四川省2009—2020年植被覆盖度时空变化遥感动态监测

[目的]监测和分析四川省2009—2020年植被覆盖度时空变化特征,为定量评估区域生态环境提供重要的基础研究数据,也为城市规划及可持续城市发展提供科学参考。[方法]借助Google Earth Engine云计算平台,获取了2009—2020年四川省Landsat系列影像,利用像元二分模型对研究区植被覆盖度进行了定量估算。[结果](1)2009—2020年间,四川省主要以高、中高植被覆盖度为主,其面积可达全省面积的80%,而低、中低植被覆盖度面积所占比例低于10%。(2)从空间上分布,四川省植被覆盖度空间差异比较明显,植被覆盖度较低区域主要分布在成都平原经济区及川西部分地区;(3)从空间变化特征上分析,2009—2020年研究区的植被覆盖度整体呈现基本稳定趋势(44.39%),植被覆盖度改善的区域面积(30.78%)大于植被覆盖度退化区域(24.82%),其中明显退化区域面积所占比例最少,仅占全省面积的4.96%。[结论]总体上,2009—2020年四川省的植被覆盖状况良好,以高、中高植被覆盖度为主,植被覆盖度呈现基本稳定趋势。     

近20年黄河三角洲地区植被覆盖度时空变化及其趋势分析

[目的]探究黄河三角洲地区植被覆盖度的时空动态变化以及植被覆盖度对土地利用变化的响应机制,为地区生态保护、建设与高质量发展提供参考。[方法]基于2000—2019年的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据和2000—2020年5期土地利用数据,采用slope趋势分析和相关性分析等方法,分析了2000—2019年东营市植被覆盖度的时空动态变化及其对土地利用类型变化的响应。[结果]植被覆盖度在东营市南部地区、黄河沿岸以及黄河故道地区较高,而北部和东部沿海地区较低。在时间上,2000—2019年东营市NDVI为0.25～0.33,植被覆盖度呈现先增加后减少的趋势,在2010年达到最高水平。在空间上,东营市植被覆盖度改善区域面积大于退化区域,其面积占比分别为44.86%,37.94%。[结论]草地和未利用土地向城乡、工矿、居民用地和水域转化是造成植被覆盖退化的主要原因。     

气候变化对扎龙自然保护区植被生产力的影响

[目的]准确了解2010年以来扎龙自然保护区生态变化,为提高湿地生态系统服务价值评估能力提供数据支持和理论参考。[方法]基于遥感、气象、地面协同观测数据,利用CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型、GSMSR(Geostatistical Model of Soil Respiration)模型和回归分析等统计方法,分析气候变化对2010—2020年扎龙自然保护区土地覆盖、植被生态质量、净生态系统生产力(NEP)等的影响。[结果](1)扎龙自然保护区的主要土地覆盖类型为有水草甸,占保护区面积的37.24%,主要分布在核心区,但面积总体呈下降趋势;(2)植被覆盖度呈波动增长趋势,年最高植被覆盖度平均为74.62%;(3)植被生态质量指数呈增加趋势,2019,2020年处于“好”等级;NEP平均为253.59 g/(m²·a)(以C计),呈现东高西低的空间分布特征;(4)生长季平均固碳量为5.69×10⁵ t/a,释氧量1.52×10⁶ t/a,均存在上升趋势;(5)气温对生态监测指标...     

2000—2018年乌海市植被覆盖度时空变化

为了探究乌海市植被覆盖度时空动态变化特征以及预测NDVI变化趋势,基于Lantsat OLI/TM/ETM,DEM影像运用像元二分模型法、趋势分析法研究了乌海市2000—2018年植被覆盖度时空动态变化特征,重标极差(R/S)分析法的Hurst指数预测了乌海市未来NDVI变化趋势。结果表明:(1)2000—2018年乌海市植被覆盖度整体呈现上升趋势,增长速率为0.07%/10 a,植被覆盖度均值由22.26%增至41.30%;(2)空间上植被覆盖度呈现由西北向东南逐渐递增的趋势,植被覆盖度改善的区域大于退化区域,海南区改善趋势更明显;(3)从地形因子来看,植被覆盖度受高程、坡度影响较大,不同坡向间变化不明显;(4)乌海市大部分地区植被未来变化趋势为随机发展,持续改善区域占10.95%,持续退化区域占2.93%,海勃湾区持续变化性强,乌达区反持续变化性强。整体来看研究区2000—2018年植被覆盖度持续上升,植被改善明显,未来进行生态保护时应多关注地形因素和植被退化的区域,从而制定合理的政策。     

2000-2020年陕西省植被覆盖时空变化多尺度分析

[目的]退耕还林还草工程实施以来,陕西省植被覆盖度明显提高。然而,省级尺度上植被覆盖度的增加一定程度上掩盖了部分市、县级区域植被覆盖度下降的实事,当前迫切需要加强对不同空间尺度植被覆盖变化及其驱动因素的研究。[方法]基于MODIS NDVI数据计算了陕西省植被覆盖度,分析了2000—2020年陕西省、地区、市和县四级尺度植被覆盖度时空变化趋势。[结果]2000—2020年陕西省植被平均覆盖度为64.3%±2.1%,增长率为0.24%/a;陕北植被覆盖度平均为37.6%±4.4%,增长率为0.63%/a;陕南植被覆盖度平均为89.6%±1.2%,增长率为0.13%/a;关中植被覆盖度平均为70.6%±3.5%,下降率为-0.18%/a。延安市、榆林市、铜川市、宝鸡市、安康市、商洛市的植被覆盖度呈持续增加趋势,而西安市、渭南市、咸阳市和汉中市的植被覆盖度呈先增加后下降趋势;全省有72.3%的区县植被覆盖度呈增加趋势,有22.3%的区县植被覆盖度变化方向与所在市相反。在不同空间尺度上,陕西省植被覆盖度增速均表现为2000—2010年高于2010—2020年,这与两个时期的造林面积差异有关。[...     

黄河源区玛曲县植被覆盖度及其气候变化研究

以MODIS—NDVI遥感数据为基础,利用像元二分模型对玛曲县2000—2010年的植被覆盖度进行估算,对植被覆盖度的时空变化特征进行分析,并探讨了植被覆盖度与降水量和气温之间的响应关系。结果表明:近10a来玛曲县植被覆盖度变化呈明显波动起伏且总体略有增加趋势,高植被覆盖度和较高植被覆盖度的数量变化剧烈,中植被覆盖度、较低植被覆盖度和低植被覆盖度分布相对稳定;不同等级植被覆盖度在各乡范围及基于地形特征的空间分布差异十分显著;在年际与生长季的变化水平上,气温与降水量都对植被覆盖度有影响,其中气温比降水量的影响更加显著。     

2000—2020年湖北省土地利用变化对植被覆盖度的影响

[目的] 土地利用及其对陆地生态系统的影响是当前全球变化研究的重要内容。科学分析土地利用变化对植被覆盖度的影响,促进社会经济与生态环境质量的协调发展及地区经济的平衡发展,为政府部门对区域生态保护和恢复管理提供借鉴和参考。[方法] 以湖北省为研究对象,利用2000,2020年2期Landsat遥感影像、土地利用遥感数据,利用遥感数据的空间处理、像元二分模型、土地利用转移矩阵等方法,分析研究湖北省植被覆盖的时空变化、土地利用类型变化特征及其对植被覆盖度的影响。[结果] ①2000-2020年,湖北省耕地、草地和未利用地面积减少,水域以及建设用地面积增加,林地面积基本保持不变,其面积大小顺序为:林地>耕地>水域>建设用地>草地>未利用地。②湖北省植被覆盖度平均值上升了6.50 %。林地、耕地、草地和未利用地的平均植被覆盖度均有所增加,建设用地的平均植被覆盖度有所降低。③湖北省植被覆盖度总体呈现增加的趋势。植被覆盖度增大的区域主要集中在湖北省的西部和东南部地区,局部地区也存在植被退化的区域,主要集中在湖北省中南部及襄阳北方部分区域。④不同土地利用类型FVC转移过程中,耕地较高植被覆盖与高植被覆盖之间的转移过程最为剧烈,林地不同等级植被覆盖的转移量占转移总量的47.87 %,草地不同水平植被覆盖度的转移量占转移总量比例较小,仅为3.40 %。[结论] 2000-2020年湖北省土地利用变化较大,不同土地利用类型的植被覆盖度相互转移,尤其是林地、耕地及草地的平均植被覆盖度均有所增加,使得湖北省近20 a来整体植被覆盖度呈现出上升趋势。     

2000-2018年赣江上游植被覆盖度时空演化及其对气候变化的响应

[目的] 对赣江上游植被覆盖度时空演化及其对气候变化响应的研究，为区域的生态环境保护提供科学依据和数据支撑。[方法] 基于MODIS NDVI数据，结合年平均气温和年降水量数据，运用趋势分析、变异系数、Hurst指数与相关分析等方法对赣江上游2000—2018年的植被覆盖度时空演化及其对气候变化的响应进行了分析。[结果] ①赣江上游植被覆盖度呈显著增加趋势，增速为5.21%/10 a，空间上呈现四周高中间低的特征，且以高植被覆盖为主；研究区植被覆盖度呈极显著和显著增加的分别占25.59%和39.7%，极显著和显著减少的分别占1.32%和2.46%，而变化不显著的占57.84%；②研究区植被覆盖总体上比较稳定，平均变异系数为14.73%；Hurst分析显示赣江上游植被变化反持续性要强于持续性，总体上以弱反持续性为主；③研究区植被生长总体上受气温影响强于降水量，但存在空间差异。[结论] 赣江上游植被覆盖度变化较小，未来将呈微弱下降趋势，气温是影响植被生长的主要气候因子。     

1999-2019年西南喀斯特地区NDVI时空变化及其气候驱动

[目的]西南喀斯特地区生态环境脆弱,对其植被覆盖变化及气候驱动机制进行研究具有重要意义。[方法]基于1999—2019年SPOT NDVI数据和同期209个气象站点的气温和降水数据,采用Theil-Sen+Mann-Kendall趋势分析法、偏相关分析和复相关分析法,探讨西南喀斯特地区NDVI时空变化及其气候驱动。[结果]1999—2019年西南喀斯特地区NDVI呈显著上升趋势,整体植被覆盖较好;NDVI变化主要以极显著上升趋势为主,仅5.73%的地区呈退化趋势。NDVI与气温和降水整体上均呈正偏相关关系,气温对NDVI的影响强于降水,且存在空间差异性。NDVI与气温和降水的复相关显著性通过0.05,0.01水平的面积分别占15.12%,5.68%;NDVI主要受气温驱动,占研究区面积的13.90%,其他气候因子驱动类型占比均未超过3%。[结论]揭示了西南喀斯特地区植被覆盖的时空变化特征,明确了气候因子对植被覆盖变化的驱动机制。     

气候变化和人类活动对黄河流域砒砂岩区植被覆盖的影响

[目的] 砒砂岩区是黄河流域土壤侵蚀最为严重的区域,探讨该地区植被覆盖度变化状况及其影响的驱动因素,以期为该区植被恢复及生态重建工作提供科学参考。[方法] 基于2000—2022年的MOD13Q1 NDVI数据,运用Sen趋势、Mann-Kendall显著性检验、Hurst指数、残差分析等方法分析砒砂岩区研究期内的植被覆盖度时空变化趋势,并探究植被覆盖度与气候因子及人类活动的响应关系。[结果] ①2000—2022年砒砂岩区植被覆盖度增加,增速为4%/a（p<0.05）;空间尺度上,研究区植被覆盖度在3个区有明显的分异效果,整体呈现“南高北低,东高西低”的分布态势; ②研究期内,砒砂岩区植被覆盖度与降水量呈正相关区域占总面积的66.30%,负相关区域占总面积的33.70%;与气温呈正相关区域占总面积的92.19%,负相关区域占总面积的7.81%; ③残差分析结果表明,2000—2011年人类活动多以负面影响为主,2012—2022年人类活动多以正向影响为主。[结论] 研究期间砒砂岩区植被覆盖度呈显著上升趋势,与年均气温的相关性高于年降雨量,且一系列生态保护工程为改善植被情况做出了巨大贡献。     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。     

Potential of wild species for genetic enhancement of some semi-arid food crops

Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications     

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.     

Einfluss der düngungsmethoden auf die entwicklung von zuckerrübenkrankheiten

Während neunjähriger (1994-2002) Untersuchungen in der Versuchsanstalt Ba?cyny (Fahlerde, Fall-Gleyboden, ausgebildet aus leichtem Lehmboden) wurde der Befall mit Krankheiten an der Zuckerrübe in Abhängigkeit von der Düngungsmethode bewertet. Folgende Methoden wurden angewendet: A - Mineraldünger, B - Stalldung und Mineraldünger, C - Stroh-, Gründung und Mineraldünger, D - Kompostdünger und Biopräparate (ökologische Düngung). Auf den Objekten A, B, C wurden bei konstanter Phosphor-Kalium-Düngung die Stickstoffgaben von 0 bis 180 kg.ha^?1 differenziert. Auf dem ökologischen Objekt D ohne Mineraldünger wurden statt Stickstoff die Biopräparate P₅₀₀ und P₅₀₁ verabreicht. Der geringste Befall von Krankheiten wurde an der Zuckerrübe auf jenem Objekt festgestellt, das mit Kompost und den Biopräparaten gedüngt worden war. Im Rahmen der konventionellen Düngungsmethoden wurde allgemein die höchste Intensität der Krankheiten an der mit Stroh, Gründung und Mineraldünger gedüngten Zuckerrübe beobachtet. Ausnahmen von dieser Regel bildete das Vorkommen von echtem Mehltau und Keimlingsfäule. Auf den Objekten A, B, C nahm die Intensität der Krankheiten mit der Steigerung der Stickstoffgabe zu. Auch die auf Objekt D verabreichten Biopräparate stimulierten die Entwicklung der Krankheiten. The effect of various fertilization methods on the diseases of sugar beet was estimated on the basis of nine-year studies (1994-2002) conducted in the Experimental Production Farm in Ba?cyny on loess-based, sedimentary-gley, light-clay soil. The following fertilization methods were applied: A - mineral fertilization, B - mineral and manure fertilization, C - straw, green manure and mineral fertilization, D - ecological compost and biodynamic preparations fertilization. In the objects A, B and C fertilized with phosphorus and potassium, various doses of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 180 kg/ha^?1 were used. In the ecological object D, where mineral fertilization was not used, biodynamic preparations P₅₀₀ and P₅₀₁ were applied instead of nitrogen. The lowest ratio of the diseases of sugar beet was observed in the object fertilized with the compost and biodynamic preparations. In view of the conventional fertilization methods, generally the highest incidence of diseases was noted in the sugar beet fertilized with straw, green manure and mineral fertilizers. The exception was the occurrence of powdery mildew and the black leg. In objects A, B and C the incidence of the diseases increased with the increase in nitrogen doses. The applied biodynamical preparations in the object D stimulated the development of diseases too.     

Prospects for control of Pythium damping-off of lettuce with Trichoderma,Gliocladium and Enterobacter spp.

Summary Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P. ultimum sporangia g^-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2×10⁵ viable propagules g^-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents.