水稻第6染色体短臂产量性状QTL簇的分解

【目的】将水稻第6染色体短臂上产量性状QTL分解到更小的区间中。【方法】从珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系群体筛选到针对第6染色体短臂RM587-RM19784区间的剩余杂合体,衍生了一个由221个株系组成的F2:3群体,种植于海南和浙江两地,考察每株穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、千粒重、结实率和单株产量,建立SSR标记连锁图,应用Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5检测QTL。【结果】在所分析的6个性状中,除穗数外在第6染色体短臂上的目标区间均检测到QTL,分别座落于目标区域中3个以上的不同区间中,单个QTL对群体性状表型变异的贡献率为6.3%～35.2%;控制产量构成因子的QTL基本以加性作用为主,但3个单株产量QTL的显性度分别为1.65、0.84和0.42。【结论】目标区间存在3个以上的产量性状QTL,且同一区间控制不同性状的QTL、不同区间控制同一个性状的QTL在遗传作用模式、效应方向和效应大小上存在一定差异。     

籼稻不同定位群体的抽穗期和株高QTL比较研究

 【目的】通过分析控制不同定位群体水稻抽穗期、株高和产量性状表现的QTL,挖掘同时控制株高与产量性状且对抽穗期影响小的QTL区间,为水稻高产育种提供参考。【方法】以杂交稻恢复系密阳46作为共同父本,分别与保持系协青早B和珍汕97B配组,构建2个籼籼交重组自交系群体,在同一地点多年种植,对不同群体抽穗期和株高相关的QTL定位结果进行比较。【结果】共定位到12个抽穗期QTL和11个株高QTL,其中2个抽穗期QTL在2个群体中都能检测到,分别位于第6染色体短臂和第7染色体长臂近着丝粒区域。通过与前期相同群体产量性状QTL定位结果比较,发现6个多效性区间,其中,1个同时控制抽穗期、株高和产量性状,3个同时控制抽穗期和产量性状,2个同时控制株高和产量性状。【结论】相对于共同的父本密阳46,水稻矮败型保持系协青早B与野败型保持系珍汕97B对抽穗期和株高的遗传控制存在较大差异,并以株高更为明显。第2染色体长臂RM6—RM240的QTL作用较稳定,对株高和产量性状作用方向一致,且对抽穗期无显著影响,对于通过“矮中求高”实现水稻高产育种具有重要的应用价值。     

Dissection of QTLs for Yield Traits on the Short Arm of Rice Chromosome 6

This study was undertaken to dissect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） controlling yield traits on the short arm of rice chromosome 6. A residual heterozygous line that carries a heterozygous segment extending from RM587 to RM19784 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 was selected from an F7 population of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. An F2：3 population consisting of 221 lines was derived and grown in two trial sites. Six yield traits including number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, total number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant were measured. An SSR marker linkage map was constructed and employed to determine QTLs for yield traits with Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5. QTLs were detected in the target interval for all the traits analyzed except NP, with phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranging between 6.3% and 35.2%. Most of the QTLs for yield components acted as additive QTLs, while the three QTLs for grain yield had dominance degrees of 1.65, 0.84, and -0.42, respectively. It was indicated that three or more QTLs for yield traits were located in the target region. The genetic action mode, the direction of the QTL effect, and the magnitude of the QTL effect varied among different QTLs for a given trait, and among QTLs for different traits that were located in the same interval.     

Molecular Mapping of QTLs for Cold Tolerance at the Budburst Period in Rice

The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cold tolerance at the budburst period (CTBP) was identified using a F2:3 population including 200 lines derived from a cross of indica and japonica Milyang23/Jilengl. A molecular linkage map of 97 SSR markers was constructed using interval mapping and covered a total length of 1 357.3 cM with an average distance of 13.99cM, between adjacent markers in rice genome. The CTBP of F3 lines was evaluated at 5℃, and the survival seedling rate after treating under low temperature at the budburst period was used as cold tolerance index for CTBP. A continuous distribution near to normal for CTBP was observed in F3 lines, CTBP is a quantitative trait which was controlled by some genes. Three QTLs on chromosomes 2, 4 and 7 which are associated with CTBP were detected on location of RM6-RM240, RM273-RM303, RM214-RMll, respectively,which explained the range of the observed phenotypic variance from 11.5 to 20.5%. qCTBP4detected on RM273-RM303 of chromosome 4 explained 20.5% of the observed phenotypic variance. The effect of qCTBP4's allelic gene comes from Jileng 1.     

水稻叶绿素含量的动态QTL剖析

为剖析水稻叶绿素不同时期的发育动态规律及其遗传机制,以沈农265和丽江新团黑谷的粳-粳交重组自交系为材料,对水稻分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期的叶绿素含量进行动态QTL分析.共检测22个条件QTL和14个非条件 QTL,分布在第5条染色体以外的11条染色体上.控制分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期叶绿素含量的条件QTL分别有5个、7个和10个;控制分蘖期-抽穗期和抽穗期-成熟期叶绿素含量的非条件QTL各有7个.进一步分析表明,在叶绿素含量动态发育的不同阶段,控制叶绿素含量QTLs的数目、效应及作用方式不同,反映出叶绿素生物合成过程的复杂性.与其他研究比较发现,定位在第1染色体 RM428-RM580区段、第3染色体RM426-RM514区段、第4染色体RM470-RM559区段、第8染色体RM408-RM25区段和第9染色体RM566-RM242区段的位点可以在不同群体和不同环境下稳定表达.其中,第3染色体上 qCT3a、qCH3、qCM3以及第9染色体qCT9、qCH9b和qCH9等区域是提高叶绿素含量的重要功能区.对这些区域开发稳定并易于检测的分子标记,可用于培育高产新品种     

QTL mapping of grain appearance quality traits and grain weight using a recombinant inbred population in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Grain appearance quality traits,measured as grain length(GL),grain width(GW),length to width ratio(LWR),grain thickness(GT) and the percentage of grain with chalkiness(PGWC),as well as 1 000-grain weight(TGW),are very important factors that contribute to rice grain quality and yield.To detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) affecting these traits,we developed a set of recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from Gang46B(G46B) and K1075,a G46 B introgression line with lower PGWC.Based on a linkage map containing 33 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers,a total of 15 additive QTLs governing six measured traits were identified on 4 chromosomes across two environments.Of these,the five major QTLs which controlled GW,LWR,GT,PGWC,and TGW,each explaining up to 44.30,55.29,62.30,30.94,and 28.78%of the variation,respectively,were found in the same interval of RM18004-RM18068 on chromosome 5.The G46 B alleles contributed to the increase in GW,GT and PGWC at all loci,as well as the increase in TGW at its major QTL locus.Significant interactions between additive QTL and the environment were found at most loci,in which the largest,accounting for15.06%of variation,was observed between qPGWC-5 and the environment.A total of 15 epistasis QTLs were detected for all the traits,and GL,GW and PGWC had significant epistasis QTLs based on environment interactions with minor effects.These results are valuable for future map-based cloning of the QTLs and the collaborative improvement of G46 B in grain appearance quality and yield.     

水稻芽期耐冷性QTL的分子定位

 以籼粳交密阳23号/吉冷1号的F2：3 代200个家系作为作图群体，构建了一张含有97个微卫星 （SSR）标记的分子连锁图谱。在5℃低温条件下，对F3家系进行芽期耐冷性鉴定，并利用SSR标记进行了芽期耐冷性数量性状位点（QTL）分析。研究结果表明，芽期耐冷性在F3家系群中呈单峰连续分布，表现为由多基因控制的数量性状；共检测到与芽期耐冷性有关的QTL 3个，分别位于第2、4 和7染色体上，对表型变异的贡献率范围为11.5%～20.5%。其中，位于第4染色体RM273～RM303的qCTBP4对表型变异的贡献率最大。     

水、旱稻氮高效QTL定位及其表达的遗传背景效应研究

【目的】挖掘不同来源水、旱稻亲本的氮高效优良等位变异,研究氮高效QTL表达的遗传背景效应,为水稻氮高效QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论依据。【方法】以旱稻IAPAR-9分别与水稻辽盐241和秋光杂交而创制的2个F7粳粳交重组自交系群体为试验材料,进行了水稻全生育期氮素利用率及其相关性状的QTL定位分析。【结果】在"IAPAR-9/辽盐241"重组自交系群体中检测出31个氮素利用率相关性状的QTL,分布于除第6、第7和第10染色体外的9条染色体上,氮素利用率相关QTL成簇分布区间有9个;在"IAPAR-9/秋光"重组自交系群体中检测出33个氮素利用率相关性状的QTL,分布于除第4和第10染色体外的10条染色体上,氮素利用率相关QTL成簇分布区间有7个。【结论】氮素利用率相关性状QTL的表达,受遗传背景影响较大。2个群体均检测到的氮素利用率相关性状QTL的成簇分布区间,即第2染色体上的RM3421—RM5404区间以及第8染色体上RM8264所在的相邻区间,可能对水稻氮高效分子标记辅助选择育种有重要利用价值。     

利用2个相关群体定位和比较水稻株高与抽穗期QTL

利用一个共同亲本构建的2个重组自交系群体对控制水稻株高和抽穗期进行基因定位和比较分析。结果表明:2个群体共定位到11个控制抽穗期的数量性状位点(QTLs)和11个株高QTLs。控制抽穗期的主效QTL在珍汕97/南洋占群体内位于第7染色体RM500-RM445标记之间;在珍汕97/德陇208群体内定位于第7染色体RMRG4499-RM445标记之间。而控制株高的主效QTL在2个群体中分别定位于第1染色体RM472-RM104之间和第7染色体MRG4499-RM445之间。比较定位结果发现,抽穗期主效QTL在2个群体内都被定位于第7染色体中部位置并且有共同标记RM445,很有可能是同一个基因。说明抽穗期是由主效QTL控制的数量性状,遗传稳定。株高主效QTL在珍汕97/南洋占群体内被定位于第1染色体接近末端标记RM104附近。在珍汕97/德陇208群体内则定位于第7染色体,与该群体控制抽穗期QTL共享RM445标记。     

Quantitative Trait Loci for Panicle Size and Grain Yield Detected in Interval RM111-RM19 784 on the Short Arm of Rice Chromosome 6

A rice residual heterozygous line （RHL） carrying a heterozygous segment extending from RM111 to RM19784 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 was selected from a RHL-derived population used previously. The resultant F2：3 population was used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for three yield traits, the number of spikelets per panicle （NSP）, the number of grains per panicle （NGP） and grain yield per plant （GY）. Two QTLs for NSP, one QTL for NGP and one QTL for GY were detected, all of which were partially dominant and had the enhancing alleles from the maternal line Zhenshan 97B. Analysis based on the genotypic groups of the markers closely linked to the two QTLs for NSP indicated that they did not interact with each other. Two F2 populations and two near isogenic line （NIL） sets segregating in two sub-regions of interval RM111-RM19784 were developed. The two QTLs for NSP were validated, of which one had major effect and was co-segregated with heading date gene Hdl, and the other had smaller effect and was located in an upper region linked to Hdl. The two regions also showed significant effects on the number of filled grain and grain yield, although the effect on the number of filled grain was less consistent.     

利用单片段代换系定位水稻粒形QTL

 【目的】水稻谷粒形状（粒长、粒宽和长宽比）是衡量稻米外观品质的重要指标之一，为更好地开展粒形分子育种，对水稻粒形QTL进行分子定位。【方法】以单片段代换系（SSSL）为材料构建分离群体，利用微卫星标记对控制水稻谷粒长和谷粒宽的2个粒形QTL进行分子定位。【结果】粒宽QTL Gw-8被定位于第8染色体长臂末端微卫星标记RM502与RM447之间, 遗传距离均为0.3 cM。在此基础上构建了覆盖Gw-8的物理图谱，RM502与RM447位于同一克隆AP005529，两者之间的物理距离为55.0 kb。粒长QTL gl-3被定位于第3染色体着丝粒附近的微卫星标记RM6146和PSM377之间，遗传距离分别为1.5 cM和11.0 cM。【结论】利用单片段代换系能准确地定位水稻粒形QTL，这两个粒形QTL的定位为其克隆及稻米外观品质的分子育种奠定了基础。     

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Traits in Japonica Rice

Quantitative trait loci（QTLs） of grain traits were detected to provide theoretical basis for fine mapping and molecular marker-assisted breeding of grain traits in japonica rice.Using an F2 population including 200 individuals derived from a cross combination between two japonica rice DL115 with large grain and XL005 with small grain,the grain length,grain width,grain thickness,ratio of grain length to width and 1 000-grain weight were evaluated in Beijing;and the quantitative trait loci for above five grain traits were identified by composite interval mapping using SSR markers.The results showed that the five grain traits exhibited a normal continuous distribution in F2 population,indicating they were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.A total of 16 QTLs conferring the five grain traits were detected on chromosomes 2,3,5 and 12,respectively.Eight QTLs,namely qGL3a,qGW2,qGW5,qGT2,qRLW2,qRLW3,qGWT2 and qGWT3,were major QTLs and explained 15.42,40.89,13.54,33.43,13.82,13.61,12.51 and 10.1% of the observed phenotypic variance,respectively.Among them,qGW2,qGT2,qRLW2 and qGWT2 were mapped in same interval RM12776-RM324 on chromosome 2.The marker interval RM12776-RM324 on chromosome 2 was common marker intervals of four major QTLs,and the two SSR markers RM12776 and RM324 would be used in molecular markerassisted breeding in japonica rice.The modes of gene action were mainly additive and partial dominance.Four QTLs＇ alleles were derived from small grain parent XL005,and other 12 QTLs＇ alleles were derived from large grain parent DL115.The alleles from larger parent were showed significant effects to grain length,grain width,grain thickness and 1 000-grain weight.     

Comparison and analysis of QTLs for grain and hull thickness related traits in two recombinant inbred line(RIL) populations in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Grain traits are major constraints in rice production, which are key factors in determining grain yield and market values. This study used two recombinant inbred line(RIL) populations, RIL-JJ(japonica/japonica) and RIL-IJ(indica/japonica) derived from the two crosses Shennong 265/Lijiangxintuanheigu(SN265/LTH) and Shennong 265/Luhui 99(SN265/LH99). Sixty-eight quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with 10 grain traits were consistently detected on the 12 chromosomes across different populations and two environments. Although 61.75% of the QTLs clustered together across two populations, only 16.17% could be detected across two populations. Eight major QTLs were detected on the 9, 10 and 12 chromosomes in RIL-JJ under two environments, a novel QTL clustered on the 10 chromosome, q GT10, q BT10 and q TGW10, have a higher percentage of explained phenotypic variation(PVE) and additive effect; 15 major QTLs were detected on the 5, 8, 9, and 11 chromosomes in RIL-IJ under two environments, a novel clustered QTL, q GT8 and q TGW8, on the 8 chromosome have a higher additive effect. Finally, the analysis of major QTL-BSA mapping narrowed the q TGW10 to a 1.47-Mb region flanked by simple sequence repeat markers RM467 and RM6368 on chromosome 10. A comparison of QTLs for grain traits in two different genetic backgrounds recombinant inbred line populations confirmed that genetic background had a significant impact on grain traits. The identified QTLs were stable across different populations and various environments, and 29.42% of QTLs controlling grain traits were reliably detected in different environments. Fewer QTLs were detected for brown rice traits than for paddy rice traits, 7 and 17 QTLs for brown rice out of 25 and 43 QTLs under RIL-JJ and RILIJ populations, respectively. The identification of genes constituting the QTLs will help to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying grain shape.     

利用染色体片段置换系定位水稻粒型QTL

水稻粒型是衡量稻米外观品质的重要指标之一,鉴定和定位水稻粒型QTL对开展水稻粒型分子育种具有重要意义.本研究以8个染色体片段置换系为材料,选用分布水稻12条染色体上的153个SSR标记检测染色体片段置换系的置换片段,采用代换作图法对控制水稻粒型的3个主效QTL进行定位.结果表明:153个SSR标记中有104个标记在亲本间具有多态性,多态率为68.0%;8个染色体片段置换系在第3和第5染色体分别有6个和2个置换片段,置换片段长度分别为14.8 cM、16.6 cM、 15.5 cM、18.9 cM、29.1 cM、35.0 cM、17.9 cM 和17.0 cM,平均长度为20.6 cM;8个置换片段上共鉴定出3个粒型QTL,控制粒长的qGL-3-1 和qGL-3-2分别被界定在水稻第3染色体RM5551与RM6832及RM6832与RM3513之间,遗传距离分别为14.8 cM和5.3 cM的范围内,控制粒宽的qGW-5被界定在水稻第5染色体RM267与RM169之间遗传距离约11.7 cM的范围内.利用染色体片段置换系能准确地定位水稻粒型QTL,qGL-3-1、qGL-3-2和qGW-5的鉴定和初步定位为其进一步精细定位及分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础.     

TD70/Kasalath RIL群体定位水稻穗部主要性状的QTL(英文)

利用穗部性状存在明显差异的粳稻TD70和籼稻品种Kasalath杂交,经单粒传法获得的240个重组自交系(RIL)为作图群体,分别于2010和2011年对穗长每穗总粒数和着粒密度进行鉴定,用完备区间作图法,以均匀分布于12条染色体的141个SSR标记对粒型性状进行QTL检测结果表明,共检测到3个性状的QTL23个,其中控制穗长的5个QTL每穗总粒数的8个QTL着粒密度的10个QTL,分布在第2、3、4、6、7、8、9和10染色体上,LOD值范围为2.5~9.3,单个QTL的贡献率介于4.0%~20.8%之间第2染色体的RM5699-RM424第3染色体的RM489-RM1278第4染色体的RM3367-RM1018和第6染色体的RM3343-RM412区间,都检测到同时影响每穗总粒数着粒密度的QTL,2年均被检测到的QTL共有6个QTL,分别是控制穗长的qPL3每穗总粒数的qTSP4、qTSP6-2、qTSP7着粒密度的qGD3-2、qGD7其中qPL3qTSP6-2qGD3-2和qGD7为主效QTL除穗长性状5个位点均有报道外,其余2个性状中均发现新的位点,共有16个QTL可能是新的位点,单个QTL贡献率为4.0%~9.5%本研究为进一步精细定位或克隆这些粒型QTL奠定了基础。     

“外选35”和“七丝占”重组自交系群体抗稻瘟病QTL的初步定位

 ：以中国华南地区曾普遍使用的抗瘟性水稻材料外选35和广东最早的优质食味好的品种七丝占为亲本材料，建立的重组自交系群体。利用广东省水稻育种新技术暨农业部水稻遗传改良重点实验室分离的广东稻区稻瘟菌ZC-13和ZC-15两个小种进行单小种接种鉴定抗瘟性，利用QTLmapper 2.0进行抗瘟性QTL定位分析。结果共检测到2个QTL，均位于第12号染色体的RM117-RM179区间。对由外选35育成的7个抗性品种进行检测分析，所选的品种该区段均来源于外选35，初步验证该区段可能含抗稻瘟病位点。     

盐、碱胁迫条件下粳稻Na~+、K~+浓度的QTL分析

【目的】水稻栽培区土壤的盐、碱化日趋严重,植物体内Na+、K+浓度及Na+/K+是植物耐盐、碱性重要指标。在盐、碱胁迫条件下检测水稻苗期地上部和根部的Na+、K+浓度及Na+/K+的QTL位点,为水稻的耐盐、碱性遗传机制及分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。【方法】以优质高产水稻品种东农425与耐盐、碱水稻品种长白10为亲本构建重组自交系(RIL)为作图群体,利用102对SSR标记构建遗传连锁图谱,该图谱覆盖水稻基因组约1 915.05 c M,标记间平均距离为18.77 c M;在140 mmol·L-1 Na Cl盐胁迫和0.15%Na2CO3碱胁迫处理条件下,对水稻苗期地上部和根部的Na+、K+浓度及Na+/K+等性状进行测定,利用SPSS v19.0对各性状进行相关分析,并采用QTL Ici Mapping v3.3的完备区间作图法(ICIM)进行QTL定位。【结果】盐、碱胁迫条件下,亲本及RIL群体地上部Na+、K+浓度均高于地下部Na+、K+浓度,各性状在RIL群体中基本符合正态分布,表现出典型的数量性状遗传特征,符合QTL定位要求。相关分析结果表明,盐、碱胁迫条件下,地上部Na+与K+及根部Na+与K+均呈极显著正相关,2种胁迫条件下的各性状相关性不显著。盐、碱胁迫条件下共检测到15个与Na+、K+浓度和Na+/K+相关的QTL,2种条件下所检测到的QTL位于不同染色体区域。在盐胁迫下共检测到5个QTL,包括1个与地上部K+浓度相关QTL,位于第8染色体的RM1308—RM281区间内,贡献率为6.83%;3个与根部Na+浓度相关QTL,位于第3和第8染色体上,其中q SRNC3-1贡献率最大,为16.41%;1个与根部K+浓度相关QTL,贡献率为3.52%;未检测到与地上部Na+浓度、Na+/K+及根部Na+/K+相关的QTL。在碱胁迫下共检测到10个QTL,包括1个与地上部Na+浓度相关的QTL,位于第2染色体的RM1347—RM48区间内,贡献率为14.41%;1个与地上部K+浓度相关QTL,位于第2染色体的RM1255—RM213区间内;3个与地上部Na+/K+相关QTL,分别位于第2、7、10染色体上,其中q ASNK2贡献率最大,为7.57%;1个与根部Na+浓度相关QTL,位于第3染色体的RM293—RM232区间内,贡献率为13.71%;2个与根部K+含量相关QTL,分别位于第1染色体的RM5—RM9和第2染色体的RM12865—RM12941区间内;2个与根部Na+/K+相关QTL,分别位于在第3和第4染色体上,其中q ARNK3贡献率较大,为10.48%。通过比较图谱发现,本研究中的大部分QTL与以往不同群体中影响耐盐、碱相关性状的QTL定位在同一或相邻的染色体区域,另外在碱胁迫下所检测到的q ASKC2和q ARKC2在前人研究中未见报道,可能存在新的耐碱性位点。【结论】在盐、碱胁迫条件下,Na+、K+的吸收和运输均是平行而独立的过程,且根部对Na+和K+的吸收与向地上部运输存在不同的遗传机制;盐、碱胁迫条件下,水稻Na+、K+浓度的遗传是相互独立的。     

水稻叶绿素含量的QTL及其与环境互作分析

 研究的主要目的是通过QTL分析对水稻叶片叶绿素含量进行遗传剖析。应用由247个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系群体及其含207个分子标记的连锁图谱。分别在2002年和2003年考察亲本和重组自交系群体剑叶、倒二叶、倒三叶叶绿素a和b的含量，采用QTL Mapper 1.6统计软件进行QTL定位、上位性分析及其与环境的互作效应分析。在4个标记区间共检测到控制不同叶位叶绿素a、b含量的8个QTL，单个QTL的表型变异贡献率为1.96% 9.77%，其中2个QTL与环境之间存在显著互作；检测到9对影响叶绿素a、b含量的加性 加性上位性互作，其中1对具有显著的上位性 环境互作效应。与该群体产量性状QTL的研究结果相比较，发现每个产量性状都有QTL与控制叶绿素含量的QTL位于相同的染色体标记区间。     

水稻粒厚主效位点qGT8精细定位和候选基因分析

【目的】在已鉴定的稻谷粒长、粒宽和粒厚QTL的基础上,对控制粒厚的主效QTL进行精细定位和候选基因分析,以解析川106B（C-106B）细长粒形的遗传基础,为进一步通过分子技术改良其产量水平提供科学依据。【方法】以细长粒形的优质籼稻保持系川106B与籽粒较宽厚的籼稻保持系川345B（C-345B）杂交,构建包含182个单株的F2群体,采用QTL Catographer v2.5软件基于复合区间作图法发掘与稻谷粒形性状相关的QTL;进一步从BC₃F₂群体筛选隐性单株（稻谷厚度较薄）对粒厚主效QTL（qGT8）进行精细定位,并对候选基因进行测序和荧光定量PCR分析。分别构建qGT8位点携带川106B等位基因的近等基因系（NIL-gt8^C-106B）和携带川345B等位基因的近等基因系（NIL-GT8^C-345B）并调查其稻米外观品质及产量性状。【结果】川106B和川345B的粒长、粒宽和粒厚表型存在显著差异。利用F₂群体检测到2个粒长QTL、3个粒宽QTL和3个粒厚QTL,其中,位于第7染色体区间RM21892-RM3589的粒长主效QTL（qGL7）可解释粒长变异的68.23%,川106B等位基因在该位点可增加粒长0.47 mm。控制稻谷粒宽和粒厚的主效QTL（qGW8和qGT8）位于第8染色体上相同区间RM6070-RM447,分别解释相应表型变异的26.48%和34.89%,增加粒宽或粒厚的等位基因均来自于川345B。利用1 732个BC₃F₂隐性单株,将粒厚主效位点qGT8精细定位在标记SG930和SG950间的11.2 kb区段,该区段仅包含1个注释基因LOC_os08g41940（OsSPL16）。对该基因测序分析发现,川106B和川345B在起始密码子ATG上游2 kb区段存在7个差异位点,在编码区有5个多态性位点,其中,川106B在第3外显子插入2 bp（c.1006_1007 插入CT）引起移码突变,且位于qGT8的OsmiR156结合位点,推测为川106B籽粒厚度变薄、宽度变细的关键位点。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,qGT8在幼穗中表达量较高,且在川106B和川345B中的表达方式相似,表达量在1-8 cm长幼穗发育时期随幼穗发育逐渐增加,8 cm时达到最高,之后随幼穗发育逐渐降低,但2个亲本在各时期的表达水平存在差异。近等基因系NIL-GT8^C-345B的粒厚、粒宽、千粒重、单株产量和垩白粒率显著高于NIL-gt8^C-106B,而粒长、透明度、株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗实粒数、结实率和播抽期与NIL-gt8^C-106B相当。【结论】控制粒长的主效QTL（qGL7）位于第7染色体区间RM21892-RM3589,控制粒宽和粒厚的主效QTL位于第8染色体的相同区间RM6070-RM447。粒厚主效QTL（qGT8）被精细定位在仅包含GW8的片段上,是控制粒形和产量的关键基因,但在近等基因系中高粒重与高垩白紧密连锁,表明该位点存在高产与外观品质改良的矛盾。     

水、旱稻千粒重和产量QTL效应的验证

 【目的】验证水稻和旱稻千粒重、单株产量QTL定位的真实性、准确性及其表型效应。【方法】（1）利用水、旱稻杂交、回交所产生的BC1、F2 3个分离群体对重组自交系（RIL）群体定位到的千粒重、单株产量的QTL效应进行选择验证。（2）依据千粒重、单株产量QTL两侧的分子标记按双标记、单标记进行选择验证。【结果】（1）千粒重、单株产量QTL在不同群体、不同的遗传背景中的遗传稳定，表型效应明显。旱田种植条件下，2个回交群体和自交育种群体携带有千粒重QTL tgw6.1有利等位基因的个体与没有携带tgw6.1有利等位基因个体的均值差为3.18～3.62 g，均达到极显著水平，表型效应为13.94%～18.15%；携带有单株产量QTL yp6.1有利等位基因的个体与没有携带yp6.1有利等位基因个体的单株产量均值差为5.04～8.18 g，达到显著或极显著水平，表型效应为34.89%～58.88%。（2）QTL标记区间较大（如本研究中的标记区间，13.5 cM）时，利用双标记选择更为可靠；标记与QTL距离较小（如本研究中的RM527，1.5 cM）时，利用靠近QTL的单侧标记进行选择也可以获得较好效果。此外，本文还就QTL定位中的一因多效现象及MAS对数量性状选择的有效性等进行了讨论。【结论】利用QTL分子标记辅助选择提高抗旱等复杂性状的选择效率是可行的。