氯化镧对铜胁迫下玉米幼苗抗氧化特性的影响

以玉米为试材,采用溶液培养方法,研究了外源氯化镧对铜胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片及根系抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明,铜胁迫显著提高了玉米叶片SOD、CAT、APX、DHAR活性、GSH含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量及根系SOD、CAT、DHAR活性、As A含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量,而使叶片POD、GR活性、As A含量及根系POD、APX、GR活性、GSH含量显著降低。与铜胁迫相比,氯化镧+铜复合处理叶片的SOD、APX、GR、DHAR活性与As A含量分别显著增加了16.3%、86.2%、225.0%、62.5%、267.7%,其根系POD、APX、GR、DHAR活性和GSH含量分别显著增加了148.5%、66.7%、51.5%、23.7%、19.3%,叶片CAT、POD活性、GSH含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量分别降低了47.5%、15.0%、15.4%、44.3%、48.1%,根系CAT活性、As A含量、细胞质膜透性、MDA含量分别降低了42.9%、50.0%、35.8%、41.1%,氯化镧+铜复合处理使玉米幼苗生物量显著增加了25.4%。综上,氯化镧可提高玉米幼苗的抗氧化能力,从而缓解铜胁迫玉米植株所造成的伤害。     

Grafting Enhances Copper Tolerance of Cucumber Through Regulating Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidative System

An experiment was carried out to determine plant growth, mineral uptake, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes, and antioxidant of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici） under copper stress, either ungrafted or grafted onto the rootstock （Cucurbitaficifolia）. Excess Cu inhibited growth, photosynthesis, and pigment synthesis of grafted and ungrafted cucumber seedlings and significantly increased accumulation of Cu in roots besides reducing mineral uptake. Cu concentration in roots of grafted cucumber plants was significantly higher than that of ungrafted plants and obviously lower in leaves. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） significantly increased in cucumber leaves under Cu stress and resulted in lipid peroxidation, and the levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation were greatly decreased by grafting. Activities of protective enzymes （superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione reductase, GR） and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione in leaves of grafted plants were significantly higher than those of ungrafted plants under Cu stress. Better performance of grafted cucumber plants were attributed to the higher ability of Cu accumulation in their roots, better nutrient status, and the effective scavenging system of ROS.     

水杨酸对节节麦根在水分亏缺下氧化与抗氧化反应的影响

研究分析了水杨酸(SA)对20%聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)引起节节麦幼苗根中活性氧(ROS)水平和抗氧化酶活性的影响,结果发现,PEG能够显著提高节节麦根中超氧阴离子(O2-)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,明显降低超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性;SA能明显抑制PEG诱导的MDA和O2-的积累,缓解PEG对SOD、GR和CAT活性的抑制作用,但对APX的活性没有明显影响。这表明SA可能主要通过影响SOD、GR和CAT的活性缓解了水分亏缺对节节麦造成的伤害。     

硅对NO3-胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用营养液培养试验,通过添加不同浓度(0、0.5、1、1.5、2 mmol.L-1)的Na2SiO3作为硅供体,研究外源硅对NO3-胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,140 mmol.L-1 NO3-胁迫下,外加1mmol.L-1 Na2SiO3处理7d后,黄瓜幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶(POD)过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著升高;丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,说明外加1mmol.L-1Na2SiO3增强了黄瓜幼苗对活性氧的清除能力,降低了膜脂过氧化程度,幼苗生长势增加,对高浓度NO 3-胁迫的抗性增强;当Na2SiO3浓度高达2 mmol.L-1时,其叶片SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性均开始降低,MDA含量增加,黄瓜幼苗受害加重。可见,外加一定浓度的Na2SiO3(0.5～1 mmol.L-1)可通过提高抗氧化酶活性和降低膜脂过氧化来缓解NO3-胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的伤害。     

Effect of Cadmium Stress on the Growth,Antioxidative Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Two Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Plant Seedlings

The effects of cadmium stress on the growth, antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in two kenaf plants, Fuhong 991 and ZM412, were analysed under control (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution) or five levels of cadmium stress (0.5-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution containing different concentrations of Cd²⁺). The leaves and roots of control and cadmium-stressed plants were harvested after 3 wk. At the same Cd concentration, the Cd tolerance index of Fuhong 991 was higher than that of ZM412, indicating that Fuhong 991 may be more tolerant to Cd than ZM412. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities fluctuated in the leaves of the Cd-stressed plants compared to the control, whereas the glutathione reductase activity (GR) was much larger than the control for Fuhong 991, ensuring that sufficient quantities of GSH were available to respond to the cadmium stress. In comparison to the control, the dynamic tendency of the SOD, CAT and POD activities in roots of the Cd-stressed plants all increased and then declined, but the POD activity of Fuhong 991 remained nearly unchanged at all of the stress levels. The increase in the enzyme activities demonstrated that Fuhong 991 was more tolerant to cadmium than ZM 412. The lipid peroxidation was enhanced only in the leaves of Cd-stressed ZM 412. These findings indicated that antioxidative activities may play important roles in Cd-stressed Fuhong 991 and ZM 412 and that the leaf and root cell membranes of Fuhong 991 have a greater stability than those of ZM 412. For pollution monitoring purposes, the GR activity in the roots and leaves may serve as a biomarker of Cd for Fuhong 991, whereas lipid peroxidation may serve as biomarker for ZM 412.     

Screening Methods for Waterlogging Tolerance at Maize （Zea mays L.） Seedling Stage

Waterlogging strongly affects agronomic performance of maize （Zea mays L.）. In order to investigate the suitable selection criteria of waterflooding tolerant genotypes, and identify the most susceptible stage and the best continuous treatment time to waterlogging, 20 common maize inbred lines were subjected to successive artificial waterflooding at seedling stage, and waterlogging tolerance coefficient （WTC） was used to screen waterflooding tolerant genotypes. In addition, peroxidase （POD） activities and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents were measured for 6 of 20 lines. The results showed that the second leaf stage （V2） was the most susceptible stage, and 6 d after waterflooding was the best continuous treatment time. Dry weight （DW） of both shoots and roots of all lines were significantly reduced at 6 d time-point of waterlogging, compared to control. POD activities and MDA contents were negatively and significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient was -0.9686 （P 〈 0.0001）. According to the results, WTC of shoot DW can be used for practical screening as a suitable index, which is significantly different from control and waterlogged plants happened 6 d earlier. Furthermore, leaf chlorosis, MDA content and POD activities could also be used as reference index for material screening. The implications of the results for waterlogging-tolerant material screening and waterlogging-tolerant breeding have been discussed in maize.     

CO2和O3浓度升高对春小麦活性氧代谢及抗氧化酶活性的影响

 【目的】揭示CO2和O3浓度升高及其复合作用对植物活性氧（ROS）代谢及抗氧化酶活性的影响机理。【方法】以春小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）为试材,利用开顶式气室（OTCs）研究CO2和O3浓度升高及其复合作用下,春小麦叶片膜脂过氧化程度,活性氧产生速率、含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】在整个生育期内,与对照相比,高浓度CO2[（550±20）μmol?mol-1]处理下,春小麦叶片相对电导率、MDA含量减小, 产生速率、H2O2含量下降,SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性增强;而在O3浓度为（80±10）nmol?mol-1的条件下,春小麦叶片相对电导率、MDA含量增大, 产生速率、H2O2含量升高,SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性总体上有所减弱;CO2和O3浓度升高复合[（550±20）μmol?mol-1+（80±10）nmol?mol-1]处理下,春小麦叶片MDA含量、 产生速率和SOD活性总体上低于对照,而相对电导率、H2O2含量以及CAT、POD和APX活性总体上增加。【结论】CO2浓度升高抑制了春小麦叶片活性氧的代谢速率,提高了抗氧化酶的活性,对春小麦表现为保护效应,而O3浓度升高促进了春小麦叶片活性氧的代谢速率,降低了抗氧化酶的活性,对春小麦表现为伤害效应。在CO2和O3浓度升高复合处理下,CO2浓度升高在一定程度上缓解了O3浓度升高对春小麦的伤害效应,而O3浓度升高亦在一定程度上削弱了CO2浓度升高对春小麦的保护效应。     

SO_2胁迫对茶条槭叶片6种保护酶活性的影响

[目的]研究不同SO2胁迫处理对茶条槭叶片6种保护酶活性的影响。[方法]利用SO2静态熏气系统对3年生茶条槭苗木进行胁迫处理,研究不同SO2浓度（0～6.0 mg/m3）和熏气时间（0～6 h）下茶条槭叶片6种保护酶活性的变化趋势。[结果]随着SO2浓度的增加,PPO和APX活性一直降低,SOD、CAT、POD和GR活性表现为先迅速上升后下降的趋势,其中GR活性下降较平缓;在不同时间SO2处理中,CAT和GR活性随着胁迫时间的延长先迅速上升而后下降,而SOD、POD、PPO和APX活性均随着胁迫时间的延长而降低,其中SOD和GR活性变化幅度较平缓。[结论]PPO、POD和APX活性下降可能是茶条槭幼苗SO2伤害的原因之一,而SOD、CAT和GR活性变化平缓是茶条槭幼苗响应SO2胁迫的适应性机制。     

小麦叶片内几个抗冷相关基因cDNA片段的克隆

运用RT-PCR法,从小麦叶片中克隆出SOD、CAT、APX、GR、CBF、GI等几个抗冷相关基因的cDNA片段,序列比对结果显示,这些基因与GenBank上已登录的大麦、小麦、玉米、水稻等相关基因的同源性较高,表明克隆出了上述几个小麦抗冷相关基因,其中的APX和GR为普通小麦中首次报道。     

不同土壤水分条件下SOD_M对水稻叶片中保护性酶的影响

为探明不同土壤水分条件下调节剂SODM对水稻保护性酶系的影响,测定了水稻结实期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,抗坏血酸(ASA)、丙二醛(MDA)、O2-和H2O2含量。结果表明:SODM处理能够显著增加水稻叶片中SOD、POD及CAT活性,使叶片中MDA、O2-和H2O2含量维持在较低水平,减轻水稻被过氧化程度。     

不同耐冷性杂草稻和栽培稻抗氧化系统对冷水胁迫的响应

【目的】从孕穗期到抽穗开花是水稻对温度最为敏感的阶段,这一阶段的低温冷害严重制约了东北地区水稻生长和种植面积的进一步扩大,探明水稻耐冷生理机制,将为东北水稻生产提供重要保障。探索耐冷性不同的杂草稻和栽培稻在冷水胁迫下开花期剑叶的活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的变化规律,为耐冷性水稻品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以耐冷性强的杂草稻WR03-45、栽培稻丽江新团黑谷和冷敏感的杂草稻WR03-26、栽培稻秀子糯为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,根据剑叶叶枕距判断主穗进入孕穗期的时间,于孕穗期在冷水池中进行低温处理,未经冷水处理的参试材料作为对照。在开花期,剪取参试材料的剑叶保存于-85℃的超低温冰箱中,用于测定超氧阴离子自由基（）产生速率、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR） 5种抗氧化酶活性和还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）两种抗氧化剂含量,研究孕穗期低温冷害对剑叶的活性氧（ROS）积累、抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的影响。【结果】冷水胁迫下,冷敏感的杂草稻WR03-26开花期剑叶仅有CAT和GR活性显著增加,冷敏感的栽培稻秀子糯开花期剑叶SOD、CAT和GR活性显著增加;WR03-26和秀子糯剑叶的AsA和GSH含量及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值与对照无显著差异;WR03-26和秀子糯剑叶产生速率显著增加,H₂O₂含量极显著增加,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量显著增加。耐冷性强的杂草稻WR03-45开花期剑叶SOD活性显著升高,POD、APX、CAT和GR极显著升高,耐冷性强的栽培稻丽江新团黑谷开花期剑叶SOD、POD和APX活性显著升高,CAT和GR活性极显著升高;WR03-45和丽江新团黑谷剑叶的抗氧化剂（AsA和GSH）含量及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值在冷水胁迫下显著高于对照;WR03-45和丽江新团黑谷剑叶产生速率、H₂O₂含量和MDA含量与对照相比无显著差异。【结论】冷水胁迫下,耐冷性强的水稻通过提高抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量,减少ROS的积累以及膜脂过氧化,增强对冷水胁迫的耐性。水稻的耐冷性与胁迫下抗氧化系统清除ROS的能力有关,杂草稻WR03-45作为一种强耐冷性的种质资源可以用于栽培稻耐冷性的遗传改良。     

不同耐淹基因型水稻分蘖期对淹涝胁迫的生理差异

[目的]研究不同耐淹基因型水稻分蘖期对淹涝胁迫的生理差异。[方法]以不同基因型的水稻品种FR13A、9311、IR64和OM052为供试材料,进行2、4、5、7 d淹涝胁迫处理并分别恢复3和5 d,研究不同程度淹水对分蘖期水稻生长及生理指标的影响。[结果]随着淹水处理时间的延长,叶绿素含量及地上相对含水量下降;根冠比增加,根长变短;淹水处理诱导了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量上升。在没顶淹水4 d时,OM052的SOD、POD和CAT的酶活性及MDA含量比对照增加分别增加了50.0%,25.8%,50.5%和17.9%。没顶淹水5 d后,仅OM052和耐淹品种FR13A存活。[结论]淹水5 d可能是分蘖期水稻淹水胁迫的转折点,OM052在一定程度上具有较好的耐淹性。     

玉米种子萌发初期生理特性的变化研究

以玉米自交系478种子为材料,进行了种子萌发初期生理特性的变化研究。主要分析了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢（CAT）、和抗坏血酸专一性过氧化物酶（APX）活性及SOD、POD、APX、淀粉酶（AMY）、酯酶（EST）和蛋白质谱带的动态变化。结果表明:玉米种子萌发初期,胚中SOD活性随萌发时间的延长而下降;POD、CAT、APX活性随萌发时间的延长逐渐升高。SOD、POD同工酶谱带的变化趋势与其酶活性的变化趋势基本一致;蛋白质含量的电泳图谱表现为,分子质量36.74 kDa和18.56 kDa的谱带随萌发时间延长着色逐渐加强,其他谱带着色渐弱。该研究为玉米种子贮存中活力的检测提供理论依据。     

脱落酸对碱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

以黄瓜幼苗为试材,对其叶面喷施脱落酸(ABA)溶液(5×10-5mol·L-1),研究了碱胁迫(60mmol·L-1Na2CO3)对黄瓜幼苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、细胞膜透性及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,ABA处理后第4、8、12、16d分别降低了碱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片的MDA含量(22.52%、30.87%、27.28%、27.56%)和细胞膜透性(18.96%、14.09%、20.03%、22.86%、),提高了SOD、POD、CAT以及APX的活性,从而增强了植株抗氧化能力,减轻了细胞膜伤害,提高了黄瓜的耐碱性.     

γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下番茄活性氧代谢及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

 【目的】探讨外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对提高番茄耐盐性的作用。【方法】采用营养液水培法,以番茄‘金棚1号’为材料,研究外源添加GABA(5 mmol?L-1)对NaCl(50 mmol?L-1)胁迫下番茄幼苗的生长、活性氧代谢、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】在正常营养液中添加GABA对番茄幼苗的生长、APX、AsA、H2O2、MDA影响不大,但显著提高了SOD、POD、CAT、GR活性及 的积累;此外,叶绿素含量、Pn、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)没有发生显著变化,而Chla/b、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光系统Ⅱ实际量子效率(фPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)明显提高;NaCl胁迫下,外源GABA明显提高了番茄叶片生长速率、SOD、POD、APX、GR的活性以及AsA、GSH含量,减少了 、H2O2和膜脂过氧化产物MDA的积累,但对CAT影响不明显;外源添加GABA处理显著提高了盐胁迫下叶绿素含量、Pn、Fv/Fm、ETR、фPSⅡ和qP,而NPQ显著降低,维持较高的光系统Ⅱ活性。【结论】NaCl胁迫下,外源添加GABA通过促进抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的提高,降低H2O2和MDA的积累,保护了细胞膜结构的稳定性,从而减轻盐胁迫对番茄光系统Ⅱ的伤害,增强番茄的耐盐性。     

Effects of Water Stress on the Protective Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Roots and Leaves of Summer Maize

A systematic study was conducted to determine the effects of water stress on the activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize. The results showed that, under water stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and peroxidase （POD） in leaves and roots increased sharply at prophase and metaphase growth stages, such as, male tetrad stage, but then declined towards the physiological maturity. The protective enzyme activities in roots were lower than those in leaves. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased according to the severity of water stress. The content of MDA in roots was lower than that in leaves. The activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in roots were positively related to that in leaves with most of the correlation coefficients being significant. The content of soluble proteins in roots and leaves decreased with increasing drought stress. The ear characteristics deteriorated and the economic yields of maize decreased significantly under water stress. The main factors that caused reduction of yields were the decrease in the number of ear kernels and 100-kernel weight.     

胡杨异形叶抗氧化能力的比较

目的胡杨是我国西部荒漠地区抗逆性较强的树种,具有异叶性。前人的研究发现,胡杨叶片从披针形叶到锯齿卵圆形叶其结构趋于旱生性,且抗性逐渐增强。本文拟从活性氧清除机制着手,深入探讨胡杨异形叶的抗氧化能力,以期阐释其抗逆性的生化机制。方法以成年胡杨披针形叶、卵圆形叶和锯齿卵圆形叶3种典型形态叶为试验材料,对其·O₂?产生速率、MDA含量、抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR）活性和抗氧化物质（黄酮、类胡萝卜素、AsA、GSH）含量随季节（5、7和9月）变化的规律进行了比较研究。结果（1）·O₂?产生速率随季节而变化,·O₂?产生速率在锯齿卵圆形与卵圆形叶中递增,在披针形叶中先增后减;MDA含量在锯齿卵圆形叶中递减,在卵圆形叶中先减后增,而在披针形叶中持续递增。值得注意的是,9月份披针形叶中·O₂?产生速率最低而MDA含量最高。（2）锯齿卵圆形叶与卵圆形叶的SOD活性先降后升而CAT活性先升后降,POD活性持续升高而GR活性递减。APX活性在锯齿卵圆形叶中先升后降,在卵圆形叶中一直升高。而披针形叶的SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势。整体而言,锯齿卵圆形叶的抗氧化酶活性 > 卵圆形叶 > 披针形叶。其中,POD活性差异最为明显。（3）黄酮和类胡萝卜素在7月份大量积累,9月份AsA含量最高而GSH含量最低。黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量在锯齿卵圆形与卵圆形叶中先增后减,在披针形叶中递增;AsA含量在锯齿卵圆形与卵圆形叶中递增,在披针形叶中先减后增;3种形态叶的GSH含量均递减。（4）锯齿卵圆形叶中·O₂?产生速率与POD活性及AsA含量呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）,卵圆形叶中·O₂?产生速率与POD和APX活性及类胡萝卜素和AsA含量存在极显著正相关（P < 0.01）,披针形叶中·O₂?产生速率则与POD、CAT和APX活性及黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量都存在极显著正相关（P < 0.01）。结论胡杨3种形态叶的抗氧化能力不同。锯齿卵圆形叶抗氧化能力最强,卵圆形叶次之,披针形叶最弱。3种形态叶随季节变化的抗氧化应答机制也存在差异。夏季锯齿卵圆形叶与卵圆形叶中以POD、CAT和APX作为主要清除ROS的抗氧化酶,秋季则以高活性的SOD和POD作为主要的抗氧化酶。同时,秋季卵圆形叶中APX活性也维持在较高水平。而披针形叶中以SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR协同清除ROS。此外夏季胡杨叶片大量积累黄酮和类胡萝卜素消除ROS;秋季则通过AsA-GSH循环清除更多的ROS。      

水分胁迫下玉米幼苗对外源原儿茶醛的生理响应

以玉米(Zea may L.)品种"郑单958"为材料,采用0.15 g.mL-1聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟水分胁迫,研究外源原儿茶醛根施预处理对玉米幼苗叶片相对含水量(RWC)、活性氧代谢系统、抗氧化酶类以及渗透调节物含量的影响。结果表明,0.15 g.mL-1PEG-6000胁迫16 h,玉米叶片的活性氧代谢系统(丙二醛含量、细胞膜透性、超氧阴离子自由基水平)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性、以及主要渗透调节物(可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖)均极显著升高,而RWC、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性极显著降低;原儿茶醛(0.5~25 mg.L-1)预处理可极显著抑制水分胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片活性氧代谢系统以及渗透调节物含量的上升,并诱导SOD、POD和APX等抗氧化酶类活性提高,提高叶片RWC。说明原儿茶醛能够提高玉米幼苗的抗氧化能力,减少水分胁迫诱导的活性氧自由基积累,缓解膜脂过氧化,有效增强植株抗水分胁迫的能力。     

Effects of Wounding and Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on the Peroxidation of Membrane Lipid in Pea Seedlings Leaves

The changes of malondialdehyde （MDA）, H2O2, and O2^7 content, or the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascrobate peroxidase （APX）, peroxidase （POD）, phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） in pea seedlings （Pisum sativum L.） under wounding and treatment of exogenous jasmonic acid （JA） were investigated. The results showed that the activities of both phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） were significantly increased by wounding and application of JA. The metabolism of reaction oxidative species （ROS） was enhanced, especially O2^7 and H2O2 appeared to rapidly increase. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, APX and POD were also increased. Treatment of JA of 1 or 10 μmol L^-1 could effectively induce plant defense response, and thus decrease the peroxidation of cell membrane lipid. However, high concentration of JA （100 μmol L^-1） resulted in unbalance of metabolism of ROS and promoted the peroxidation of cell membrane lipid. We thus suggested that JA, under the suitable concentration, could induce defense response of pea seedlings to wounding.     

氮肥与涝渍胁迫时间对抽雄期夏玉米叶片生理特性的影响

为了探究氮肥与涝渍胁迫时间对抽雄期夏玉米生理特性的影响，选用裕丰333为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，施氮量设置3个水平处理，分别为0、180和300 kg·hm^-2，记为N0、N1和N2。共设置3个胁迫时长处理，分别为3 d、5 d和7 d，记作S3、S5和S7；3个胁迫恢复时长2 d、4 d和6 d，记作R2、R4和R6。在涝渍胁迫-恢复期间分别测定夏玉米叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性，丙二醛(MDA)以及叶绿素含量。研究表明，在涝渍胁迫期间，高氮素水平下，涝渍胁迫时长增加会减少SOD活性但会增加CAT活性。相同的施氮水平下，MDA和叶绿素含量没有显著性变化，说明涝渍胁迫对于玉米叶片MDA和叶绿素的含量影响较小。在涝渍胁迫与恢复期间，抗氧化酶活性随着氮素水平的提高而显著增大。在高氮素水平下，叶绿素含量在淹水3 d达到最大。高氮素水平有利于改善抽雄期夏玉米生理特性。