滚揉技术对水晶包馅料品质的影响

采用真空滚揉技术制作水晶包馅料,以感官评分为主要评价指标,综合单因素试验和响应面试验,得到水晶包馅料的最佳滚揉技术参数为滚揉转速7.00 r/min,滚揉温度2.56℃,滚揉时间5.00 min;模型预测最大感官评分为85.178 6分,验证值为85.56分。验证结果表明,所建立模型预测精度较好,可用于滚揉技术参数的优化。     

艾草蜂蜜软面包研制

在传统软面包原料基础上通过改良配方开发一款艾草蜂蜜软面包。通过单因素试验与正交试验对艾草蜂蜜软面包的原料配方进行优化,确定了其最佳配方为高筋粉1 000 g,艾草粉100 g,蜂蜜90 g,酵母13 g,水310 g,食盐9 g,改良剂2.3 g,鸡蛋70 g,黄油90 g;并分析其主要营养成分,艾草蜂蜜软面包各方面营养指标优于对比组;最后分析了其在室温25℃下卫生指标,产品保质期限达到5 d。     

三七花菠萝夹心软糖的研制

以三七花和菠萝干为原料制作夹心软糖,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定制作夹心软糖的最佳配方为三七花粉用量0.34 g,柠檬酸用量0.46 g,菠萝干用量8.80 g,糖配比1∶1,明胶与水的质量比1∶5。在此工艺条件下制作的夹心软糖口感顺滑、耐咀嚼、风味独特。     

绿豆酥性饼干的制作工艺

以绿豆和低筋面粉为主要原料制作绿豆酥性饼干,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评价和质构分析的综合评分为指标,确定了绿豆酥性饼干的最佳工艺配方为绿豆粉35 g,白砂糖30 g,黄油35 g。通过正交设计试验确定了制作绿豆酥性饼干的最佳烘烤条件为面火温度190℃,底火温度180℃,烘烤时间10 min,并且通过SAS软件分析,感官评分和质构数据中饼干硬度呈负相关且相关性显著。     

响应面法优化红茶燕麦曲奇制备工艺

为提高曲奇产品的营养功能性，改善膳食结构及风味，以燕麦粉及红茶等为原辅料，制备红茶燕麦曲奇饼干。在单因素试验的基础上，采用响应面法对红茶燕麦曲奇的制备工艺进行优化。结果表明，产品最佳制备工艺为：小麦粉与燕麦粉质量比为5.5∶1，红茶粉添加量4.6%（以小麦粉与燕麦粉总质量计，以下同），木糖醇添加量15%，黄油添加量36%，脱脂乳粉添加量12%，面火温度180℃，底火温度160℃，烘烤时间22 min。质构分析结果表明，添加燕麦粉及红茶粉后，曲奇饼干的硬度、咀嚼性及脆性增加，黏着性和弹性降低。按照最佳工艺制作的曲奇口感酥脆，具有燕麦香气及红茶香，研究结果可为该产品市场化提供参考。     

五彩汤圆工艺条件的优化

以糯米粉为主要原料,采用北方"滚元宵"的方法制作汤圆。通过单因素试验研究影响汤圆品质的因素,采用正交试验确定汤圆制作的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为馅料用量5.5 g,糯米用量6 g,汁水用量4 m L,在此条件下,汤圆的色泽鲜艳、外形圆整、厚薄均匀、无裂口,具有该品种的滋味与气味,无异味。     

紫薯糊的工艺研究

通过试验研究了紫薯糊的制作工艺,对紫薯糊的制作原理进行探讨,并对操作要点进行了论述。主要研究了在制作紫薯糊的过程中紫薯用量、面粉用量、生粉用量、黄油用量对制糊效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定了最佳制糊配方:紫薯75 g,生粉115 g,黄油8 g,蛋液25 g,面粉75 g。     

丁香花凝胶暖胃保健软糖配方的研究与工艺优化

以丁香花、红枣、山楂、陈皮、红糖为主要原料制作丁香花凝胶暖胃保健软糖。采用感官品质评价结合质构仪测定的方法,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,研究制作丁香花凝胶暖胃保健软糖的最佳配方及工艺。结果表明,影响丁香花凝胶暖胃保健软糖品质因素的主次顺序为:凝胶剂添加量纤维总量柠檬酸添加量红糖添加量;其制作最佳配方为:纤维总量15 g(丁香粉∶枣粉∶山楂∶陈皮=4∶4∶2∶1)、淀粉糖浆20 g、红糖33 g、凝胶剂6 g(明胶∶卡拉胶=2∶1)、柠檬酸0.12 g;在45℃条件下干燥23~24 h得到的产品口感良好,风味浓郁,色泽适宜,硬度适中,感官品质最佳。     

复合山楂果粉加工工艺研究

以山楂为原料,以山楂果粉VC和水分含量为考察指标,筛选出制作山楂果粉的最佳干燥方法;同时在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化了复合山楂果粉的最佳配方。结果表明,山楂果粉以真空冷冻干燥制品中VC含量最高,达55.75 mg/100 g,喷雾干燥山楂果粉水分含量最低,为3.13%;复合山楂果粉的最佳配方为:山楂200 g、红枣35 g、白砂糖5 g、复合酸0.3 g、麦芽糊精30 g,该配方制得的山楂果粉呈淡玫瑰红色、酸甜可口、风味较好。     

柿子面包制作工艺研究

以富强粉、柿子为主要原料,以酵母、蜂蜜、牛奶、鸡蛋、橄榄油等为辅助原料,经过发酵、烘焙制成具有独特柿子香味,同时含有大量植物功能性成分,具有抗氧化、抗衰老等功效的柿子面包。通过单因素试验及正交试验确定面包的最佳配方。结果表明,面包制作最佳配方为柿子酱100 g,富强粉1 500 g,酵母35 g,蜂蜜100 g,牛奶600 g,鸡蛋200 g,橄榄油65 g,试验用烘烤温度200℃与烘烤时间15 min。     

蛹虫草紫薯曲奇饼干的研制

在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化了蛹虫草紫薯曲奇饼干的配方。结果表明,曲奇饼干的最佳配方为:低筋面粉100 g,紫薯粉添加量15 g,蛹虫草粉添加量6 g,绵白糖添加量50 g,黄油添加量70 g,鸡蛋添加量25 g,制得的产品色泽呈淡褐色,甜度适中,组织细腻。     

山药曲奇的工艺研制

以山药粉、低筋小麦粉为主要原料生产山药曲奇饼干,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最优配方。结果表明,以12%的山药粉添加量添加到面粉中,再以山药低筋粉用量200 g,鸡蛋液用量45 g,黄油用量140 g,绵白糖用量60 g,奶粉用量25 g,于180℃/160℃下烘烤15 min,得到的山药曲奇饼干口感酥脆、品质优良。     

柑橘皮膳食纤维在曲奇饼干中的应用研究

以汉中当地宫川柑橘为试材,从柑橘皮中提取水不溶性膳食纤维,用于曲奇饼干的制作。通过单因素试验和正交试验,对曲奇饼干的原料配方参数进行筛选。结果表明,柑橘皮膳食纤维曲奇饼干的最佳配方为:以低筋面粉质量100%计,牛奶添加量10%,蛋液添加量20%,黄油添加量40%,细砂糖添加量25%,膳食纤维添加量6%,所制得的柑橘皮膳食纤维曲奇饼干外观完整,表面呈棕黄色,口感酥脆、细腻,有奶香味,无杂质。     

香蕉细菌性软腐病防控药剂筛选及田间应用效果评价

为筛选出香蕉细菌性软腐病的有效防控药剂,通过室内抑菌、盆栽防效以及大田试验,系统开展香蕉细菌性软腐病防治药剂筛选,为生产上的防治提供参考和科学依据。采用含毒介质法中的最低抑制浓度法,测定包括抗生素类和非抗生素类等11种杀菌剂对香蕉细菌性软腐病菌的室内抑菌效果,筛选具有抑菌效果的10种药剂进行盆栽试验,并对4种盆栽试验防治效果较好的药剂开展田间防治试验。结果表明：（1）11种药剂中抗生素类药剂以四霉素抑菌效果较好,抑菌最低有效浓度为1.74 μg/mL,其次为硫酸链霉素、春雷霉素、中生菌素,抑菌最低有效浓度分别为9.10、29.50、89.10 μg/mL;非抗生素类药剂以铜制剂类抑菌效果较好,噻霉酮抑菌最低有效浓度为89.55 μg/mL,其次为王铜、噻菌铜,抑菌最低有效浓度分别为445.00、595.00 μg/mL。（2）春雷霉素的盆栽防治效果较好,防效达67.97%,其次为噻霉酮、中生菌素、噻菌铜,防效分别为64.58%、63.53%、61.83%。（3）春雷霉素防治效果达90.19%,其次为噻霉酮、中生菌素、噻菌铜,防治效果分别为89.84%、84.60%、74.59%。4种药剂对香蕉细菌性软腐病的田间防治效果较好,可作为该病害的防治药剂在生产中交替喷淋应用。     

国内饼干行业概况及发展趋势

依据国家统计局年度数据、国务院全国经济普查数据,以及饼干相关行业协会等专业单位发布的统计数据资源为基础,通过对近年来我国饼干及其他焙烤食品制造行业的产业规模、产区分布、发展趋势等方面进行综合分析,初步研究了国内饼干行业概况及发展趋势,以期推动我国饼干行业进一步蓬勃发展。     

High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits of the Most Commonly Grown Wheat Cultivars in the U.S. in 1984*

All wheat varieties (106) grown in the U.S. on more than 100,000 acres (38,610 ha) as of the latest (1984) crop variety survey were characterized by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) band patterns for each variety were assigned the corresponding Payne numbers and theoretical quality scores based on those assignments. The subunit assignments were compared for the different wheat varieties and the five main wheat classes grown in the U.S. Hard red spring (HRS) and winter (HRW) wheats used mainly for breadmaking showed a remarkably high percentage of bands associated with good breadmaking quality. The allele 5+10, which has the strongest association with good quality, was present in 91 % of the hard red spring wheats and 62 % of the hard red winter wheats. Also, 91 % of all HRS and 53 % of HRW wheat varieties had quality scores of 9 or 10 (10 is the highest possible score). Evidently, by selecting for quality through close cooperation with quality testing laboratories, U.S. breeders have unknowingly selected for high quality glutenin subunits in their released varieties. HRS and HRW wheat varieties are normally grown in different environments in time and/or space, accounting to a large extent for differences in protein content (～2 %) and other quality traits in the two crops. The uniformly high theoretical quality scores of the HRS wheats compared to more variable scores for HRW wheats may help to explain the popular perception that spring wheats have intrinsically higher quality than winter wheats. Admixing grain from variable (some poorer, most good) HRW wheat varieties (due to genetics or environment) has probably also led to the perception of overall lower quality for HRW than HRS wheats. In the soft red winter (SRW) and soft white (SW) wheat classes where the end-use is typically cookies and cakes, 40 and 90 %, respectively, have the allele 2+12 that correlates with poor bread baking quality. The absence of alleles for good bread baking quality may be predictive of good quality for soft wheat products.     

Location Decision Making of “Creative” Industries: The Media and Computer Game Sectors in Dublin,Ireland

There has been significant research undertaken examining the “creative class” thesis within the context of the locational preferences of creative workers. However, relatively little attention has been given to the locational preferences of creative companies within the same context. This paper reports on research conducted to qualitatively analyse the location decision making of companies in two creative sectors: media and computer games. We address the role of the so‐called “hard” and “soft” factors in company location decision making within the context of the creative class thesis, which suggests that company location is primarily determined by “soft” factors rather than “hard” factors. The study focuses upon “core” creative industries in the media and computer game sectors and utilises interview data with company managers and key elite actors in the sector to investigate the foregoing questions. The results show that “hard” factors are of primary importance for the location decision making in the sectors analysed, but that “soft” factors play quite an important role when “hard” factors are satisfactory in more than one competing city‐region.     

燕麦甜醅加工工艺优化

在传统燕麦甜醅加工的基础上,以脱皮燕麦为原料,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken设计试验,采用响应面法优化燕麦甜醅的发酵工艺参数,得到最佳加工工艺为:浸泡时间2.0 h,蒸煮时间1.0 h,加曲量2.0 g/kg,发酵温度28.0℃,发酵时间52.5 h,在此工艺参数下加工的燕麦甜醅,具有甜醅特有的色泽、香味,风味柔和,酸甜适口,麦粒分明,有一定咀嚼性,感官评分达到96.1分。     

水稻低直链淀粉资源筛选

为了在水稻外观品质改良的同时提高食味品质,通过对引自IRRI及中国水稻种质资源库的1000多份材料测定直链淀粉含量,并对IRRI资源测定外观品质。研究发现：目前水稻优良食味品种多数外观品质差,且“软米”标准欠缺。水稻直链淀粉含量分布十分宽,其中软米范围品种数量少,糯米品种较软米品种多,且分为优质糯稻与劣质糯稻两类。其他类型品种数量最多,直链淀粉含量变异最大,软米类型品种蛋白质含量显著高于糯稻及较高直链淀粉含量品种。本试验通过筛选获得12份软米资源,为软米选育提供了多样化资源,并给出了一个软米判定标准。