肉用雏鸡下丘脑内生长抑素mRNA的分布

应用地高辛标记反意生长抑素ｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交技术，研究５日龄ＡＡ肉鸡生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元胞体在下丘脑内的分布。结果表明：生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元主要分布在下丘脑外侧核吻侧部，后内侧核和后核吻侧部以及乳头体外侧核。生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元胞体为圆形，梭形和椭圆形，直径７－２０μｍ。胞质内均有强度不等的黑色或蓝黑色杂交反应物。生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元胞体在下丘脑各我的分布数目存在明显差异，其     

高等植物mRNA3′端形成机制

植物ｍＲＮＡ３′端加工在基因表达调控中起重要作用，本文着重综述了该领域的最新研究进展。在对动、植物系统进行比较的基础上，提出了Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）信号和Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）信号上游ＧＵ丰富区是影响植物ｍＲＮＡ３′端加工的主要顺式作用元件。     

猪淋巴结内嗜伊红性颗粒细胞的几种酶电镜细胞化学研究

报道了猪淋巴结内一种特殊的嗜伊红性颗粒细胞（暂定名）的超微结构和几种酶的电镜细胞化学特征．该细胞主要分布于猪淋巴结的髓质和皮质一髓质交界区，呈圆形或椭圆形，核也呈圆形或椭圆形，细胞质中含有较多的特殊颗粒，其它类型的细胞器较少．特殊颗粒有单层膜包裹．内容物电子致密度高，Ｍｇ２＋－腺苷三磷酸酶（Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰａｓｅ）、非特异性脂酶（ＮＳＥ）、５＇－核苷酸酶（５＇－ＡＭＰａｓｅ）细胞化学反应均呈阳性．Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｃ主要定位于细胞膜，ＡＣＰａｓｅ均匀分布于特殊颗粒内，ＮＳＥ分布在特殊颗粒膜和颗粒内，５＇－ＡＭＰａｓｅ主要定位于颗粒膜。     

差异显示法克隆水稻抗白叶枯病相关蛋白激酶基因

利用已知植物的蛋白激酶及抗病基因氨基酸序列，设计含激酶保守功能域的简并引物，运用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示技术显示经病原菌诱导的抗性品系及感病品系愈伤组织ｍＲＮＡ表达差异，并对差异片段分子克隆。     

IFN-Y在大鼠海马内的免疫组化定位

应用免疫组织化学SP法结合葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-硫酸镍铵呈色法研究IFN-Y免疫反应性产物在大鼠海马内的分布。结果表明,IFN-Y免疫反应主要分布于海马CAl、CA2、CA3区,有少量分布于灰被,齿状回。这为海马具有免疫调节功能的观点提供了新的证据。结合文献,推断IFN-Y在海马-下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺的免疫调控中起主要作用。     

欧洲油菜花粉cDNA文库的构建

从欧洲油菜（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｎａｐｕｓ）成熟花粉中提纯出ｍＲＮＡ．ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）＋ｍＲＮＡ在ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）引导下，用反转录酶合成ｃＤ－ＮＡ第一链，用大肠杆菌ＲＮＡ酶Ｈ和大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ聚合酶Ｉ置换合成ＣＤＮＡ第二链．加上ＥｃｏＲＩ／ＮｏｔＩ接头。最后将双链ＤＮＡ克隆子λｇｔｌｌ载体中。用Ｂｃｐｌ作探针，杂交筛选构建的ｃＤＮＡ文库。     

IFN-γ在大鼠海马内的免疫组化定位

应用免疫组织化学SP法结合葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-硫酸镍铵呈色法研究IFN-γ免疫反应性产物在大鼠海马内的分布.结果表明,IFN-γ免疫反应主要分布于海马CA1、CA2、CA3区,有少量分布于灰被,齿状回.这为海马具有免疫调节功能的观点提供了新的证据.结合文献,推断IFN-γ在海马-下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺的免疫调控中起主要作用.     

水牛胃肠胰(GEP)系统中生长抑素免疫反应细胞的形态和分布

生长抑素免疫反应细胞存在于水牛胃肠道各段管壁中,但主要分布在胃腺和十二指肠的肠腺。胃和十二指肠粘膜上皮,以及十二指肠腺也有少量生长抑素免疫反应细胞。十二指肠以后段肠管的生长抑素免疫反应细胞数量极少,偶而可见位于腺上皮细胞之间。胰中的生长抑素免疫反应细胞主要位于胰岛,极少数分布在主胰管上皮和粘液腺以及小叶间导管上皮。生长抑素免疫反应细胞根据其形态分为三类:(1)锥形细胞,主要分布在腺上皮,其顶端朝向腺腔;(2)长形细胞,存在于粘膜上皮中;(3)不规则形细胞,位于胰岛。生长抑素免疫反应细胞既不被Grimelius方法着色,又不与Masson改良法产生反应。     

纳米比亚沙漠植物Acanthosicyos horridus种子解剖研究

纳米比亚野生甜瓜（Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｓｉｃｙｏｓ ｈｏｒｒｉｄｕｓ）是雌雄异株多年生深根吸水性植物，主要分布在纳米比亚大沙漠。纳米比亚甜瓜的果实和种子可食用，包括植株体在内为该地区人类和动物的水分，碳水化合物及养分的重要来源。本文对该植物结构进行了解剖研究，结果显示，种皮坚硬由五层组成，即表皮，皮下组织，厚壁组织，通过气组织层内层；珠心是由珠被包裹并紧贴在胚上的单层切向伸长的薄壁细胞组成；胚为双子叶，     

玉米叶片cDNA文库构建及Cah墓因克隆

从玉米叶片中提取总ＲＮＡ后，再利用ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄ７）－纤维素亲合层析往，从中分离出ｍＲＮＡ，然后以ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄ７）－ＸｂａＩａｄａｐｔｏｒ作为引物，ｍＲＮＡ作为模板，合成相应的ｃＤＮＡ．并定向克隆进λＧＥＭ－４载体，构建出滴度为２×１０５ｐｆｕ的玉米叶片ＣＤＮＡ文库、最后，利用寡核苷酸探针，从ｃＤＮＡ文库中筛选到８个阳性克隆。     

SAMP8小鼠衰老海马complexin含量呈环路特异性下降

利用免疫组化技术检测年龄对SAMP8小鼠海马突触前蛋白complexin1/2表达的影响。结果显示,与4.5月龄相比,13月龄组齿状回多形细胞层和外分子层及CA1区放射层的complexin1/2相对含量均显著下降,8月龄组后两者也下降。此外13月龄组CA3透明层complexin1/2低于表达较8月龄组。这些结果提示在SAMP8鼠海马complexin1/2含量随年龄增加而呈现环路特异性下降。     

胚胎晚期母体暴露细菌脂多糖对中年CD-1子鼠背海马synaptotagmi Ⅳ的影响

对胚胎晚期母体腹腔注射细菌脂多糖或生理盐水,利用免疫组化法对CD-1中年子鼠背海马CA1、CA3区和齿状回各层突触蛋白synaptotagmin IV的表达进行研究。结果显示synaptotagmin Ⅳ在背海马各层均有表达。与盐水对照组相比,细菌脂多糖处理组子鼠背海马CA1、CA3区各层和齿状回分子层的synaptotagmin Ⅳ含量显著增高(Ps<0.05)。结果表明胚胎晚期母体暴露细菌脂多糖可显著增加中年子鼠背海马Syt IV表达。     

Expression of the beta-nerve growth factor gene in hippocampal neurons

In situ hybridization with complementary DNA probes for nerve growth factor (NGF) was used to identify cells containing NGF messenger RNA in rat and mouse brain. The most intense labeling occurred in hippocampus, where hybridizing neurons were found in the dentate gyrus and the pyramidal cell layer. The neuronal identity of NGF mRNA-containing cells was further assessed by a loss of NGF-hybridizing mRNA in hippocampal areas where neurons had been destroyed by kainic acid or colchicine. RNA blot analysis also revealed a considerable decrease in the level of NGF mRNA in rat dentate gyrus after a lesion was produced by colchicine. This lesion also caused a decrease in the level of Thy-1 mRNA and an increase in the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA. Neuronal death was thus associated with the disappearance of NGF mRNA. These results suggest a synthesis of NGF by neurons in the brain and imply that, in hippocampus, NGF influences NGF-sensitive neurons through neuron-to-neuron interactions.     

生长抑素基因在猪胃组织中表达发育性变化及品种比较

 选用生长速度快的瘦肉型猪大白猪和生长速度慢的肥胖型猪二花脸作为试验动物 ,用相对定量RT PCR方法 ,研究猪胃体部组织中生长抑素 (somatostatin ,SS)基因表达发育性变化并进行品种间比较。结果表明 ,(1)出生当天两品种猪胃体部组织中SSmRNA表达水平较高 ,但出生后第 3天均出现显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )从 3日龄到 30日龄胃体部组织中SSmRNA表达在二花脸猪和大白猪均表现为上升 ,二花脸猪在 90日龄时达到高峰 ,随后下降。而大白猪在 30日龄之后保持相对稳定 ;(3)二花脸猪胃体组织中SSmRNA表达从出生到 90日龄均显著高于大白猪 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,二花脸猪胃体组织中SS表达自 12 0日龄下调 ,12 0～ 180日龄期间大白猪和二花脸猪胃体部SSmRNA表达没有间差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。以上结果提示 ,猪胃体部组织中SS基因表达调控有特定的时序性 ,并且呈现显著的品种差异 ,这是否与胃结构和功能的发育有关 ,还有待进一步研究。     

生长抑素对泌乳大鼠乳腺发育的作用

给泌乳SD大鼠皮下注射生长抑素及其耗竭剂,用RT-PCR法和放射免疫法检测大鼠乳腺中相关基因的表达水平及乳腺和血清生长抑素的水平,探讨生长抑素与相关因子间的关系。结果表明：生长抑素能提高大鼠血清和乳腺生长抑素的含量,下调ERα、PR、GHR、PRLR基因的表达,上调Leptin和LEPR基因的表达;其耗竭剂的作用相反,降低血清和乳腺中生长抑素的含量,上调ERα、PR、GHR、PRLR基因的表达,下调Leptin和LEPR基因的表达。说明生长抑素通过调节乳腺中相关因子的表达对大鼠乳腺发育起作用。     

GM-CSF与生长抑素融合表达质粒对小鼠肌肉组织GHR和IGF-I mRNA表达的影响

选择70只小白鼠,随机分为7组,每组10只,雌雄各半。其中第1组为对照组,第2-4组分别肌肉注射pcS/2SS、pGM-CSF/SS和pGM-CSF+pcS/2SS DNA疫苗;第5～7组分别口服以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的pcS/2SS、pGM-CSF/SS和pGM-CSF+pcS/2SS DNA疫苗,以β-actin作为内参,利用相对半定量RT-PCR,检测小鼠肌肉组织GHR和IGF-I mRNA的表达。结果表明:第3、5和6组的GHR mRNA表达显著高于1组和7组(P<0.05),第5和6组的IGF-I mRNA表达显著高于1组、2组、4组和7组(P<0.05),GM-CSF与SS的融合表达质粒(pGM-CSF/SS)的GHR和IGF-I mRNA表达高于pGM-CSF+pcS/2SS共同免疫,同种DNA疫苗,口服免疫组的GHR和IGF-I mRNA表达总体上比肌肉注射组要高。这些结果证明,GM-CSF可促进SS DNA疫苗的免疫效果,提高肌肉组织中GHR和IGF-I mRNA的表达;pGM-CSF/SS效果优于pGM-CSF+pcS/2SS,口服免疫组要优于肌肉注射免疫组。     

The Developmental Patterns of Somatostatin Gene Expression in Gastric Tissue of Erhualian and Large White Pigs

In present study, the developmental patterns of somatostatin (SS) gene expression in gastrictissue were compared between Erhualian and Large White pigs. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied todetermine the levels of SS mRNA. The results indicated that : (1) The gastric SS mRNA expression was high atbirth, followed by a significant decrease (P＜0.05) at 3 days of age in both breeds of pigs; (2) From 3 to 30days of age, the expression of SS mRNA in gastric tissue exhibited remarkable up-regulation in both breeds,after which a strain difference in the developmental pattern was observed. In Erhualian pigs, SS mRNA ex-pression reached a peak at 90 days of age, declined thereafter towards 180 days of age. In Large White pigs,however, the expression of SS mRNA remained constant from 30 days of age onwards; (3) In general, Erhual-ian pigs expressed higher levels of SS mRNA in gastric tissue compared with Large White pigs at the same age.The strain difference was significant from birth to 90 days of age, but vanished at 120 and 180 days of age.The results suggest that the gastric expression of SS in the pig is regulated following an instinct timetable in astrain-specific manner, its relationship with the development of gastric function as well as its interactions withenvironmental factors are to be elucidated.     

Regional variation of extracellular space in the hippocampus

The factors responsible for the unusual susceptibility of the hippocampus to seizures and ischemic cell damage are not well understood. The CA1 pyramidal subfield of the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to seizure activity and damage after ischemia. The possibility was examined that regional differences exist in extracellular volume, which might influence neuronal excitability and response to injury in the hippocampus. CA1 stratum pyramidale exhibited an exceptionally low extracellular volume fraction (EVF) of 0.12, whereas the EVFs of CA3 and dentate were considerably higher--0.18 and 0.15, respectively. The EVF of CA1 stratum pyramidale was reversibly reduced by 30 percent when the extracellular potassium concentration was raised from 3.5 to 8.5 mM, a procedure that induced spontaneous electrographic seizures in CA1. Thus there are regional variations in the properties of the extracellular space in the hippocampus that might underlie the propensity of the CA1 region to develop seizures and to suffer damage after ischemia.     

Pattern separation in the human hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus

Pattern separation, the process of transforming similar representations or memories into highly dissimilar, nonoverlapping representations, is a key component of many functions ascribed to the hippocampus. Computational models have stressed the role of the hippocampus and, in particular, the dentate gyrus and its projections into the CA3 subregion in pattern separation. We used high-resolution (1.5-millimeter isotropic voxels) functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity during incidental memory encoding. Although activity consistent with a bias toward pattern completion was observed in CA1, the subiculum, and the entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, activity consistent with a strong bias toward pattern separation was observed in, and limited to, the CA3/dentate gyrus. These results provide compelling evidence of a key role of the human CA3/dentate gyrus in pattern separation.     

死亡时间对雌性仔猪脑海马组织影响

为研究母猪脑海马死亡后变化情况,试验以同一遗传背景(杜×长×大)、体重及出生日龄相近的健康雌性仔猪作研究对象,采用核磁共振成像检测及光镜技术,检测母猪麻醉状态与死后10 min、1、2、3、6和10 h时段左侧、右侧海马体积,观察两侧海马齿状回区颗粒细胞形态,建立母猪死后海马形态学变化模型,为长期处于应激状态下妊娠母猪心理疾病的核磁共振诊断提供理论依据。核磁检测结果表明,仔猪死亡10 h内,与活体对照组海马体积比较,左侧海马体积无显著变化(P=0.901);右侧及总海马体积在死亡3 h内无显著性变化(右侧P=0.078;总P=0.104),但从死亡6 h开始显著变小(右侧P0.01;总P0.05);光镜观察表明,仔猪死亡3 h内,左侧及右侧海马齿状回区颗粒细胞形态与活体对照组相比,均未发生严重损害。死亡3 h内,仔猪脑海马组织无显著生理变化。