Bemisia tabaci Biotype Dynamics and Resistance to Insecticides in Israel During the Years 2008–2010

The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and worldwide. B. tabaci is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging worldwide. The change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008–2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance outbreaks. The results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields, while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses, where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide applications. While in previous years, Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel, significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010, indicating the instability of the B. tabaci population from one year to another. Reasons for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of B. tabaci biotype, and their resistance status, are discussed.     

First report of field resistance to cyantraniliprole,a new anthranilic diamide insecticide,on Bemisia tabaci MED in China

The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) cryptic species complex comprises important insect pests that cause devastating damage to agricultural crops worldwide. In China, the B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) (or biotype Q) species is threatening agricultural production all over the country as resistance to commonly used insecticides has increased. This situation highlights the need for alternative pest control measures. Cyantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, has been widely employed to control Hemipteran pests. To monitor the levels of resistance to cyantraniliprole in B. tabaci field populations in China, bioassays were conducted for 18 field samples from nine provinces over two years. Compared with median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) for the MED susceptible strain, all field samples had significantly higher resistance to cyantraniliprole. Furthermore, resistance factors (RFs) increased significantly in samples from Shanxi (from 5.62 in 2015 to 25.81 in 2016), Hunan (3.30 in 2015 to 20.97 in 2016) and Hubei (from 9.81 in 2015 to 23.91 in 2016) provinces. This study indicates a considerable decrease in the efficacy of cyantraniliprole against B. tabaci and establishes a baseline of susceptibility that could serve as a reference for future monitoring and management of B. tabaci resistance to cyantraniliprole.     

Characterization of field-evolved resistance to cyantraniliprole in Bemisia tabaci MED from China

Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide with significant efficacy against Bemisia tabaci, an important pest insect worldwide. In this study, we conducted reversion and selection work and genetic analysis, and determined cross-resistance spectrum and synergism of cyantraniliprole resistance based on the reported population, SX population, of B. tabaci collected from Shanxi Province, China. Compared with a susceptible strain (MED-S), SX population, the field-evolved cyantraniliprole-resistant population exhibited 26.4-fold higher resistance to cyantraniliprole. In SX, a sharp decline of cyantraniliprole resistance was shown in the absence of selection. Another tested strain, SX-R, was established from SX population after successive selection with cyantraniliprole and recently developed 138.4-fold high resistance to cyantraniliprole. SX-R had no cross-resistance to abamectin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, or bifenthrin. Genetic analysis illustrated that cyantraniliprole resistance in SX-R was autosomally inherited and incompletely dominant. Additionally, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) significantly inhibited cyantraniliprole resistance in the SX-R strain. In conclusion, the selection of SX with cyantraniliprole led to high resistance to cyantraniliprole which is incompletely dominant and no cross-resistance to several common types of insecticides. Enhanced oxidative metabolism is possibly involved in the resistance of SX-R, yet target-site resistance could not be excluded.     

黄绿绿僵菌悬乳剂与低剂量阿维菌素对Q型烟粉虱的联合防治作用

【目的】烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）是重要的入侵农业害虫,已对众多常规杀虫剂产生了高度抗性。论文针对烟粉虱的高效治理问题,通过室内和田间联合应用昆虫病原真菌与化学农药,评价其是否对烟粉虱防治具有协同增效作用,为烟粉虱的有效防控提供新的途径。【方法】在前期试验已经筛选到一株对Q型烟粉虱毒力较高的黄绿绿僵菌（Metarhizium flavoviride）菌株Mf96基础上,先于实验室条件下采用喷雾法,在3个浓度梯度（1.0×10⁸、1.0×10⁷、1.0×10⁶个孢子/mL）的黄绿绿僵菌（Mf96）分生孢子悬乳剂中添加1.8%阿维菌素WP,分别配制成含0、15、30、45和60 µg·mL^-1剂量的1.8%阿维菌素WP溶液,并喷到Q型烟粉虱2龄若虫体表,检测其死亡率。在体视显微镜下记录单位面积内的孢子沉积数量。田间试验中,分别将黄绿绿僵菌Mf96菌株悬乳剂（1.0×10⁸个孢子/mL）和1.8%阿维菌素WP（60 µg·mL^-1）单用和混用后喷施于NC95烟草上,评价其对烟粉虱的防治效果。【结果】实验室条件下,Mf96菌株悬乳剂从第4 天到第8 天对“Q型”烟粉虱2龄若虫的LC₅₀从1 376降至183个孢子/mm²。Mf96菌株与阿维菌素（60 µg·mL^-1）混合作用7 d后,真菌LC₅₀从378降至46个孢子/mm²。低剂量的阿维菌素对黄绿绿僵菌Mf96菌株的分生孢子和菌丝生长没有影响。不同浓度黄绿绿僵菌（低、中、高）孢子悬乳剂分别与不同浓度阿维菌素（0、15、30、45 和 60 µg·mL^-1）复配处理后,Q型烟粉虱2龄若虫有不同僵虫率,其中以阿维菌素30 µg·mL^-1与黄绿绿僵菌高浓度悬乳剂复配处理Q型烟粉虱2龄若虫产生的僵虫率最高,达86.8%。对照（悬乳剂基础配方）和单独喷施阿维菌素处理中未见到僵虫。田间喷施真菌孢子悬乳剂、药剂和菌药混剂后5 d和10 d,菌药混用的Q型烟粉虱若虫虫口减退率均最高,分别为53.6%和85.7%;5个随机抽查时间得到校正防效变化趋势与虫口减退率趋势一致,25 d菌药混用的校正防效在所有处理中最高,达88.9%;5个随机抽查时间得到的对照组虫口减退率均为负值。【结论】黄绿绿僵菌Mf96菌株与阿维菌素联合在实验室和田间防治Q型烟粉虱均具有协同增效作用。因此,利用黄绿绿僵菌Mf96分生孢子悬乳剂与低剂量1.8%阿维菌素WP联合防治Q型烟粉虱是一项新的有效措施。     

广东褐飞虱种群对4种杀虫剂的抗药性

【目的】测定广东省褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)对常用杀虫剂的抗药性,为科学防治水稻褐飞虱提供依据。【方法】在室内采用稻苗浸渍法测定了采自广东省广州市、雷州市、连州市、南雄市、海丰县、大埔县和怀集县等7个地方田间褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和吡蚜酮的抗药性。【结果】广东褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉抗性仍处于极高水平抗性阶段(161.9~3576.4倍),对噻嗪酮抗性仍处于高水平至极高水平抗性阶段(93.4~1497.8倍),对噻虫嗪抗性仍处于高水平至极高水平抗性阶段(61.0~517.8倍),对吡蚜酮抗性处于敏感性下降至中等水平抗性阶段(3.7~11.0倍)。【结论】在水稻上防治稻飞虱需暂停使用吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和噻虫嗪;减少吡蚜酮在褐飞虱防治中的使用次数,以延缓抗药性的产生。     

黄瓜对B型和Q型烟粉虱取食的不同生理生化反应

【目的】烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）B生物型（中东-小亚细亚1种）和Q生物型（地中海种）是农业生产上的重要害虫,杀虫剂的滥用造成害虫产生抗药性,并危害到生态安全与人类健康,因此,制定安全有效的防控措施十分必要。利用植物抗性是害虫综合治理的重要方面,论文旨在探讨黄瓜植株被B型、Q型烟粉虱取食后营养和防御相关酶系的反应差异,阐明黄瓜植株应对烟粉虱取食防御反应的生理生化机制,为利用植物抗性防控不同烟粉虱生物型提供依据。【方法】以实验室长期培养的B型、Q型烟粉虱和黄瓜博杰1号品种为供试材料,在黄瓜植株4片真叶期分别接B型、Q型烟粉虱成虫200头,同时分别以不接虫的黄瓜植株为对照,在烟粉虱持续取食1、3、5、7、9 d后,分别测定黄瓜叶片中营养物质（可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质）含量、多酚含量、防御物质合成相关酶活性以及保护酶活性。【结果】在整个实验期内,B型烟粉虱取食3 d后,黄瓜叶片中可溶性糖和蛋白含量均显著高于对照植株,而Q型烟粉虱取食1 d后,黄瓜叶片内可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均比对照植株显著下降。黄瓜叶片中多酚含量及其合成关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性在两种生物型烟粉虱取食后均升高,但对Q型烟粉虱取食更敏感,即活性更高。B型烟粉虱取食后引起黄瓜叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活性均升高、过氧化物酶（POD）酶活性下降;而Q型烟粉虱取食后则引起SOD活性升高、POD和CAT酶活性下降。【结论】烟粉虱B型和Q型取食诱导黄瓜的营养物质含量、防御酶或保护酶活性发生不同变化。B型、Q型烟粉虱取食均能诱导黄瓜植株防御物质多酚的合成,导致叶片内多酚含量升高;但二者对黄瓜营养物质及保护酶的活性诱导存在差异,B型烟粉虱诱导黄瓜营养物质增加,Q型取食导致营养物质下降,而黄瓜防御物质在Q型烟粉虱取食后活性更强。两种烟粉虱生物型在寄主适应性上存在差异,在制定防治策略上,应该因不同烟粉虱生物型或不同寄主植物而有所不同。     

Insecticide resistance of the field populations of oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata (Walker) in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China

Resistance of five field populations of Mythimna separata(Walker) collected from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China to six different insecticides was evaluated by leaf dip method in the laboratory. The results showed that all populations were relatively sensitive to emamectin benzoate with a resistance ratio(RR) of 0.583–1.583 folds. All populations showed susceptible or low level resistance to chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin. Compared with a relatively susceptible strain of M. separata, the resistance level of the whole populations ranged from susceptible to moderate to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, moderate to high to phoxim(RR=19.367–70.100) except for population from Sanyuan County(RR=2.567). Pair-wise correlation analysis among different insecticides indicated that chlorpyrifos has a significantly positive and significant correlation with emamectin benzoate. Chlorantraniliprole didn't have significant correlation with emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos and phoxim. Therefore, emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin are recommended to control oriental armyworm. Meanwhile, to postpone the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, alternative and rotational application of insecticides between chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate or chlorpyrifos is necessary.     

玉溪菜区桃蚜种群对6种常用杀虫剂的抗药性分析

为掌握玉溪十字花科蔬菜桃蚜对常用杀虫剂的抗性和分布特征,针对桃蚜已产生抗性的问题进行室内毒力测定。采用室内生物测定方法,检测玉溪4 个田间种群和1 个自然保护区敏感种群对6 种常用杀虫剂的敏感性,得出田间种群抗性水平。结果表明,通海种群最高,处于敏感至极高抗水平（0.64~409.52 倍）;元江种群处于敏感至极高抗水平（0.19~317.55 倍）;澄江种群处于敏感至高抗水平（0.59~77.71 倍）;红塔区种群抗性水平最低,处于敏感至敏感下降水平（0.38~4.79 倍）。6 种药剂的抗性为：抗蚜威（4.79~409.52 倍）＞溴氰菊酯（4.27~80.22 倍）＞毒死蜱（1.97~13.95 倍）＞吡虫啉（0.93~5.74 倍）＞吡蚜酮（1.25~3.49 倍）＞阿维菌素（0.19~0.64 倍）。玉溪菜区4 个种群,除红塔区种群外,均对抗蚜威、溴氰菊酯、毒死蜱3 个药剂产生了不同程度的抗性;防治过程中应停止使用抗蚜威、溴氰菊酯,适当使用毒死蜱,吡蚜酮、吡虫啉和阿维菌素轮换使用。     

小菜蛾阿维菌素和虫酰肼抗性品系对几种新型药剂的交互抗性研究

以敏感品系为对照,利用室内筛选获得的虫酰肼和阿维菌素高抗品系Teb-R和Aba-R,测定了小菜蛾对几种新型杀虫剂的交互抗性。结果发现:小菜蛾对虫酰肼产生高水平抗性后(抗性倍数185.5倍),对阿维菌素表现出中等水平交互抗性(41.0倍),对茚虫威(11.4倍)和溴虫腈(5.3倍)仅表现出低水平交互抗性,对多杀菌素(1.7倍)和氯虫苯甲酰胺(1.4倍)则没有表现出明显的交互抗性。用阿维菌素筛选Teb-R品系39代后获得阿维菌素高抗品系Aba-R(593.8倍),该品系对茚虫威(12.3倍)表现出中等水平交互抗性,对多杀菌素(7.9倍)表现出低水平交互抗性,对溴虫腈(2.7倍)和氯虫苯甲酰胺(0.9倍)的交互抗性不明显;同时该品系对虫酰肼的抗性也由阿维菌素筛选前的185.5倍下降到筛选后的28.0倍,也没有交互抗性。基于上述研究结果认为,使用虫酰肼防治小菜蛾出现抗性后,可以使用多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺进行替代防治,但不宜用阿维菌素、茚虫威和溴虫腈进行替代防治;利用阿维菌素防治小菜蛾产生抗性后,可以用溴虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺和虫酰肼进行替代防治,但不宜用多杀菌素和茚虫威。     

Lack of fitness cost and inheritance of resistance to abamectin based on the establishment of a near-isogenic strain of Tetranychus urticae

Many populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have developed high levels of resistance to the pesticide abamectin in China and other countries. This study developed a near-isogenic line to understand better the inheritance, cross-resistance, and fitness costs associated with abamectin resistance in the field population of T. urticae in China. We introduced the trait that confers extremely high abamectin resistance in a field-collected population of T. urticae into a susceptible laboratory strain (IPP-SS) to generate an abamectin-resistant near-isogenic line (NIL-Aba). This process was carried out through multiple backcrossing to IPP-SS and via parthenogenesis and abamectin screening. Compared with IPP-SS, the NIL-Aba strain had a 25 147-fold resistance to abamectin and a high level of cross-resistance to bifenthrin (288.17-fold), an intermediate level to emamectin benzoate (42.57-fold), and low levels to bifenazate, chlorfenapyr, cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen, and cyetpyrafen with resistance ranging from 3.18- to 9.31-fold. But it had no cross-resistance to profenofos. The resistance to abamectin in NIL-Aba was autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Based on two sex life table parameters, no fitness cost was found in NIL-Aba. Establishing the NIL-Aba strain provides a reliable basis for an in-depth study of abamectin resistance in T. urticae. New information on toxicological characteristics and fitness cost should facilitate the management of abamectin resistance in field populations of T. urticae.     

上海地区烟粉虱生物型的鉴定

烟粉虱是一种由许多生物型组成的复合种,是一种世界性的重要害虫.不同生物型的烟粉虱在寄主范围、传毒能力、抗药性等许多生物学特性方面存在差异.利用mtDNA COI基因作标记对上海地区的烟粉虱生物型进行了分析鉴定.结果表明,所测上海10个代表性地区中,闵行区只检测到B型烟粉虱,嘉定、青浦和徐汇区只检测到Q型烟粉虱,其余各地区B型和Q型两种生物型烟粉虱共存.所测上海地区共45个种群中,有31个种群为Q型,占所测种群的68.9％,14个种群为R型,占31.1％.而且,大棚采集种群多为Q型(Q型占87.0％).结果说明Q型烟粉虱已在上海地区广泛存在、大量发生,并有取代R型烟粉虱成为上海地区烟粉虱主要危害类型的可能.     

甜菜夜蛾抗茚虫威品系的生物适合度及抗性遗传方式

 【目的】测定甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua）抗茚虫威品系对8种常用杀虫剂的交互抗性、生物适合度及抗性遗传方式。【方法】生测方法确定交互抗性程度,组建种群生命表评价抗性品系的生物适合度,LD-P线与统计分析相结合研究抗性遗传方式。【结果】对茚虫威产生134倍抗性的甜菜夜蛾品系（RR-indox）除对甲维盐表现中等水平的交互抗性（12.59倍）外,对其它7种药剂均没有明显交互抗性。抗性品系相对敏感品系的生物适合度为0.44,表现出一定程度的生长发育和繁殖上的不利性。杂交后代（F1,R♀×S♂;F′1,S♀×R♂）的显性度分别为0.54和0.74,甜菜夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性为常染色体多基因,不完全显性遗传。【结论】茚虫威防治甜菜夜蛾应注意与无交互抗性药剂轮换使用,以延缓抗性的产生。     

吡蚜酮复配药剂对稻飞虱控制效果及蜘蛛安全性研究

为筛选出能有效控制稻飞虱种群数量和延缓吡蚜酮抗药性产生的复配药剂,本研究选取4种吡蚜酮复配剂进行试验。以57%噻虫·吡蚜酮WDG、30%吡蚜·噻虫胺SC、35%噻虫·吡蚜酮WDG、70%吡蚜·呋虫胺WDG为试验药剂,以25%吡蚜酮SC为对照药剂,清水处理为空白对照。在稻飞虱低龄若虫盛期施药,于药后3、7、14、21天调查稻飞虱及蜘蛛的种群数量。结果表明,4种吡蚜酮复配药剂对稻飞虱具有较好控制效果,药后3天4种药剂对稻飞虱的防治效果均达到89%以上,药后14天4种药剂对稻飞虱的防治效果仍在98%以上,药后21天,35%噻虫·吡蚜酮WDG防治效果为86.26%,其他3种药剂防治效果仍在90%以上。4种药剂对蜘蛛杀伤力不明显,对水稻生长无不良影响。因此,4种吡蚜酮复配剂能有效控制稻飞虱种群数量,对天敌（蜘蛛）安全,可在水稻生产中大面积推广应用。     

烟粉虱B型和Q型竞争能力的室内比较分析

【目的】烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）B型和Q型均为外来入侵种类。近年田间调查表明,Q型在中国大部分地区已经取代B型成为优势种,有必要研究烟粉虱生物型之间的取代机制及其影响因素。论文在实验室条件下比较这两种生物型的取食能力及竞争能力,以期为烟粉虱有效治理提供依据。【方法】利用刺吸电位（electrical penetration graph,EPG）技术测定烟粉虱B型和Q型雌、雄成虫在黄瓜叶片上的取食行为,并在室内黄瓜上混合饲养两种烟粉虱生物型,多代监测其种群动态和雌雄比例,以比较其在室内无农药压力条件下的竞争力。【结果】 EPG结果显示,（i）总体上,烟粉虱B型的总刺探次数（P=0.020）和刺探的总持续时间（P=0.048）显著高于Q型;在第2阶段B型E波时间百分比显著低于Q型（P=0.001）,刺探时间百分比差异不显著;B型Pd波总次数（P=0.012）和Pd波总持续时间（P=0.016）均显著高于Q型;（ii）烟粉虱B型雌性非刺探波Np的时间百分比显著低于雄性（P=0.035）;而第2阶段刺探时间的百分比显著大于雄性（P=0.011）,与唾液分泌相关的第2阶段E波百分比却显著短于雄性（P＜0.001）;但B型雌、雄性成虫在第3阶段吸食韧皮部汁液的时间则差异不显著（P＞0.05）。Q型雌性不仅在第2阶段刺探的百分比显著高于雄性（P=0.031）,而且在整个记录时间内的总持续时间也显著高于雄性（P=0.039）,而雌性的非刺探时间Np波却显著短于雄性（P=0.038）;（iii）对于雌性,烟粉虱B型被动吸食植物汁液的E2＞10 min的个数显著多于Q型（P=0.036）;但是,烟粉虱Q型雌性第2阶段E波百分比显著高于B型雌性（P＜0.001）。两种生物型混合饲养结果显示,随烟粉虱世代增加,B型和Q型所占比例逐步出现分化。第1代时,B型种群数量在混合种群中所占比例已接近80%;而第5代和第6代时,B型所占比例已达到98%,Q型近乎完全被B型取代。同种生物型烟粉虱两性间的比例变化趋势一致,且同种生物型烟粉虱雌性所占比例均略高于其雄性。【结论】室内EPG记录和多代混养种群动态结果都表明,在室内没有农药压力的环境下,烟粉虱B型在黄瓜上的取食能力和种群竞争能力均高于Q型,而且两种生物型雌性的取食和竞争能力均高于雄性。     

新疆B型烟粉虱对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性测定与分析

[目的]对近年来新疆B型烟粉虱对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性特征及其发展变化进行了研究,为该害虫在新疆的化学防治及抗药性治理(IRM)策略提供科学依据.[方法]应用着卵叶片浸渍法和浸叶法比较测定了新疆部分地区B型烟粉虱对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性.[结果]由于长期用药防治烟粉虱,在新疆不同区域和寄主上B型烟粉虱对杀虫剂的敏感性出现了分化.[结论]被测种群对毒死蜱、噻虫嗪及天然除虫菊酯的敏感度低,LC50值分别为71.662～330.855、223.028～242.420和107.117～164.639 mg/L,属于抗性治理的重点品种;对吡虫啉、溴氰菊酯和氟虫腈的LC50值分别为43.47～67.496、27.881～61.688和21.808～43.768 mg/L,具有较高的抗药性风险,应当重点监测其抗性发展程度;对吡虫清、苦参·烟碱乳油等药剂敏感性高,属于重点保护的农药品种,可以在新疆烟粉虱的化学防治使用.另外,除了大剂量、高频率使用杀虫剂的温室烟粉虱品系ZH-O对吡丙醚产生了超过3 000倍的抗性外,其余各品系对吡丙醚表现敏感,该药剂仍可作为烟粉虱治理的重要品种之一.     

抗高效氯氟氰菊酯甜菜夜蛾近等基因系的交互抗性和种群适合度

 测定了对高效氯氟氰菊酯不同抗性水平的近等基因系高抗种群（NILs-RR）和低抗种群（NILs-RS）对13种杀虫剂的交互抗性，结果表明高抗种群对高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的交互抗性倍数在15.2～92.6之间；对氟虫腈，阿维菌素、灭多威和甲胺基阿维菌素也存在14.1～67.5倍的较高交互抗性；而对毒死蜱、溴虫腈、虫酰肼及辛硫磷的交互抗性较低，在3.0～7.6倍之间。低抗种群对氟虫腈和阿维菌素存在较明显的交互抗性，在13.3～14.3倍之间；对高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、灭多威、溴虫腈和甲胺基阿维菌素有一定程度的交互抗性（5.8～9.9倍）；对高效氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯的交互抗性较低（2.6～2.9倍）；对辛硫磷、毒死蜱和虫酰肼则没有明显的交互抗性（1.7～1.8倍）。对构建的甜菜夜蛾敏感种群（SS）、近等基因系高效氯氟氰菊酯抗性种群(NILs-RR)和近等基因系低抗性种群(NILs-RS)生命表分析表明，以SS种群为参比，NILs-RS、NILs-RR种群的相对适合度分别为0.870、0.893，抗高效氯氟氰菊酯不同基因型甜菜夜蛾SS，NILs-RS和NILs-RR三种群净增殖率分别为624.7, 543.6和557.8，无显著差异，表明高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗药性未引发甜菜夜蛾适合度变化。综合上述研究结果可见甜菜夜蛾对高效氯氟氰菊酯产生抗药性后，与其它菊酯类药剂、氟虫腈和阿维菌素存在较高水平交互抗性，此类药剂间不宜混用或轮用；与辛硫磷、毒死蜱和虫酰肼的交互抗性均较低，可以混用或轮用。在高抗地区也可以通过引入敏感种群进行抗性稀释的方法治理甜菜夜蛾对菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性。     

The Relationship Between Resistance to Controlled Atmosphere and Insecticides of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera:Liposcelididae)

The cross resistance of four resistant strains of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, an important stored-product insect pest, was investigated. These four strains included the HCO2-R (hypercarbia-resistant strain), HCLO-R (hypoxia and hypercarbia resistant strain),DDVP-R (DDVP-resistant strain) and PH3-R (PH3-resistant strain). The results indicated that there were cross-resistances between CA and insecticides, and the quantities of the cross-resistance were different. The cross-resistance factor (RF) of HCO2-R to hypoxia and hypercarbia was 3.2458, whilst, that of HCLO-R to hypercarbia was 1.8280. The RF of DDVP-R to PH3 was 3.9614, whilst, that of PH3-R to DDVP was 2.7852. The RF values of DDVPR and PH3-R to hypercarbia were 1.3550 and 1.1816, respectively. However, the RF of HCO2-R to DDVP was 2.1372. There also was a low cross-resistance between DDVP-R and HCO2-R. The RF of HCO2-R to PH3 was 3.3698. This sugqested that the insects resistant to high CO2concentration atmosphere would develop significant resistance to PH3. However, the insects resistant to PH3 remain sensitive to hypercarbia atmosphere. Both DDVP-R and PH3-R developed resistance to high CO2 treatment. There was a low cross-resistance between DDVP-R and HCLO-R. The insects resistant to hypoxia and hypercarbia were very sensitive to DDVP. There also was cross-resistance between HCLO-R and PH3-R, but the resistance of PH3-R to hypoxia and hypercarbia was lower than that of HCLO-R to PH3. The difference of the overlapping and separate values indicated that there were differences in the intercross-resistance of four resistant strains.     

入侵B型与Q型烟粉虱的发生及防治对策

[目的]为控制B型和Q型烟粉虱的危害提供依据。[方法]以烟粉虱为研究对象,阐述了近年来入侵我国的B型和Q型烟粉虱的危害、生物型鉴定等方面的研究,并提出了防治对策。[结果]B型烟粉虱可为害寄主植物超过500种,包括多种蔬菜、花卉和大田作物,这些作物也是重要的病毒传播媒介。在云南、浙江、北京等地区已有Q型烟粉虱存在的报道,其在浙江省曾大量发生危害。不同生物型烟粉虱很难根据形态特征来区分,分子标记能有效地区分。烟粉虱成虫和若虫常群集在叶片背面,能分泌大量的蜜露,污染叶片和果实,诱发病害发生。烟粉虱要采取多种措施防治。[结论]应重视B型和Q型烟粉虱的传播与危害,采取综合防治措施。     

小菜蛾抗药性治理对策研究

 将“诊断剂量”技术原理与简易生物测定方法相结合，可监测小菜蛾对昆虫生长调节剂定虫隆抗性个体频率的发展动态。主要采用浸叶法测定了上海地区小菜蛾对5种常用杀虫剂的抗性水平，以及对4类新型杀虫剂的交互抗性。采用以田间抗性监测与治理有机结合为特点的小菜蛾抗药性治理对策，交替施用作用机理不同的杀虫剂，可有效地控制抗性小菜蛾种群的危害，并延缓对新型杀虫剂的抗性发展。将药剂田间推荐浓度作为抗药性监测的区分浓度，可为抗药性治理的决策和效果评价提供重要依据。