丙草胺与4种磺酰脲类除草剂混用对稻苗安全性的影响

室内测定了丙草胺分别与磺酰脲类除草剂甲磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、醚磺隆和吡嘧磺隆混用后，一叶一心期稻苗抑制50％株高的使用浓度(IC50)和抑制10％株高的使用浓度(IC50)，并用共害系数(CHC)对混用组合安全性的联合作用进行了评价．结果表明：所有混配处理的CHC10均小于12．0，表现出强烈的解毒效应；不同混用处理的CHC50值差异很大，丙草胺与甲磺隆混用的CHC50均小于25．0，解毒效应显著．丙草胺与苄嘧磺隆混配的CHC50为26．1—167．8，丙草胺与苄嘧磺隆混用的CHC50为52.2—115.5，丙草胺与醚磺隆混用的CHC50为80．0—110．2．     

不同阶段肉仔鸡能量需要模型的建立

试验研究了0~8周龄肉仔鸡胴体与羽毛蛋白、脂肪的生长曲线及0~3、4~6和7~8周龄3个阶段每日摄入不同水平的能量及蛋白对其体蛋白、体脂肪沉积的影响,旨在确定胴体与羽毛蛋白、脂肪动态的沉积规律及日粮能量沉积为体蛋白及体脂肪的效率。试验1,包括3个饲养试验分别选取体重相近的0、21和42日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡324只,按性别及日粮随机分为18个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复6只鸡。肉仔鸡每日限量饲喂,饲喂水平分别为正常采食量的90%、70%和50%,每日定量供给肉仔鸡高、中、低3个水平的高蛋白质基础日粮及由饲喂水平决定的定量淀粉,进而使肉仔鸡每日采食能蛋质量比(代谢能/粗蛋白)不同的9种日粮;试验2,选取体重相近的0日龄AA肉仔鸡144只,按性别不同随机分为2个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复18只鸡。试验初和试验末分别进行屠宰,以测定肉仔鸡胴体和羽毛蛋白、脂肪和干物质含量。结果显示:1)Gompertz方程能很好的拟合不同性别肉仔鸡蛋白和脂肪的生长,不同性别间蛋白和脂肪极限重量、羽毛蛋白和脂肪的生长速率差异显著(P<0.05),而胴体蛋白和脂肪的生长速率差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)在0~3、4~6和7~8周...     

ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

Characterisation of Neonicotinoid and Pymetrozine Resistance in Strains of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from China

Four strains of the Q biotype and one of the B biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci collected from China were characterised for resistance to four neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine. Q biotype strains showed moderate to strong resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid, but little or no cross-resistance to dinotefuron. Resistance to neonicotinoids was consistently associated with resistance to pymetrozine, despite the latter having a distinct (though unresolved) mode of action. The single B biotype strain proved largely susceptible to all the insecticides investigated. Resistance in the Q biotype strains was associated with over-expression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, CYP6CM1, whose substrate specificity presumably accounts for the observed cross-resistance profiles.     

贵州山区做好玉米区域试验的经验与方法

玉米区域试验是在不同生态条件下,对新育成品种的丰产性、稳产性、抗逆性、适应性及品质性状等进行全面鉴定和综合评价的中间环节,是新育成品种能否通过审定推广的重要过程,是农业科研与农业生产的重要纽带,是新品种是否能在本地区推广应用的科学依据,做好玉米区域试验事关重大.     

民勤绿洲荒漠交错带三种沙丘类型的自然植被特征

基于对民勤沙井子地区植被调查数据,研究了固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘3种沙丘类型的自然植被特征.结果表明:从固定沙丘、半固定沙丘到流动沙丘,总盖度、灌木盖度下降,草本盖度增加.物种丰富度减小是物种多样性下降的主要原因.从植物的生活型来看,多年生草本和灌木类植物受沙丘类型的影响最大,而一年生草本和半灌木可存活于不同沙丘类型.白刺的生态优势度(重要值)由小到大依次为固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、流动沙丘.植物多样性与白刺的生态优势度呈负相关.不同沙丘类型白刺地上生物量变化明显,半固定沙丘白刺生物量最大.     

寄生虫引起的草鱼鳃病的组织病理比较研究

本文对草鱼的隐鞭虫病、车轮虫病、小瓜虫病、指环虫病、三代虫病及中华鱼蚤病六种寄生虫性鳃病的组织病理变化进行比较研究，寄生虫性鳃病均可引起鳃组织发生炎症反应，粘液分泌亢进，嗜酸粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润；但又因病原体的种类不同，危害鱼的方式、方法不同，因此病理变化又有很大差别，对鱼危害较大的均为变质性炎，如隐鞭虫病；对鱼危害较小的则属增生性炎，如中华鱼蚤病．     

葡萄盆栽技术

葡萄盆栽技术,包括择土选种、露地扦插、田间管理、装盆及整形、肥水管理等内容,对葡萄盆栽爱好者有一定的指导意义。     

Yield and quality of maize stover: Variation among cultivars and effects of N fertilization

Biomass yields and concentrations of crude protein(CP), ether extract(EE), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), and crude fiber(CF) were analyzed for five cultivars of summer-sown maize(Zea mays L.) stover grown in field trials at three rates of N fertilization, and sampled immediately after grain harvest.The results revealed differences in yields and concentrations of nutrients according to stalk height and hence harvest portion among the cultivars.N application greatly increased biomass yield and CP, especially in upper stalks and to a lesser extent, EE.Concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased as N rate increased.The results show that stovers from all local popular maize cultivars are suitable as animal fodder and that moderate N application improves feed quality of stover.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

小菜蛾阿维菌素和虫酰肼抗性品系对几种新型药剂的交互抗性研究

以敏感品系为对照,利用室内筛选获得的虫酰肼和阿维菌素高抗品系Teb-R和Aba-R,测定了小菜蛾对几种新型杀虫剂的交互抗性。结果发现:小菜蛾对虫酰肼产生高水平抗性后(抗性倍数185.5倍),对阿维菌素表现出中等水平交互抗性(41.0倍),对茚虫威(11.4倍)和溴虫腈(5.3倍)仅表现出低水平交互抗性,对多杀菌素(1.7倍)和氯虫苯甲酰胺(1.4倍)则没有表现出明显的交互抗性。用阿维菌素筛选Teb-R品系39代后获得阿维菌素高抗品系Aba-R(593.8倍),该品系对茚虫威(12.3倍)表现出中等水平交互抗性,对多杀菌素(7.9倍)表现出低水平交互抗性,对溴虫腈(2.7倍)和氯虫苯甲酰胺(0.9倍)的交互抗性不明显;同时该品系对虫酰肼的抗性也由阿维菌素筛选前的185.5倍下降到筛选后的28.0倍,也没有交互抗性。基于上述研究结果认为,使用虫酰肼防治小菜蛾出现抗性后,可以使用多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺进行替代防治,但不宜用阿维菌素、茚虫威和溴虫腈进行替代防治;利用阿维菌素防治小菜蛾产生抗性后,可以用溴虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺和虫酰肼进行替代防治,但不宜用多杀菌素和茚虫威。     

Water quality,agriculture and food safety in China:Current situation,trends, interdependencies,and management

Water quality in China is becoming a severe challenge for agriculture and food safety,and it might also impact health of population via agriculture and food. Thus,it is causing widespread concern. Based on extensive literatures review and data mining,current situation of water pollution in China and its effects on food safety were analyzed. The 2nd National Water Resource Survey in China show that the surface water all over the country was under slight pollution and about 60% of groundwater is polluted. Drinking water quality is basically guaranteed in urban area but it is worrisome in rural areas. In addition,China is the largest consumer of fertilizer and pestici de in the world and the amounts of application still show increasing trends. Fertilizers and pesticides are the most important sources of pollution,which affect human health as persistent organic pollutants and environmental endocrine disruptors. Eutrophication of surface water and nitrate pollution of groundwater are serious threats to drinking water safety. Sewage irrigation is becoming a pollution source to China's water and land because of lacking of effective regulations. Although,with the advance in technology and management level,control of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions and reducing water pollution is still a major challenge for China.     

抗仔猪早期断奶应激(EWS)和断奶后应激性疾病(WSD)的研究——不同水平蛋白质饲粮对仔猪断奶后腹泻(PWD)和水肿病(OD)的防制效果试验观察

试验选用大长杂种仔猪３６窝３２４头，随机分为Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ组每组１０８头。分别采用３种不同蛋白质水平的玉米－豆饼型饲粮饲喂仔猪，７日龄开始诱食，２８日龄断奶，６０日龄结束试验。结果表明，１８％和２０％低蛋白质饲粮组ＰＷＤ发病率比２２％高蛋白质饲粮组分别低２７．７８％和２５％，死亡率分别低１．８５％和１．８５％；ＯＤ发病率分别低５．５５％和４．６３％，死亡率分别低４．６０％和３．７３％；日增重分别提高１３．６５％和１４．００％．     

新疆野生观赏植物名录

据作者近年来实地调查,采集标本,归纳了新疆地区的野生观赏植物,观赏价值较高者共有54科117属392种。     

鹤岗市农业机械化发展情况的调查

通过对2008年以来鹤岗市农业机械化发展情况的调查,全面系统地掌握了当前全市农业机械化发展状况,以及发展中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了＂五个破解与提升＂的建议,为今后农业机械化发展决策提供了重要依据。     

Delphi下,面向对象程序设计方法的实现

Delphi语言作为全面支持面向对象的语言，在程序设计中引入了类、对象、封装、继承、多态和抽象等概念。本文把Delphi所支持面向对象的特性作以全面探讨，并给出部分例子，仅供读者参考。     

Determination of Forchlorfenuron Dissipation and Residue in Cucumbers and Red Soil

To assess the risks of forchlorfenuron after application, a residue analysis method for ferchlorfenuron in cucumbers and the red soil of Southern China was established, and the dissipation behavior and residue characteristics of forchlorfenuron were studied under field conditions. The field trials, including dissipation and residue experiments, were conducted in Hunan, Yunnan and Hainan Provinces. Forchlorfenuron was applied at 32 a.i.g ha-1 rate for the dissipation study and both 21 and 32 a.i.g ha-1 for the residue study. Representative cucumbers and soil samples were collected at predetermined intervals for HPLC for UV-detector analysis. The average recoveries of the method were 80.8%-92.0% with coefficients variation (CV) between 0.4% and 11.8%. The detection limit of forchlorfenuron in cucumbers and soil samples was 0.003 mg · kg-1 and the minimum detectable amount was 3.0×10-10 g. The half life of forchlorfenuron in cucumbers in the three provinces changed as: Yunnan (5.50 days), Hunan (5.88 days), and Hainan (6.53 days) and in the soil was observed: Hainan (6.54 days), Hunan (7.64 days), and Yunnan (8.39 days). The maximum terminal residue in cucumbers at 32 a.i.g ha-1 rate after 5 days was 0.009 mg · kg-1 (Yunnan) followed by 0.0085 mg · kg-1 (Hainan) and 0.0082 mg · kg-1 (Hunan) which was below MRL value of 0.01 mg · kg-1 established by the USA, EPA. So a waiting period of 5 days should be established after spaying on cucumbers to avoid hazard to human beings.     

烘烤对烟叶微生物种群的影响

[目的]研究烘烤对不同部位烟叶微生物种群的影响。[方法]采用不同的培养基分离鉴定烘烤过程中烟叶上的微生物,调查在烟叶烘烤过程中微生物种群的变化。[结果]在新鲜烟叶上,微生物种类是下部叶比中部叶多,上部叶上的微生物种类相对最少。烟叶经过烘烤后,不同叶位烟叶上的微生物种类明显少于新鲜烟叶。烟叶在烘烤进程中,细菌种类一直在减少;放线菌在定色期有所增加;中、下部烟叶的霉菌在烘烤过程中减少,而在上部烟叶霉菌在变黄、定色期增加,然后在干筋期减少。[结论]该研究可为预防烟叶在烘烤过程中腐烂和提高烟叶品质提供科学依据。     

木材—水泥混合物水化特性的研究

本文论述福建省主要树种:杉木、马尾松、石栎、青岗栎、栲木和荷木与水泥及水混合时的水化反应特性,以及添加剂和木材热水处理对木材—水泥混合物水化特性的影响。     

蛋白酶和植酸酶联合添加降低肉仔鸡氮磷排放的研究

探讨不同酶制剂组合在低能、低氮蛋白、低磷日粮中对肉仔鸡生产性能和氮、磷排放的影响。选用288只1日龄爱拔益加父母代母系公雏,进行4种日粮处理:①按总氨基酸需要配制正常能量、粗蛋白质和总磷营养水平日粮(CK正),②按可消化氨基酸需要配制低能、低蛋白、低磷日粮(CK低),以及在CK低基础上分别添加③蛋白酶+植酸酶和④蛋白酶+淀粉酶+木聚糖酶+植酸酶共2种组合的酶制剂,测定了生产性能、氮、磷代谢等指标。结果表明:低营养水平日粮(CK低)导致肉仔鸡生产性能显著下降,添加2种酶制剂组合均能显著改善其生产性能和综合生产指数,达到正常营养水平日粮(CK正)的效果。2种酶制剂组合均显著降低粪便中磷、氮排放,其中以蛋白酶+植酸酶组合效果最好,按食入日粮计磷、氮排放分别比CK正降低26.06%和10.76%。结果说明,蛋白酶+植酸酶组合更有利于提高氮、磷利用率进而降低肉仔鸡粪便氮、磷的排放。