水杨酸对黄瓜几种酶活性及抗病性的诱导作用

黄瓜幼苗经水杨酸处理后,ＰＯＤ、ＰＰＯ、ＰＡＬ３种酶活性均有不同程度的变化,与对照相比ＰＯＤ活性在处理后２４ｈ有明显提高,以后一直呈上升趋势,至１４４ｈ后较对照提高１９３．０％。ＰＰＯ活性变化相对较小,酶活性的明显提高在处理４８ｈ以后,处理后１４４ｈ时较对照提高６１．７％。ＰＡＬ在处理后７２ｈ时出现一个小的酶活性峰,较对照提高１７．６％,而后下降,１２０ｈ出现第２个活性峰,较对照提高３０．８％。处理后４ｄ接种霜霉病菌,调查结果表明：第１真叶处理较对照病情指数降低８．９％,第２真叶处理较对照降低２２．１％。     

黄瓜组织中几种酶活性与其对霜霉病抗性的关系

对抗，感霜霉病两类黄瓜品种的萌动种子，子叶，不同叶痊直叶及定位叶片感染霜霉病菌后叶内超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）和过氧化酶（ＰＯＤ）活性的测定结果表明：抗病品种比感染品种萌动种子中的ＳＯＤ活性高５４．１５％，ＰＰＯ活性高６２．１４％；子叶中的ＳＯＤ活性高３５．５１％，ＰＰＯ活性高４０．１０％，ＰＯＤ活性高７４．４７％；不同叶位真叶内，除ＳＯＤ活性为感病品种高于抗病品种１３１．．５     

白叶枯病菌对杂交稻纪苗叶片中活性氧清除剂的影响

不同抗性组合杂交稻威优６（Ｖ６）和汕优６３（Ｓ６３）,三叶期幼苗接种白叶枯病菌,染病后叶片中超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）活性显著增强。抗坏血酸（ＡＳＡ）、谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）和叶绿素含量下降,丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）积累,膜透性增大,抗病组合Ｖ６的变化幅度明显大于感病组合Ｓ６３。染病稻苗叶片膜脂脂肪酸组分发生变化,饱和脂肪酸的含量增加,不饱和脂肪酸指数（ＩＵＦＡ）     

低温对杂交一代黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

对四个黄瓜亲本及其杂交一代（Ｆ１）的生理特性试验研究表明，Ｆ１的相对电导值与双亲的相对电导值呈正相关关系。ＭＤＡ含量在低温处理４８ｈ后上升，７２ｈ后下降，较耐低温亲本的Ｆ１的ＭＤＡ含量低于双亲平均值，不耐低温亲本的Ｆ１的ＭＤＡ含量高于双亲的平均值。２低温处理７２ｈ后ＣＡＴ酶活性下降。ＰＯＤ酶活性上升；ＰＯＤ酶同工酶分析表明，低温处理后酶带数增加，耐低温的Ｆ１酶带增加较多。     

不同黄瓜杂交组合对接种白粉病菌的生理响应

为研究不同华南类型黄瓜组合接种白粉病菌的生理变化,以5个华南类型杂交组合为试验材料,在接种白粉病菌后0、1、3、6、9 d对叶片的病情指数、叶绿素含量、防御酶活性及渗透调节物质含量变化进行研究,并分析了这些生理指标变化与黄瓜白粉病抗性之间的关系。结果表明,根据病情指数对5个黄瓜杂交组合进行抗性分级,18C-3为抗病,18C-2和18C-4为中抗,18C-1和18C-5为感病;5个黄瓜组合接种白粉病菌后,叶绿素含量下降,抗病组合18C-3的叶绿素含量高于其他组合;大部分组合叶片内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化趋势为先下降后上升,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性变化趋势为上升-下降-再上升,抗病组合18C-3的防御酶活性显著高于其他组合,并且一直保持着较高的脯氨酸含量和较低的MDA含量,说明抗病组合比感病组合具有更强的防御能力和抗膜脂过氧化能力。本研究通过分析华南类型黄瓜组合接种后的相关生理指标变化,以及与黄瓜白粉病抗性之间的关系,筛选和鉴定抗病组合,以期为黄瓜白粉病的抗性鉴定及遗传育种提供更多的理论依据。     

黄瓜感染黑星病菌后的生理变化及抗病性的产生

对抗性不同黄瓜品种接种前后与抗性有关的酶活性、木质素含量、酚类物质含量进行测定，结果表明：接种前各品种的POD，PPO，PAL活性、木质素及酚类物质含量与品种的抗病性之间无相关性，接种后则与品种抗病性密切相关。抗病品种PAL活性峰在接种后24h出现，POD和PPO活性峰在接种后48～72h出现，酶活性提高幅度大；感病品种酶活性峰则在接种后72～96h出现，提高幅度小于抗病品种。抗病品种木质素含量的最大值出现在接种后24h，较未接种对照提高幅度大；感病品种木质素含量的最大值出现在接种后96h，较对照提高幅度小于抗病品种。接种后抗病品种比感病品种合成更多的酚类物质，而且酚类物质含量的变化与POD、PPO活性变化之间呈负相关性。     

甜瓜白粉病抗性反应中相关防御酶活性的变化

在人工接种条件下,通过测定接种后过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性,研究了甜瓜白粉病抗性反应中相关防御酶活性变化。结果表明,抗、感品种对照的POD、CAT、PPO酶活性无明显差异。接种后,它们的3种酶活性都比对照提高;抗性品种CAT活性高于感病品种;感病品种POD活性高于抗性品种;抗病品种PPO活性直到接种后5d才超过感病品种,并呈上升趋势。     

不同品种花生接种条纹病毒后叶片内过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的变化

对３个感病程度不同的花生品种的研究表明，接种后各品种花生植株叶片内ＰＯＤ活性明显提高，随着症状的出现，ＰＯＤ表现出显著的活性高峰，并出现了４条新的同工酶带，而原有的１条迁移率为０．３８的谱带消失。接种初期，花生叶片内ＳＯＤ活性有所提高，但高感品种接种８ｄ后ＳＯＤ活性低于健康对照，而耐病品种接种后１２ｄ才略低于对照。各处理之间ＳＯＤ同工酶谱带数相同，发病株的迁移率为０．４１的谱带较弱。     

黄瓜不同品种苗期感染枯萎病菌后几种酶活性的变化

分析了黄瓜不同抗性品种受枯萎病菌侵染后,叶片组织内过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。结果表明,无论是抗病品种还是感病品种,在接种枯萎病菌后,随着接种天数的增加,4种酶活性与对照相比均有一定程度的升高,但抗病品种的酶活性增加幅度高于感病品种。说明这4种酶在黄瓜对枯萎病的抗性机制中起了重要作用。     

大白菜中保护酶活性及H2O2含量变化与TuMV抗性关系的研究

选取抗TuMV的8407、河304和感TuMV的冠291和春月黄为试验材料,于苗期接种TuMV-C4,接种后测定24 d内叶片中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）这3种过氧化氢代谢相关酶的活性以及过氧化氢H2 O2的含量。结果表明：接种TuMV后, POD、CAT的活性及H2 O2含量的变化在不同材料之间存在明显差异。抗病材料在接种后,POD、CAT的活性及H2 O2含量虽有变化,但均能逐渐恢复正常;感病材料在接种后,POD、CAT的活性及H2 O2含量均有较大变化,且始终无法恢复正常。总体而言,叶片中的H2 O2和CAT与大白菜的TuMV抗性关系较为紧密,其次是POD,而SOD与TuMV抗性的关系不大。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

母猪繁殖障碍成因分析

繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素（如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄）、环境因素（如温度、湿度、通风、光照）、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6~9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L^-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5~6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法。结果表明,在含1%果胶酶+4%纤维素酶R-10+3%纤维素酶RS组合的酶解液中,保温4 h可制得产量较高、细胞碎片量较少的原生质体。     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.