芸薹种(Brassica campestris,2n=20)蔬菜遗传多样性的RAPD初步分析

本文对芸薹种（ Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｃａ ｍ ｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ ,２ｎ ＝ ２０） 蔬菜基因组 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 进行了 Ｒ Ａ Ｐ Ｄ 初步分析, 并就 Ｒ Ａ Ｐ Ｄ－ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 反应条件的优化进行了探讨。结果表明：各个亚种或变种的品种之间存在着丰富的遗传多样性。     

松材线虫和拟松线虫种间及种下群体的RAPD指纹分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对松材线虫（Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ ｘｙｌｌｐｈｉｌｕｓ）和拟松材线虫（Ｂ．ｍｕｃｒｏｎａｔｕｓ）的分离物基因组ＤＮＡ进行了ＤＮＡ片段的随机扩增,以确定种间及种内群体的亲缘关系和筛选具有种鉴定特征的分子标记。通过对４０个１０聚体随机引物的筛选,应用８个引物对两种线虫种间种内分离物扩增片段的遗传分析显示：两种间群体ＲＡＰＤ扩增片段的共享度为４０％￣５６％,百在松材线虫的不同分     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫种间及种下群体的RAPD指纹分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对松材线虫（Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ）和拟松材线虫（Ｂ．ｍｕｃｒｏｎａ－ｔｕｓ）的分离物基因组ＤＮＡ进行了ＤＮＡ片段的随机扩增,以确定种间及种内群体的亲缘关系和筛选具有种鉴定特征的分子标记．通过对４０个１０聚体随机引物的筛选,应用８个引物对两种线虫种间及种内分离物扩增片段的遗传分析显示：两种间群体ＲＡＰＤ扩增片段的共享度为４０％～５６％,而在松材线虫的不同分离物之间的共享度为６０％～８４％;其中有一个引物（Ｐ２５３）可在松材线虫和拟松材线虫种间产生具有种鉴定特征的特异性ＲＡＰＤ片段,在松材线虫的不同分离物中均可产生一约７００ｂｐ的特异性片段,而在拟松材线虫中产生了两个分别约为１３００ｂｐ和１９００ｂｐ的特异性片段．     

DNA提纯方法对6种甘蔗亚族植物RAPD的影响

甘蔗植物组织内的多酚类、色素类等物质是干扰ＲＡＰＤ扩增反应的主要成分。本研究以ＣＡＴＢ法和ＳＤＳ法为基础,着重对抗氧化剂（ＰＶＰ等）、酶（蛋白酶Ｋ、ＲＮａｓｅＡ）和酚抽提等因素对提取ＤＮＡ的质量及其ＲＡＰＤ的影响进行了比较筛选。结果表明：①甘蔗ＤＮＡ提取质量和纯度与ＲＮａｓｅＡ、抗氧化剂等处理直接相关,蛋白酶Ｋ、ＣＡＴＢ和ＳＤＳ的处理无明显差异;②对于甘蔗ＲＡＰＤ反应,模板ＤＮＡ中含有一定量的ＲＮ     

桃花种质亲缘演化关系的研究——RAPD分析

利用３６个１０碱基随机引物首次对７个桃花（Ｐｒｕｎｕｓ ｐｅｒｓｉｃａ）近缘种和３０个品种进行ＲＡＰＤ反应。对选出１０个引物扩增出的具有多态性、可重复的、清晰的５６条带进行数据统计分析、ＵＰＧＡＭ聚类结果表明：毛桃（Ｐｒｕｎｕｓ ｐｅｒｓｉｃａ）和新疆桃（Ｐ．ｆｅｒｇａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）之间具有很近的亲缘关系,并与桃花品种间亲缘关系最近;寿星桃、垂枝在品种在聚类图上分别较早地聚合在一起,表明其类内具有     

利用RAPD标记鉴定豌豆栽培品种(P.sativum)和野生种(P.fulvum)

随机扩增多聚链ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）是基于聚合酶反应链（ＰＣＲ）的扩增反应。笔者应用ＲＡＰＤ技术区别Ｐ．ｓａｔｉｖｕｍ和Ｐ．ｆｕｌ－ｖｕｍ１２个品（种）系,并估测这些品（种）系之间的遗传多样性,用１２个１０－ｍｅｒ核苷酸引物扩增出１６８条染色带。估测遗传类型中遗传相似性是基于扩增产品中成对方法比较,遗传树的构建是利用无重量成组方法的平均数（ＵＰＭＧＡ）进行的。７个Ｐ．ｓａｔｉｖｕｍ栽培品种和５个Ｐ．ｆｕｌｖｕｍ材料群集为截然不同的两大组。ＲＡＰＤ的应用将为育种提供豌豆种间遗传关系资料。ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ鉴定出的物种特殊的强染色体带可以发展为稳定的物种特殊标记用于基因渗入研究。     

家蚕Y，Nl~1基因和Z染色体的RAPD分子标记研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术，对转座黄血（Ｗ~Ｙ）系统Ｙ０１０、Ｘ射线诱发染色体缺失的第１无半月纹Ｎｌ~１系统，伴性赤蚁油蚕（Ｚ~（ｓｃｈｏｄ）Ｚ~（ｓｃｈｏｄ））与７８２（Ｚ~（＋＋）Ｗ）的Ｐ_１、Ｐ_２及Ｆ_１、ＲＦ_２进行了多态性分析。结果表明，通过６０、１２０和２０５个随机引物的扩增，获得了与Ｗ~Ｙ连锁的ＯＰＧ－０３_（６５０）与Ｎｌ~１连锁的ＯＰＡ－０８_（４８０）和与Ｚ￣（＋＋）连锁的３个ＲＡＰＤ标记，初步讨论了ＲＡＰＤ技术在家蚕分子标记寻找研究上的可行性和应用前景。     

中国食蚜蝇科二新记录

中国食蚜蝇科二新记录ＴＷＯＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＯＦＳＹＲＰＨＩＤＡＥ（ＤＩＰＴＥＲＡ）ＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ作者在整理新疆毛食蚜蝇属（ＤｅｓｙｓｙｒＰｈＳＳ）标本时，发现２种为我国新记录，现记述如下：１埃氏毛食蚜蝇Ｄａｓｙｓｙａｐｈｕｓｅｇｇｅｒｉ（Ｓｃ...     

家蚕Y,Nl基因和Z染色体的RAPD分子标记研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术，对转座黄血（Ｗ＾Ｙ）系统Ｙ０１０，Ｘ射线诱发染色缺失的第１无半月纹Ｍｌ系统，伴性赤蚁油蚕（Ｚ＾ｓｃｈｏｄＺ＾ｓｃｈｏｄ）与７８２（Ｚ＾＋＋Ｗ）的Ｐ１，Ｐ２及Ｆ１，ＲＦ２进行了多态性分析，结果表明，通过６０、１２０和２０５个随引物的扩增，获得了与Ｗ＾Ｙ连锁的ＯＰＧ－０３６５０与Ｎｌ＾ｌ连锁的ＯＰＡ－０８４８０和Ｚ＾＋＋连锁的３个ＲＡＰＤ标记，初步讨论了ＲＡＰＤ技术在家蚕分子标记寻找     

苦竹类植物RAPD分析及其系统学意义

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术,分析了苦竹类植物中产于日本的大明竹Ｐｌｅｉｏｂｌａｓｔｕｓ ｇｒａｍｉｎｅｕｓ（Ｂｅａｎ）Ｎａｋａｉ、、长苦竹Ｐｌ．ｓｉｍｏｎｉｉ（Ｃａｒｒ．）Ｎａｋａｉ,中国产的苦竹Ｐｌ．ａｍａｒｕ（Ｋｅｎｇ）Ｋｅｎｇｆ．、宜兴苦竹Ｐｌ．ｙｉｘｉｎｇｅｎｉｓ Ｃｈｕ ＆Ｃｈａｏ、斑苦竹Ｐｌ．ｍａｃｕｌａｔｕ（ＭｃＣｌ．）Ｃｈｕ＆Ｃｈａｏ。采用２０个引物（１０ｂｐ）进行扩增出的ＤＮＡ片段,用于种间遗传相似性分析。结果表明：（１）苦竹与宜兴苦竹关系密切;（２）大明竹与其它４种关系较远;（３）形态为分上将中、日产苦竹分成两类没有得到ＲＡＰＤ分析的支持。     

Genetic structure of the invasive Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata populations in China

The Colorado potato beetle(CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, is an infamous invasive species worldwide. It was first found in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China in 1993 and spread to Northeast China in 2013. To better understand the genetic structure and the diffusion path of their populations in China, we used nine polymorphic microsatellite loci to elucidate the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow among nine CPB populations across Xinjiang and Northeast China. The results show that:(1) Two genetically separated clusters were identified by phylogenetic tree, principal coordinate analysis(PCoA) and Bayesian cluster method. Cluster one contained populations from Xinjiang, China. Cluster two contained populations from Northeast China. A genetic differentiation existed between the two clusters.(2) Three populations in Northeast China hold an obvious genetic differentiation according to the phylogenetic tree and PCoA, indicating that multiple introductions may occur in Northeast China.(3) The Altay population in Xinjiang showed a closer genetic relationship with the populations in Northeast China which may be due to the fact that they collectively originated in neighboring Russia.(4) Among all populations, Mulei and Wusu had obvious gene migrations from Tacheng, indicating that the inland populations are most likely to originate from Tacheng, Xinjiang.     

基于RAPD标记的新疆荒漠稻区稻水象甲遗传多样性分析

【目的】研究新疆荒漠稻区稻水象甲种群的遗传结构及入侵途径,为稻水象甲的监测、有效控制提供参考。【方法】采用RAPD分子标记,对新疆各稻区及内地北方典型稻区7个不同地理种群105头稻水象甲个体的遗传多样性进行分析。【结果】28条RAPD随机引物中筛选出7条多态性好的引物,共扩增出139条条带,多态性条带为98条,其多态性位点百分率（PPB）为70.5;。新疆伊宁察县稻水象甲地理种群基因多样性最低（PPB：46.76;、H：0.2106、I：0.3239）,黑龙江阿城最高（PPB：62.58;、H：0.3006、I：0.4450）;7个地理种群之间的Gst（基因分化系数）为0.1995,稻水象甲各种群间遗传变异为19.95;,种群内遗传变异为80.05;,不同地理种群间遗传分化水平较高。7个地理种群的UPGMA聚类结果显示：河北唐山市和吉林公主岭市的地理种群优先聚在一起,其亲缘关系最近,接着依次与黑龙江阿城市、新疆伊宁察布查尔县及霍城县完成第一个聚类;新疆乌鲁木齐市米东区和新疆五家渠市则完成第二个聚类。【结论】稻水象甲不同地理种群遗传多样性不同且存在差异。新疆荒漠稻区稻水象甲随引种、稻草、交通工具等人为的从东北传入的可能性大。     

中国西北内陆干旱区大叶白麻野生居群遗传多样性研究(英文)

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei’s gene diversity index(H),Shannon’s information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

中国西北内陆干旱区大叶白麻野生居群遗传多样性研究(英文)

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei's gene diversity index(H),Shannon's information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

Genetic Diversity in Wild Populations of Poacynum hendersonii from Inland Arid Regions of Northwest China

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei's gene diversity index(H),Shannon's information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

中国西北内陆干旱区大叶白麻野生居群遗传多样性研究

[目的]研究大叶白麻野生居群的遗传多样性。[方法]采用RAPD技术对分布于新疆、甘肃和青海的5个大叶白麻野生居群的遗传多样性水平进行检测。[结果]经筛选的20条引物共扩增出165条清晰、重复性好的DNA条带,其中多态性条带为110条,多态位点百分率(PPB)为66.67%。居群间Nei′s多样性指数为0.2205,Shannon’s信息指数为0.3047,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.9082。大叶白麻具有较高的遗传多样性水平,遗传分化主要发生在居群间。聚类分析显示居群间的相似度与分布区的地理和气候特征相关。[结论]在利用大叶白麻资源的同时,应根据各居群的品质和遗传特征,对这些居群尤其是青海居群加以保护。     

西北地区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及分布特征

利用西北地区1960~2009年25个日射站观测资料和163个常规气象站日照百分率资料,建立用日照百分率拟合太阳总辐射的估算式,对西北地区太阳总辐射量进行拟合计算,并探讨其空间分布规律。结果表明,西北地区1960~2009年太阳总辐射年总量整体呈中间高、两边低的空间分布特征。高值区位于青海柴达木盆地地区以及新疆东部和甘肃西部的青、新、甘三省交界地区,最大值在青海格尔木。2个低值区分别位于陕西和甘肃南部的秦岭以南地区以及新疆天山地区,最小值在陕西安康。从各月的空间分布情况看,各月西北地区中部的高值区和西部的低值区位置有较大变化,特别是中部的高值区具有明显的北移南撤的变化特征;东部的低值区位置无明显变化。     

我国主要粮食作物区域布局变化研究

本文结合农业新阶段我国粮食生产形势,以基于GIS的中国耕作制度分区为基础,系统分析1985年以来我国粮食作物生产的区域变化,为目前及未来一段时间内的农业区域布局提供决策依据。本文研究结果即各主要粮食作物的区域变化趋势为：水稻主要产区长江中下游区、东南区和华南区,虽然播种面积呈下降趋势,而且在作物总播种面积中占的比例有所下降,但仍然处于绝对优势地位,分别占各区总播种面积的60％-70％,作为首要产区的长江中下游区的区位生产系数有所下降,东南区和华南区的区位系数呈上升趋势;小麦主产区黄淮海区和西北区在作物总播种面积中处于绝对优势地位,分别占总播种面积的50％左右,尤其黄淮海区占有绝对的优势地位,区位系数2000年上升为1．0616;玉米的主要产区为东北区和黄淮海区,东北区的玉米播种面积略有下降,但在该区播种面积比例仍然最大,占总播种面积的40％左右,东北区和黄淮海区的玉米产量在全国占绝对的优势地位,但两区的玉米生产区位系数有下降的趋势;大豆也以东北区为主要产区,播种面积比例最大,2000年占总播种面积30％．该区大豆总产量也呈持续增长态势,但区位生产系数略有下降。     

Analysis on Genetic Relationship of Oxya chinensis and Oxya japonica from Xuzhou and Pingshan, China

Genetic relationship among Oxya chinensis populations and Oxya japonica populations collected from Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Pingshan County, Hebei Province, China were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers. A total of 125 DNA bands ranging from 200 to 2 200 bp were amplified by 10 random primers in DNA samples from 43 grasshopper individuals. One hundred and twenty-three （99%） of these bands were polymorphic. Shannon＇s index showed that the genetic, diversity within O. chinensis （0.3432） was higher than that of O. japonica （0.2781）. Nei＇s genetic distance between O. chinensis population and O. japonica population from the same area was less than that between populations from two different areas. The dendrogram based on Nei＇s genetic distance of RAPD markers was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic average （UPGMA） and Neighbor-Joining （NJ） methods. Cluster analysis indicated that all the individuals were grouped into two main clusters. O. chinensis populations from Xuzhou and Pingshan formed one cluster, and O. japonica populations from the two regions belonged to another cluster. The results demonstrated that RAPD can detect within species, and among closely related species. polymorphisms to distinguish minor difference among individuals     

中国北方地区春玉米干旱的时间演变特征和空间分布规律

【目的】研究北方地区春玉米各生育阶段干旱年代际演变特征及空间分布规律。【方法】基于研究区域1961—2010年291个气象站点的逐日气象资料以及春玉米生育期资料,利用农业干旱指标作物水分亏缺指数（CWDI）,明确了研究区域春玉米干旱的年代际演变特征及空间分布规律。【结果】西北地区春玉米水分亏缺指数年际间波动平稳,华北和东北地区在20世纪80和90年代波动较为剧烈;华北地区春玉米水分亏缺指数在抽雄—成熟阶段明显低于其余两个阶段,东北、西北地区各生育阶段变化不明显;华北中部地区干旱等级的年代间波动明显。北方地区春玉米干旱等级和干旱发生频率的空间分布均呈现西高东低、北高南低的形势,西北地区最高、华北地区次之,东北地区最低;各旱级干旱频率的空间分布以特旱和轻旱最为明显,其中特旱主要集中发生在新疆大部、甘肃北部、内蒙古西北部等地区,发生频率在3年2遇以上,而轻旱主要集中在东北大部、华北大部以及西北东南部地区,发生频率在5年1遇以上。中旱和特旱主要集中发生在华北地区以及西北东部地区,频率均在5年1遇以上,并且随生育阶段更替有减轻的趋势。【结论】北方地区春玉米农业干旱指标CWDI年代间波动以华北、东北地区较为剧烈,且从20世纪80年代以来波动有上升的趋势。干旱的等级和频率空间分布均呈现明显的东西向分布。各旱级中特旱频率呈西高东低分布,生育后期在区域上呈扩大趋势,轻旱频率呈东高西低分布,生育后期有加重趋势,中旱和重旱频率呈中高东西低分布,生育后期在区域和程度上均呈下降趋势;生育阶段间旱级变化敏感的区域主要是新疆北部和华北中部地区。