Grafting Increases the Copper Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings by Improvement of Polyamine Contents and Enhancement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity

The aim of the study is to determine whether grafting could improve antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine contents in leaves of cucumber plants（Cucumis sativus L.cv.Xintaimici） under copper stress.Grafted（using Cucurbita ficifolia as rootstock） and ungrafted cucumber seedlings were cultured in deep flow technique（DFT） with the Cu2＋ concentration of 40 μmol L-1.The results showed that on the 9th day of copper stress treatment,the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,superoxide radical（） producing rate,and electrolyte leakage percentage were significantly lower in grafted seedlings in comparison to those of the ungrafted seedlings,whereas the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase（SOD,EC 1.15.1.1）,peroxidase（POD,EC 1.11.1.7）,ascorbate peroxidase（APX,EC 1.11.1.11）,catalase（CAT,EC 1.11.1.6）,glutathione reductase（GR,EC 1.6.4.2）,and monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR,EC 1.6.5.4） of grafted seedlings were also significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings,and the contents of free proline and soluble protein of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings.Cu2＋ treatment increased the putrescine（Put） level and lowered the spermidine（Spd） and spermine（Spm） levels,thereby reducing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves of grafted and ungrafted seedlings.Grafting markedly reversed these Cu-induced effects for all three PAs and partially restored the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves.These results suggest that grafting can enhance the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to Cu2＋ stress by increasing the activities of antioxidants and the levels of endogenous Spd and Spm,decreasing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio and the levels of ROS,promoting free proline and soluble protein synthesis in cucumber seedling leaves.     

Changes of Antioxidative Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Leaves and Roots of Waterlogging-Tolerant and Waterlogging-Sensitive Maize Genotypes at Seedling Stage

To better understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance, waterlogging effects on lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidative enzymes were investigated in leaves and roots of two maize genotypes, HZ32 （waterlogging-tolerant） and K12 （waterlogging-sensitive）. Potted maize plants were waterlogged at the second leaf stage under glasshouse conditions. Leaves and roots were harvested 1 d before and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 d after the start of waterlogging treatment. Through comparing the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, glutathione reductase （GR）, catalase （CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase （POD） between waterlogging-tolerant and waterloggingsensitive genotype, we deduced that CAT was the most important H2O2 scavenging enzyme in leaves, while APX seemed to play a key role in roots. POD, APX, GR and CAT activities in conjunction with SOD seem to play an essential protective role in the O2^- and H2O2 scavenging process. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced significantly only in K12 （P 〈 0.001） and there was no difference （P 〉 0.05） in HZ32 up to 6 d after waterlogging stress. These results indicated that oxidative stress may play an important role in waterlogging-stressed maize plants and that the greater protection of HZ32 leaves and roots from waterlogging-induced oxidative damage results, at least in part, through the maintenance of increased antioxidant enzyme activity.     

Ameliorative Effects of Brassinosteroid on Excess Manganese-Induced Oxidative Stress in Zea mays L. Leaves

Manganese （Mn） is becoming an important factor limiting crop growth and yields especially on acid soils. The present study was designed to explore the hypothesis that brassinosteroid application can enhance the tolerance of maize （Zea mays L.） to Mn stress and if so, whether or not the mechanism underlying involves regulation of antioxidative metabolism in leaves. The effects of 24-epibrassinosteroid （EBR） on the growth, photosynthesis, water status, lipid peroxidation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and activities or contents of antioxidant defense system in maize plants under Mn stress were investigated by a pot experiment. At supplemented Mn concentrations of 150-750 mg kg^-1 soil, the growth of plants was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. The semi-lethal concentration was 550 mg Mn kgq soil. Foliage application with 0.1 mg L^-1 EBR significantly reduced the decrease in dry mass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf water content, and water potential of plants grown in the soil spiked with 550 mg kg^-1 Mn. The oxidative stress caused by excess Mn, as reflected by the increase in malondialdehyde （MDA） content and lipoxygenase （LOX, EC 1.13.11.12） activity, accumulation of superoxide radical and H2O2, was greatly decreased by EBR treatment. Further investigations revealed that EBR application enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.15.1.1）, peroxidase （POD, EC 1.11.1.7）, catalase （EC 1.11.1.6）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX, EC 1.11. 1.11）, dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1）, and glutathione reductase （GR, EC 1.6.4.2）, and the contents of reduced ascorbate and glutathione, compared with the plants without EBR treatment. It is concluded that the ameliorative effects of EBR on Mn toxicity are due to the upregulation of antioxidative capacity in maize under Mn stress.     

Effects of Exogenous Silicon on Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Chloroplast of Cucumber Seedlings Under Excess Manganese

Effects of silicon on photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzymes of chloroplast in cucumber seedlings under excess Mn were studied. Compared with the control, excess Mn significantly inhibited net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance, as well as the maximum yield of the photosystem II photochemical reactions （Fv/Fm） and the quantum yield of photosysytem II electron transport （Φ PSII）, application of Si reversed the negative effects of excess Mn. In the further investigation, it was obtained that application of Si significantly increased the activities of enzymes related with ascorbate-glutathione cycle including ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR） and glutathione reductase （GR） in cucumber chloroplast under excess Mn, this could be responsible for the lower accumulation of H2O2 and lower lipid peroxidation of chloroplast induced by Mn, and resulted in keeping higher photosynthesis.     

Effects of Exogenous Silicon on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Chilling-Stressed Cucumber Leaves

In order to increase vegetable productivity by improving environmental conditions, this article investigates the effects of exogenous silicon on the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and on lipid peroxidation under chilling stress, and it examines whether silicon-induced chilling tolerance is mediated by an increase in antioxidant activity. Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun 4 was hydroponically cultivated to the two-leaf stage, at which point seedlings were watered with different concentrations of silicon （0, 0.1 and 1 mmol L^-1） and separately exposed to normal （25/18℃） or chilling （15/8℃） temperatures for six days under low light （100μmol m^-2 s^-9. Data were collected from the second leaves on the percentage of withering and the levels of endogenous silicon, malondialdehyde （MDA）, hydrogen peroxide （H202）, superoxide radical （O2^.-）, superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.15.1.1）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX, EC 1.11.1.11）, monodehydroascorbate reductase （MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4）, glutathione reductase （GR, EC 1.6.4.2）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and ascorbate （AsA）. Compared to normal temperatures, chilling resulted in partially withered leaves and increased MDA content. When 0.1 or 1 mmol L^-1 exogenous silicon was combined with chilling, the withering of the cucumber leaves was reduced relative to the original chilling treatment, while the endogenous silicon content was increased, antioxidants such as SOD, GSH-Px, APX, MDHAR, GR, GSH, and AsA were more active, and the levels of H2O2, O2^.-, and MDA were lower. We propose that exogenous silicon leads to greater deposition of endogenous silicon and thereby increases antioxidant activities and reduces lipid peroxidation induced by chilling.     

不同耐盐性的黄瓜接穗嫁接后在NaCl胁迫下的生理响应

采用早多佳和津春2号黄瓜作接穗,耐盐的超级拳乇作砧木嫁接,以自根苗为对照,对不同接穗嫁接黄瓜苗在NaCI胁迫下的生长及生理特性进行了测定.结果表明:在100 mmol/L的NaCI胁迫下,早多佳嫁接苗叶面积和茎粗减少的程度比津春2号嫁接苗轻,脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著高于津春2号嫁接苗;但NaCI胁迫下早多佳嫁接苗的根干质量、地上部干质量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、含水量、SOD活性、MDA含量与津春2号嫁接苗无显著差异.相同NaCI胁迫条件下,早多佳自根苗的根干质量显著大于津春2号自根苗,地上部含水量、SOD活性显著高于津春2号自根苗,MDA含量显著低于津春2号自根苗.嫁接减小了不同黄瓜品种之间耐盐性的差异.     

水分胁迫下小麦幼苗的抗氧化机制分析

分析了水分胁迫对小麦幼苗叶片中活性氧(ROS)水平和抗氧化酶活性的影响,结果发现,水分胁迫能够显著提高超氧阴离子(O2-.)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,而过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性变化不明显。这些结果表明,SOD和APX在小麦应答水分胁迫的反应中可能起重要作用。     

Cd胁迫对苦瓜叶片活性氧代谢的影响

以苦瓜为材料,进行砂培研究Cd胁迫对苦瓜叶片活性氧代谢的影响.结果表明:Cd胁迫促使苦瓜叶片O2.-、H2O2产生速率增大,启动膜脂过氧化,从而导致细胞伤害;Cd胁迫促使叶片游离脯氨酸(Pro)积累,起到保护叶片的作用,同时增强抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性;当Cd2+含量为20 mg.L-1时,DR活性最高,Cd2+含量为80 mg.L-1时,GR活性最高.     

Effect of Cadmium Stress on the Growth,Antioxidative Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Two Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Plant Seedlings

The effects of cadmium stress on the growth, antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in two kenaf plants, Fuhong 991 and ZM412, were analysed under control (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution) or five levels of cadmium stress (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution containing different concentrations of Cd²⁺). The leaves and roots of control and cadmium-stressed plants were harvested after 3 wk. At the same Cd concentration, the Cd tolerance index of Fuhong 991 was higher than that of ZM412, indicating that Fuhong 991 may be more tolerant to Cd than ZM412. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities fluctuated in the leaves of the Cd-stressed plants compared to the control, whereas the glutathione reductase activity (GR) was much larger than the control for Fuhong 991, ensuring that sufficient quantities of GSH were available to respond to the cadmium stress. In comparison to the control, the dynamic tendency of the SOD, CAT and POD activities in roots of the Cd-stressed plants all increased and then declined, but the POD activity of Fuhong 991 remained nearly unchanged at all of the stress levels. The increase in the enzyme activities demonstrated that Fuhong 991 was more tolerant to cadmium than ZM 412. The lipid peroxidation was enhanced only in the leaves of Cd-stressed ZM 412. These findings indicated that antioxidative activities may play important roles in Cd-stressed Fuhong 991 and ZM 412 and that the leaf and root cell membranes of Fuhong 991 have a greater stability than those of ZM 412. For pollution monitoring purposes, the GR activity in the roots and leaves may serve as a biomarker of Cd for Fuhong 991, whereas lipid peroxidation may serve as biomarker for ZM 412.     

小麦应对Cu2+胁迫的生理响应及ASA-GSH合成酶基因表达

抗坏血酸（ascorbate, ASA）- 谷胱甘肽（glutathione, GSH）在植物响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥了重要作用。为探究ASA-GSH在小麦Cu2+胁迫响应中的作用,以小麦品种‘百农207’为材料,用0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00 mmol·L-1 Cu2+进行处理,检测Cu2+对小麦生长参数、受伤害程度、及非酶促反应相关参数ASA和GSH等生理指标的影响,进而测定ASA-GSH循环相关酶基因抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因（APX）、抗坏血酸还原酶基因（DHAR）、单脱水抗坏血酸还原酶基因（MDHAR）、谷胱甘肽合成酶基因（GR）的表达量。结果表明,随着Cu ²⁺浓度的升高,小麦的株高、根长、总鲜重和总干重逐渐降低,而丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、ASA和GSH的含量则显著升高。APX基因在叶片和根中的表达趋势基本一致,在低浓度下（0.05和0.10 mmol·L^-1）表达量显著下降,高浓度下（0.50和1.00 mmol·L^-1）则显著升高;DHAR和GR基因表达趋势相似,在叶片中低浓度表达量显著升高,高浓度则显著下降,在根中则随着浓度的升高而呈现增加的趋势;MDHAR基因在叶片中的表达和DHAR和GR基因相似,在根中则与APX基因相似;上述结果表明,APX、DHAR、MDHAR、GR在转录水平均受到Cu ²⁺胁迫的诱导。综上,ASA-GSH在小麦响应铜胁迫过程中可能发挥了重要作用,并且这一作用的发挥与ASA和GSH含量的改变以及ASA-GSH循环相关酶基因的差异表达密切相关。     

秋茄硫氧还蛋白调控活性氧平衡增强烟草耐盐机制研究

硫氧还蛋白(Trxs)能调控细胞的氧化还原状态,在木本植物中Trxs与耐盐性的关系尚未研究。本文克隆了非泌盐红树秋茄的硫氧还蛋白基因KcTrxf,并研究KcTrxf在植物耐盐性中的作用。qRT-PCR结果显示,秋茄在盐胁迫下KcTrxf表达量上调,并且叶片中的非蛋白巯基(NPTs)的含量上升。KcTrxf基因的开放阅读框(ORF)长585 bp,编码194个氨基酸,是一类定位于叶绿体中的f类硫氧还蛋白。将重组的35S:KcTrxf表达载体转入模式植物烟草中进行耐盐性分析,结果表明,KcTrxf提高了烟草的耐盐性。 NaCl处理下,野生型烟草叶片中膜质氧化,并且积累大量活性氧,使叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b比值明显下降。转基因烟草一方面通过提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性来清除H2O2,另一方面通过调节抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中(AsA-GSH cycle)的关键酶单脱氧抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)以及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性来增加还原型谷胱甘肽水平,同时,还增加了叶片中非蛋白巯基的含量,进而清除活性氧,减少盐害引起氧化胁迫。因此,盐胁迫下转基因烟草中的叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b维持较高水平,从而维持较高的光合速率和生长状态。      

Coordinate induction of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system by exogenous proline and glycinebetaine is correlated with salt tolerance in mung bean

The purpose of this study was to assess the synergistic effects of exogenously applied proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) in antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system in mung bean seedlings subjected to salt stress (200 mmol·L⁻¹ NaCl, 48 h). Seven-day-old mung bean seedlings were exposed to salt stress after pre-treatment with proline or betaine. Salt stress caused a sharp increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content in leaves, while the GSH/GSSG ratio and ascorbate (AsA) content decreased significantly. The glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities were increased in response to salt stress, while the monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT) and glyoxalase I (Gly I) activities sharply decreased with an associated increase in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and lipid peroxidation level (MDA). Proline or betaine pre-treatment had little influence on nonenzymatic and enzymatic components as compared to those of the untreated control. However, proline or betaine pre-treated salt-stressed seedlings showed an increase in AsA, GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio and maintained higher activities of APX, DHAR, GR, GST, GPX, CAT, Gly I and Gly II involved in ROS and MG detoxification system as compared to those of the untreated control and mostly also salt-stressed plants with a simultaneous decrease in GSSG content, H₂O₂ and MDA level. These results together with our previous results suggest that coordinate induction of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system by proline and betaine rendered the plants tolerant to salinity-induced oxidative stress in a synergistic fashion.     

硅对盐胁迫下不同基因型黄瓜幼苗生长和生理代谢的影响

研究了水培条件下硅对盐胁迫下2个黄瓜品种幼苗生长和生理代谢的影响。结果表明:硅缓解了盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长的抑制作用,显著降低黄瓜叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量,减轻了黄瓜叶片的膜脂过氧化程度,显著降低叶片的电解质渗透率;硅使盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片保护酶(SOD,POD,PPO)活性显著升高,IAA氧化酶活性显著下降;加硅使黄瓜叶片的脯氨酸含量明显降低,绿原酸含量明显增加。因此,硅参与了植物的代谢或生理活动,可减轻盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的伤害。     

Higher Chilling-Tolerance of Grafted-Cucumber Seedling Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress

The roots of figleaf gourd （Cucurbita ficifolia, as rootstock） could improve the resistance of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyan 4, as scion） to low temperature. In this experiment, the root activity and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in the own-rooted and grafted-cucumber plants were studied at chilling temperature （4℃） under low irradiance （100 μmol m^2 s^-1 PFD）. Compared with dark adaptation seedlings, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve and the oxidizable P700 （P700＋） of both the own-rooted and grafted seedlings decreased, and PS2 and PS1 of the own-rooted seedling leaves were more inhibited than that of grafted ones at the end of chilling stress. The reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）, which was used to reflect the root activity, kept stable in grafted seedling roots at the end of chilling stress, while it decreased noticeably in the own-rooted seedling roots. These results implied that the root system activity of the grafted seedling roots was higher than that of the own-rooted ones. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was higher in both the grafted seedling roots and leaves than that in own-rooted seedlings at both room temperature and chilling temperature. Upon exposure to chilling stress, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content, which reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation, increased markedly in the own-rooted seedling roots and leaves and kept stable in the grafted-cucumber seedlings.     

低温胁迫下西瓜嫁接苗的生理变化与耐冷性关系的研究

 以自根苗为对照 ,研究了不同砧木对嫁接苗耐冷性的影响及生理机制。结果表明 ,与自根苗相比 ,嫁接苗的耐冷性明显提高。在低温胁迫下 ,嫁接苗冷害指数、电解质渗透率、丙二醛 (MDA)含量明显低于自根苗的 ;而叶绿素、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (AsA POD)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶 (DR)活性明显高于自根苗。不同嫁接苗由于砧木的不同其耐冷性也有较大差异。耐冷性强的嫁接苗叶片中电解质渗透率、MDA含量低于耐冷性弱的嫁接苗 ;脯氨酸含量、SOD、AsA POD、DR活性高于耐冷性弱的嫁接苗。因此 ,耐冷性与在低温下植株具有较高的抗氧化能力和细胞膜稳定性有关。单一生理指标不能完全正确评价西瓜嫁接苗的耐冷性 ,应以综合指标来评价鉴定其耐冷性     

冻害胁迫下小麦叶片内一些抗冻基因转录水平研究

研究了大田条件下,4个小麦品种幼穗发育不同阶段植株的冻害情况,并比较叶片内谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等基因的转录水平。结果表明,幼穗发育进程慢的小麦植株受冻害较轻,其叶片内的APX和SOD基因的转录水平较高,与植株的抗冻性表现相一致,表明它们可作为评价小麦抗冻性的鉴定指标;冻害胁迫下,CAT和GR基因的转录水平与小麦植株抗冻性表现不相一致,表明这2个基因可能不适宜作为小麦抗冻性的鉴定指标。     

Effects of 24-Epibrassinolide on Antioxidant System in Cucumber Seedling Roots Under Hypoxia Stress

This article aims to study the effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the changes in ROS, activities of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling roots under hypoxia stress. Seedlings of a hypoxianormoxic or hypoxic nutrient solutions that were added or not added with 10-3 mg L-1 EBR. Under hypoxia stress, the ROS levels and the lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in the roots upon exposure to hypoxia stress, which were inhibited by EBR application. The EBR treatment significantly increased the seedlings growth and SOD, APX, GR activities, and contents of AsA and GSH under hypoxia stress. From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that oxidative damage on seedling roots by hypoxia stress can be considerably alleviated and the tolerance of plants was elevated.     

Effects of Selenium on Lipid peroxidation and Oxidizing Ability of Rice Roots under Ferrous Stress

Water culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of selenium(Se)on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity,reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and the accumulation of malonaldehyde (MDA),the product of lipid peroxidation in rice seedling ,as well as the effect of se on oxidizing ability of roots under ferrous stress,Results showed that appropriate amount of se significantly increased GSH-Px activity in rice leaves,F=5.5^*,enhanced the amount of GSH and oxidizing ability of roots and reduced the concentration of MDA,F=4.9^*,Compared with Se0 Fe treatment,Se treatments increased the dry matter weitht of rice seedling from 10.06%to 10.43%,F=4.09^*.     

冷蒿抗氧化防御系统对机械损伤的响应

放牧对草地植物的直接影响包括动物的采食和践踏。为了探讨冷蒿Artemisia frigida的耐牧性,采用人工机械损伤(轻度、中度和重度)的方式处理盆栽冷蒿地上枝叶,分别测定冷蒿叶片和根系活性氧(ROS),丙二醛(MDA),抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)质量摩尔浓度,同时测定了抗氧化防御酶和抗坏血酸(AsA)-谷胱甘肽(GSH)循环酶活性的变化。结果表明:随着机械损伤强度的增加,冷蒿叶片超氧阴离子(O₂·-)和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)质量摩尔浓度升高,膜质过氧化增强;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随机械损伤强度的增加而升高。在轻度和中度处理下,冷蒿叶片中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX),脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR),单脱径抗坏血酸还原并(MDHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性增强,抗氧化剂(AsA和GSH)的还原力(ρ_AsA/ρ_DHA值和ρ_GSH/ρ_GSSG值)处于稳定平衡状态;重度机械损伤下AsA-GSH循环效率显著降低(P≤0.05)。冷蒿根系抗氧化防御系统对机械损伤也表现出明显的应激反应能力。综上所述,机械损伤使冷蒿体内ROS质量摩尔浓度升高,且冷蒿能够在不同程度的机械损伤下快速、有效地启动体内抗氧化防御系统,清除体内过量的ROS,维持一定的AsA-GSH循环效率,表现出较强的耐损伤能力。图4表1参42     

SO2对谷子幼苗根系镉胁迫的缓解作用

以谷子幼苗为材料,采用SO_2衍生物(SO_3~(2-)∶HSO_3~-,3∶1,mmol·L~(-1)/mmol·L~(-1))预处理方式,研究外源SO_2对镉(Cd)致根系毒性的影响。研究发现:250、500μmol·L~(-1)Cd胁迫下,谷子幼苗根生长受到明显抑制,根组织中活性氧(ROS)大量产生,膜脂过氧化增加;与Cd单独处理组相比,用500μmol·L~(-1)SO_2衍生物预处理后,Cd对根系生长的抑制作用减弱,根组织中ROS水平降低,膜脂氧化损伤减轻,谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量提高,过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)等酶活性明显增加。结果表明:一定浓度的SO_2衍生物能够通过上调抗氧化酶系统POD和GPX的活性来有效缓解Cd胁迫造成的谷子根系氧化损伤,并很可能通过维持较高的GSH水平和提高GST活性来增强谷子根系的Cd解毒能力。