泛,已培育出高产杂交组合绵油12号。本文对该不育系在育性遗传上的特性进行了初步研究,并对其利用方法与途径进行了讨论。     

1个新油菜核不育系败育机理研究

[目的]研究1个新油菜核不育品系的败育机理。[方法]油菜现蕾后,取核不育系和可育系油菜花朵进行花器观察与比较,并用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对其花药发育进行显微和超微结构观察与比较。[结果]花器观察表明,油菜核不育系不育株的株型、株高等特征以及花器结构与正常株无显著差别,花药前期发育正常,后期逐渐萎缩败育,雌蕊发育正常。显微观察表明,核不育系的败育时期在花粉母细胞阶段,表现为花粉母细胞空泡化、细胞分裂的同步化丧失、细胞解体。超微结构显示,花粉母细胞的败育始于花粉母细胞分化期,细胞内出现许多自噬体和多泡体,并最终导致细胞解体。[结论]该核不育系的胞间通讯能力显著低于正常油菜,可能是导致其细胞分裂同步化丧失的原因。     

波里马（Pol.CMS）胞质雄性不育＋显性细胞核雄性不育系的选育

甘蓝型油菜显型细胞核雄性不育与波里马细胞抟雄性不育具有不同的不育基因系统;采用有性杂我和连续回交的方法,将甘蓝型油菜显性细胞核不育基因导入到含有波里马不育胞质的材料中,初步得到了显性细胞核＋细胞质不育系。讨论了新不育系的遗传组成及在油菜杂种优势利用和机理研究方面的重要作用。     

甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系六020327A的选育

［目的］选育品质优良、综合性状好、配合力强的不育系。[方法］利用引进种植的品系03P27中的雄性不育单株,采取田间选择和品质筛选相结合,不育株后代连续回交的方法对其进行选育。［结果］育成甘蓝型油菜双低不育系六020327A,经田间性状鉴定表明,属细胞质雄性不育系。该不育系芥酸含量0.3%,硫甙含量26.68 μmol/g,含油量达40.69%;其育性对温度反应比较迟钝,高温败育彻底;具有田间性状好、长势强、抗逆性和配合力较强等特点。［结论］不育系六020327A是开展优质杂交油菜品种选育的重要材料。     

甘蓝型油菜Ogura胞质雄性不育系及恢复系聚类分析

[目的]对Ogura胞质雄性不育系及恢复系进行遗传差异分析,为生产上利用Ogura胞质不育系统选育强优势甘蓝型油菜杂交组合提供参考.[方法]利用分布于连锁群上的76对SSR标记分析79份甘蓝型油菜Ogura细胞质雄性不育系及恢复系材料间的差异并进行聚类分析.[结果]在76对SSR标记引物(每条连锁群4对SSR标记)中可筛选出38对标记;在79份材料中,38对SSR标记共扩增到123条清晰条带,扩增片段大小为100~400 bp;获得89个多态性位点,材料间遗传相似系数为0.52~0.99.聚类分析结果表明,在相似系数0.68处,可将79份材料分为A、B、C、D、E5个类群,92.4%的材料可归入A、B两类,其中72.1%的恢复系材料归入A类,72.8%的不育系材料归入B类.A类和B类又可在相似系数0.74处分别分为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、A7及B1、B2、B3、B411个亚群.[结论]SSR标记可用于甘蓝型油菜Ogura细胞质雄性不育系及恢复系的分类鉴定.     

温度对油菜核不育系贵引AB育性转换不育株雄性育性的影响

[目的]为核不育性品种贵引AB的纯合奠定基础。[方法]以甘蓝型油菜（B.napus）细胞核不育系贵引AB育性转换不育株为材料,用分期播种和人工定温试验相结合的方法,研究了其环境敏感类型、育性转换临界温度和敏感时期。[结果]贵引AB群体由可育变为半不育的临界温度是20.00℃,而由半不育变为不育的临界温度是16.00℃。但是,贵引AB不育株还是一个分离群体,其个体间育性转换临界温度尚有差异。贵引AB不育株系186-1的10个单株由不育变为半不育的温度变化在15~20℃,而由半不育变为可育的温度则多数为23.00℃,少数为22.00℃,个别为18.00℃。贵引AB不育株育性变换的温度敏感期多数为开花前1 d,少数为开花前2 d。[结论]甘蓝型油菜核不育两型系贵引AB不育株育性转换特性明显,温度是控制贵引AB不育株育性转换的主要因素,高温有利于其雄性发育,低温不利于其雄性发育,光照对其育性没有明显影响。     

粳型水稻光敏核不育系皖2304S的选育及特征特性

[目的]介绍光敏核不育系皖2304S的选育过程、育性表现、抗病性和农艺性状。[方法]以粳稻光敏核不育系7001S为母本,与双九杂交,经4年7代选择育成了粳稻光敏核不育系皖2304S(简称2304S)。[结果]2009年8月12～28日,2304S表现雄性不育,镜检花粉败育率99.54%～100.00%,套袋自交结实率0～0.07%;8月31日至9月21日,表现雄性可育,镜检花粉败育率79.94%～99.79%,套袋自交结实率0.56%～28.76%。2010年8月2日至9月1日,表现雄性不育,镜检花粉败育率99.53%～100.00%,套袋自交结实率0～0.36%,稳定不育期31 d;9月3～17日,表现雄性可育,镜检花粉败育率96.38%～99.46%,套袋自交结实0.57%～18.82%。长日不育起点温度低于24.0℃。田间种植对水稻条纹叶枯病抗性较强。[结论]该不育系稳定不育期30 d以上,适宜选配中粳组合。