Heparan sulfate degradation: relation to tumor invasive and metastatic properties of mouse B16 melanoma sublines

After transport in the blood and implantation in the microcirculation, metastatic tumor cells must invade the vascular endothelium and underlying basal lamina. Mouse B16 melanoma sublines were used to determine the relation between metastatic properties and the ability of the sublines to degrade enzymatically the sulfated glycosaminoglycans present in the extracellular matrix of cultured vascular endothelial cells. Highly invasive and metastatic B16 sublines degraded matrix glycosaminoglycans faster than did sublines of lower metastatic potential. The main products of this matrix degradation were heparan sulfate fragments. Intact B16 cells (or their cell-free homogenates) with a high potential for lung colonization degraded purified heparan sulfate from bovine lung at higher rates than did B16 cells with a poor potential for lung colonization. Analysis of the degradation fragments indicated that B16 cells have a heparan sulfate endoglycosidase. Thus the abilities of B16 melanoma cells to extravasate and successfully colonize the lung may be related to their capacities to degrade heparan sulfate in the walls of pulmonary blood vessels.     

Organ-specific adhesion of metastatic tumor cells in vitro

Binding of tumor cells to cryostat sections of host organs was studied. B16-F10 melanoma cells and reticulum cell sarcoma cells demonstrated an organ specificity in their binding in vitro that reflected the organ specificity of their metastatic distribution 25 days after intravenous injection. These results provide evidence for specific binding of tumor cells to the tissues that they selectively colonize in vivo.     

Modulation of the metastatic capability in B16 melanoma by cell shape

The lung colonization of B16-F1 cells grown in flat and spherical configurations was studied. Cells cultivated in vitro as spheroids on a nonadhesive substrate expressed in a reversible fashion a marked increase in their propensity to establish metastases. The altered metastatic capability was accompanied by a reversible reduction in the accessibility of cell surface proteins to external iodination and by a dramatic decrease in the synthesis of vimentin.     

小鼠角蛋白10(K10)基因启动子的克隆及活性分析

【目的】角蛋白10 (K10) 是黑色素细胞中黑素体向周围角化细胞迁移的分子标记之一,在研究基因在黑色素细胞与角化细胞相互作用的功能时,可以作为特异的启动子。本研究欲筛选K10较强的启动子片段,为研究K10以及相关基因的功能提供理论依据和奠定理论基础。【方法】从小鼠尾巴提取基因组DNA,经质量鉴定后,采用PCR法扩增K10的6个不同片段（F1-F6）,并将其分别亚克隆到pMD18-T载体,经测序验证是否正确;将K10的6个亚克隆片段再克隆到pGL0载体中,产生pGL0 - F1-F6构建,用脂质体法转染293T细胞,转染结束后将细胞裂解,并通过双荧光素酶报告基因检测6个片段转染细胞后引起的荧光素酶活性变化,以筛选启动效果最好的启动子片段;用筛选到的K10启动子片段作为特异启动子,替换pGL0载体上的CMV强启动子,并与周期素依赖蛋白激酶5（CDK5）基因进行重组,形成pGL0-F-CDK5构建,用脂质体法转染小鼠皮肤角化细胞,待转染结束后,分别进行细胞爬片、细胞裂解和细胞总RNA的提取,之后用免疫荧光化学、双荧光素酶报告基因检测法和实时荧光定量PCR法检测CDK5的表达定位、表达水平及荧光素酶活性,以检测其在角化细胞中的启动效果;用生物信息法Promoter Scan分析所得到的活性最强的K10启动子片段,发现其可能的转录因子结合位点。【结果】PCR扩增、克隆得到K10启动子的6个片段（F1-F6）,片段大小分别为1 201、908、664、787、790、656 bp;质粒pGL0 - F1-F6分别转染293T细胞后,通过双荧光报告检测发现长度为787bp的F4启动子活性最强;但F1-F6启动子的活性均弱于pGL0-basic中CMV的启动活性;F4序列中含有基本启动子保守区域的共同序列即TATAAAA,经Promoter Scan分析发现F4序列中含有C/EBPβ、GATA、HSF、CAP等多个转录因子的结合位点,这些位点利于K10在角化细胞中表达;pGL0-F4-CDK5转染角化细胞后,通过荧光蛋白的表达检测载体上GFP报告基因的表达,发现pGL0-F4-CDK5转染角化细胞后引起GFP的表达量明显强于pGL0-basic-CDK5转染组;同时用荧光素酶活性检测pGL0-F4-CDK5在角化细胞中的启动效果,结果发现pGL0-F4-CDK5转染组的荧光比值明显高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.01);经实时荧光定量PCR检测CDK5的表达变化,结果发现pGL0-F4-CDK5转染角化细胞后引起CDK5 mRNA表达量明显高于对照组,差异呈极显著(P＜0.01)。上述结果说明F4具有较强的启动子活性,是K10启动子的核心区。【结论】成功筛选了K10的核心启动子区域F4,在角化细胞里具有启动目标基因CDK5表达的功能,因此,F4可作为黑色素细胞与角化细胞相互作用过程中基因功能研究的特异性启动子,为研究K10基因功能提供理论依据。     

苦楝皮提取物的抗肿瘤活性研究

[目的]研究苦楝皮提取物的抗肿瘤活性。[方法]采用提取及萃取过程制备苦楝皮提取物分离化合物,选取人肝癌BEL7402、人肺癌H460和人胃癌SGC-7901等3种细胞为被试细胞,测定苦楝皮提取物对癌细胞的抑制作用。[结果]当异川楝素和苦楝皮萜酮浓度较高时(50和100μ/ml),提取物对人胃癌、人肺癌和人肝癌细胞株的抑制率都超过或者接近50%。当其余的4种化合物浓度较高(50和100)时,其对3种细胞也有比较明显的抑制生长作用。表明从苦楝皮提取出的物质有一定的细胞毒作用。[结论]苦楝皮提取物对癌细胞的生长有抑制作用。     

YIGSR, a synthetic laminin pentapeptide, inhibits experimental metastasis formation

The invasion of tumor cells through basement membranes is a critical step in the formation of metastases. The binding of the malignant cells to laminin in the basement membranes allows their attachment and activates their invasiveness. Recently a synthetic nonapeptide from the B1 chain sequence of laminin was identified as a major site for cell binding. A pentapeptide within the nonapeptide sequence was found to reduce the formation of lung colonies in mice injected with melanoma cells and also to inhibit the invasiveness of the cells in vitro.     

Tumor suppression with a combination of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine and interferon

alpha-Difluoromethyl ornithine and mouse type 1 interferon, when administered simultaneously, were highly toxic to B16 melanoma cells in culture. Oral administration of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine suppressed B16 melanoma development in mice 85 percent whereas interferon given subcutaneously inhibited tumor growth only 24 percent. Total or near total suppression of tumor growth was observed in mice receiving both treatments.     

Trypanosoma cruzi infection inhibited by peptides modeled from a fibronectin cell attachment domain

The mechanism by which Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' disease, becomes attached to mammalian cells is not well understood. Fibronectin is thought to participate in the attachment, and in this study the region of fibronectin that interacts with the surface receptors of T. cruzi trypomastigotes was investigated by testing the binding of the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, corresponding to the cell attachment site of fibronectin to T. cruzi trypomastigotes. Peptides with the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, but not Arg-Phe-Asp-Ser, Arg-Phe-Asp-Ser-Ala-Ala-Arg-Phe-Asp, Ser-Lys-Pro, Glu-Ser-Gly, or Ala-Lys-Thr-Lys-Pro, bound to the parasite surface and inhibited cell invasion by the pathogen. Monoclonal antibodies to the cell attachment domain of fibronectin also inhibited cell infection by the parasite. The immunization of BALB/c mice with tetanus toxoid-conjugated peptide induced a significant protection against T. cruzi. The data support the notion that the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser of cell surface fibronectin acts as a recognition site for attachment of the parasites.     

小鼠B7-1转基因肿瘤疫苗的制备及其评估

目的：评估导入B7-1基因的肿瘤细胞能否作为肿瘤疫苗治疗膀胱肿瘤。方法：采用脂质体Lipofectamin 2000 （Lip2000）将B7-1基因导入鼠膀胱肿瘤（MBT-2）细胞。细胞表面分子的表达经免疫荧光染色而测得。采用混合淋巴细胞培养MTT法．观察MBT-2-B7-1细胞刺激脾淋巴细胞增殖情况。通过动物实验测定该细胞的肿瘤形成能力。结果：当Lip2000与DNA的比值不低于4：1时能有效地转染MBT-2膀胱肿瘤细胞。转染了B7-1基因的肿瘤细胞能有效地刺激脾淋巴细胞的增殖,并在体内明显延迟了肿瘤的发生;肿瘤的生长也明显受到抑制。结论：B7-1转基因肿瘤细胞可能是制备良好膀胱肿瘤疫苗的细胞。     

Synthetic CD4 peptide derivatives that inhibit HIV infection and cytopathicity

Synthetic peptide segments of the CD4 molecule were tested for their ability to inhibit infection of CD4+ cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to inhibit HIV-induced cell fusion. A peptide mixture composed of CD4(76-94), and synthesis side products, blocked HIV-induced cell fusion at a nominal concentration of 125 micromolar. Upon high-performance liquid chromatography, the antisyncytial activity of the peptide mixture was found not in the fraction containing the peptide CD4(76-94) itself, but in a side fraction containing derivatized peptide products generated in the automated synthesis. Derivatized deletion and substitution peptides in the region CD4(76-94) were used to demonstrate sequence specificity, a requirement for benzyl derivatization, and a core seven-residue fragment required for antisyncytial activity. A partially purified S-benzyl-CD4(83-94) peptide mixture inhibited HIV-induced cell fusion at a nominal concentration of less than or equal to 32 micromolar. Derivatized CD4 peptides blocked cell fusion induced by several HIV isolates and by the simian immunodeficiency virus, SIV, and blocked infection in vitro by four HIV-1 isolates with widely variant envelope gene sequences. Purified CD4(83-94) dibenzylated at cysteine 86 and glutamate 87 possessed antisyncytial activity at 125 micromolar. Derivatization may specifically alter the conformation of CD4 holoreceptor peptide fragments, increasing their antiviral efficacy.     

茶氨酸衍生物茶溴香酰胺脂质体对人肺癌细胞 生长和迁移的抑制作用

为了探索研究茶氨酸衍生物茶溴香酰胺制备的脂质体(TBrC-L)对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞生长和迁移的抑制作用与其分子机制,采用薄膜分散法制备了TBrC-L,通过MTT法检测不同浓度的TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞生长的抑制作用;使用流式细胞术检测TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞凋亡的诱导作用;利用Transwell chamber法观察TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞迁移作用的影响;应用蛋白质印迹法检测人肺癌A549细胞中与凋亡和生长密切相关蛋白的表达和药物可能的作用靶点。实验结果显示,TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞生长和迁移有显著的抑制作用,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞生长和迁移可能是其抗人肺癌作用的重要机制,其作用的分子机制涉及到抑制EGFR、VEGFR1、VEGFR~2和Met受体介导的Akt和NF-κB信号传导通路,本研究结果提示,TBrC-L具有应用于临床治疗和(或)辅助治疗人肺癌的潜力。     

甲硫基腺苷对小鼠黑色素瘤B16F10细胞系的抑制作用

应用细胞培养技术研究了甲硫基腺苷对小鼠黑色素瘤B16F10细胞系体外增殖和体内增长的抑制作用。结果表明:甲硫基腺苷抑制了小鼠黑色素瘤B16F10细胞系的体外增殖(IC50为10μmol/L,P<0.01)和体内增长(抑瘤率为30.8%,P<0.05)。     

Random peptide libraries: a source of specific protein binding molecules

Libraries of random peptide sequences were constructed and screened to identify peptides that specifically bind to proteins. In one of these about 2 X 10(7) different 15-residue peptide sequences were expressed on the surface of the coliphage M13. Each phage encoded a single random sequence and expressed it as a fusion complex with pIII, a minor coat protein present at five molecules per phage. Phage encoding nine different streptavidin-binding peptide sequences were isolated from this library. The core consensus sequence was His-Pro-Gln and binding of these phage to streptavidin was inhibited by biotin. This type of library makes it possible to identify peptides that bind to proteins (or other macromolecules) that have no previously known affinity for peptides.     

Commitment of mouse fibroblasts to adipocyte differentiation by DNA transfection

Cells of the mouse cell line 3T3-F442A can be induced by various hormones to differentiate into adipocytes, whereas cells of 3T3-C2, a subclone of 3T3, cannot. However, transfection of DNA from uninduced 3T3-F422A cells into 3T3-C2 cells permits recovery of 3T3-C2 transfectants that differentiate into adipocytes in the presence of insulin. DNA isolated from human fat tissue, when transfected into 3T3-C2 mouse cells, also gives rise to mouse transfectants that are induced to differentiate into adipocytes by the addition of insulin. Apparently, transfection of a trans-regulatory gene (or genes) from 3T3-F442A or human fat cells into 3T3-C2 cells is sufficient to commit 3T3-C2 cells to adipocyte differentiation.     

Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa: member of a family of Arg-Gly-Asp--specific adhesion receptors

Adhesive interactions of the platelet surface with plasma proteins such as fibrinogen and fibronectin play an important role in thrombosis and hemostasis. The binding of both of these proteins to platelets is inhibited by synthetic peptides containing the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp, which corresponds to the cell adhesion site in fibronectin and is also present in the alpha chain of fibrinogen. An affinity matrix made of an insolubilized heptapeptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence selectively binds the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from detergent extracts of platelets. When incorporated into liposome membranes, the isolated protein confers to the liposomes the ability to bind to surfaces coated with fibrinogen, fibronectin, and vitronectin but not to surfaces coated with thrombospondin or albumin. This platelet receptor is related to the previously identified fibronectin and vitronectin receptors in that it recognizes an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence but differs from the other receptors in its wider specificity toward various adhesive proteins. These results establish the existence of a family of adhesion receptors that recognize the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp.     

Foxp3表达对黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖的影响

目的通过检测Foxp3在黑色素瘤B16细胞中的表达及其对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响,探讨Foxp3在黑色素瘤细胞中表达的可能作用.方法采用RT-PCR和免疫组化法检测B16细胞中Foxp3在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达;采用VigoFect转染试剂将pcDNA3.1-Foxp3真核表达载体瞬时转染B16细胞,RT-PCR和流式细胞术方法分别检测转染前后Foxp3基因和蛋白的表达;MTT方法检测Foxp3高表达后对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响.结果 B16细胞在mRNA和蛋白水平均表达Foxp3;瞬时转染后Foxp3转染组中Foxp3的表达显著高于空载体组和B16组（P〈0.01）;Foxp3转染组细胞A490 nm值在48 h和72 h与空载体组和B16组相比显著降低,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论黑色素瘤B16细胞Foxp3的表达可抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖.     

Suppression of antitumor immunity by stromal cells expressing fibroblast activation protein-alpha

The stromal microenvironment of tumors, which is a mixture of hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells, suppresses immune control of tumor growth. A stromal cell type that was first identified in human cancers expresses fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP). We created a transgenic mouse in which FAP-expressing cells can be ablated. Depletion of FAP-expressing cells, which made up only 2% of all tumor cells in established Lewis lung carcinomas, caused rapid hypoxic necrosis of both cancer and stromal cells in immunogenic tumors by a process involving interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Depleting FAP-expressing cells in a subcutaneous model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma also permitted immunological control of growth. Therefore, FAP-expressing cells are a nonredundant, immune-suppressive component of the tumor microenvironment.     

氮肥滴施次数及比例对机采棉产量和氮肥利用率的影响

【目的】 研究氮肥随水滴施次数和分配比例对机采棉生长、产量以及氮肥利用率的影响。【方法】 2017~2018两年田间试验,设置5个处理:(1)不施氮肥(CK),(2)施肥8次+前轻后重(习惯施肥,N8-B),(3)施肥8次+前重后轻(N8-F),(4)施肥10次+前轻后重(N10-B),(5)施肥10次+前重后轻(N10-F)。【结果】 增加氮肥施用次数显著提高棉花干物质重和氮素吸收量。在相同氮肥滴施次数下,氮肥分配“前重后轻”处理(F)棉花干物质重和氮素吸收量均显著高于“前轻后重”处理(B)。2017和2018年,施肥10次处理棉花产量较施肥8次处理分别增加17.9%和34.7%,棉花氮肥利用率分别提高了24.02和28.61个百分点。N8-F和N10-F处理棉花产量较相同施肥次数的N8-B和N10-B处理分别增加7.0%~11.1%和12.1%~21.5%,氮肥利用率分别提高了12.0~26.5和11.2~24.9个百分点。【结论】 增加氮肥滴施次数及前期施用比例可促进滴灌机采棉生长和氮素吸收,提高机采棉产量和氮肥利用率。     

Microinjection of a conserved peptide sequence of p34cdc2 induces a Ca2+ transient in oocytes

The product of the yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2, and its homologs in higher eukaryotes (p34cdc2), all contain a perfectly conserved sequence of 16 amino acids that has not been found in any other protein sequence. Microinjection of this peptide triggers a specific increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ that originates from intracellular stores in both starfish and Xenopus oocytes. Thus, p34cdc2 might interact through its conserved peptide domain with some component of the Ca2(+)-regulatory system.