龙须草的容器育苗技术和移栽要点

龙须草传统的分蔸移栽法成活率仅30%左右,且对老草场多有损伤,影响龙须草产量。为提高龙须草的出芽率和成活率,淅川县对龙须草进行容器育苗试验,使龙须草的出芽率和成活率提高到95%以上,效益可观。     

油菜漂浮育苗移栽技术简介

漂浮育苗具有管理简单、出苗率高、病虫害少、移栽成活率高等优点,已广泛应用于烤烟和蔬菜等育苗行业。开展油菜漂浮育苗移栽试验,取得了不错的效果。从漂浮育苗盘的选择和消毒、漂浮池清洗消毒、营养液配制及后期管理、基质的准备和装盘、播期选择和播种方式、播种后苗期管理、大田整地、适时移栽、适当稀植、提高移栽质量、大田管理等方面介绍油菜漂浮育苗移栽关键技术。     

陕北地区小冠花育苗方式对比试验

小冠花是一种适应性较强、产草量高的多年生优良草种 ,但该草种子硬实多、幼苗期生长弱 ,在陕北地区大面积直播种植较为困难 ,而育苗移栽可节省种子资源、提高成活率 ,且简单易行 ,便于推广。试验采取冷床育苗和覆盖育苗两种方法进行对比 ,结果表明覆盖育苗较冷床育苗出苗株数翻倍 ,净增产值显著 ,尤以地膜覆盖更为明显 ,产值是冷床育苗的两倍以上 ,值得普及推广     

简捷高效沙棘硬枝扦插育苗技术研究

为创新简捷高效的沙棘硬枝扦插育苗技术,在保证水分的前提下,利用育秧盘开展了沙棘硬枝扦插育苗技术试验研究,探索扦插品种、插穗、生长调节剂等因素对育苗成活率的影响,以及移栽时期与成活率和生长量的关系。结果表明:在插穗长度试验中,选取粗度0.3 cm以上的一年生枝条,剪切为8 cm长的插穗,其扦插效果好于其他长度;生长调节剂浓度试验中,采用100 mg/L双吉尔-GGR6生根粉浸泡处理2~4 h,扦插效果比较适宜,平均成活率达91.70%;在不同品种扦插效果对比中,杂交种的成活率明显高于俄罗斯品种,且达到了显著水平;在移栽时间试验中,扦插50 d后进行苗木移栽成活率达98.37%,秋季平均苗高59.86 cm、地径0.42 cm以上、根系5条以上、根长20.64 cm,苗木粗壮,达到了沙棘造林苗木标准,造林成活率高。     

杂交构树在陇东黄土高原地区扦插育苗技术研究

在平凉市崆峒区安国镇的简易日光温棚中进行了杂交构树扦插育苗试验和生产实践,摸索出了杂交构树嫩枝短穗扦插育苗技术和根扦插技术,使扦插成活率达85%以上,苗木移栽成活率达到70%以上,解决了杂交构树在陇东黄土高原地区扦插育苗的技术难题。     

几种常见的育苗基质主要特性的研究

蔬菜穴盘育苗不仅能保证秧苗质量,而且还具有提高移栽成活率、适于远距离运输、搬运轻便等特点。由于穴盘育苗技术的引进和发展,育苗基质已经成为必须解决的问题。本试验旨在对几种常见基质的基本特性进行研究,为组配蔬菜穴盘育苗基质奠定基础。     

龙须草分蘖规律初探

龙须草分蘖特性与禾本科多数植物类似,但是其分蘖能力极强,一颗种子苗一年可分百蘖以上。龙须草分蘖的多寡、快慢与品种、播种期、移栽期、温度、水分、光照、坡向和养分等因素有关,其中温度和水分是主导因子。龙须草耐旱性虽强,但以70％左右的田间持水量对分蘖最为有利。水热同步的夏季为龙须草分蘖高峰期。     

酸浆纸筒育苗技术

为探索酸浆新型栽培技术模式、解决半干旱区酸浆直播难以出苗问题,参照甜菜纸筒育苗技术,进行了酸浆纸筒育苗技术研究。从种子处理、育苗土挖取、药剂及肥料合理配施、苗前及苗期管理等方面详述了整个育苗过程。实践表明,酸浆纸筒育苗技术经济实用,移栽成活率高。     

机械移栽方式对水稻生理生育动态的影响

为了研究不同的机械移栽方式导致水稻产量及主要性状差异的机理，以平盘育苗机械插秧、钵盘育苗机械抛秧和摆秧(以下简称机插秧、机抛秧和机摆秧)3种机械移栽方式和3个不同的水稻品种，进行了水稻田间栽培对比试验，对水稻群体主要生育动态指标进行了分析比较，结果表明：钵盘育苗较平盘育苗健壮、素质好，并可实现浅植，移栽过程中植伤轻、返青快、分孽早；机摆秧既发挥了钵盘育苗的优势又实现了有序移栽，水稻群体生理、生育动态指标最佳；3种机械移栽方式的水稻群体生理、生育动态指标排序与产量排序一致，即机摆秧好于机插秧，机插秧好于机抛秧。     

兰州地区园林景观工程中的大树夏季移植技术

大树移栽成活率是园林工程施工成败的关键，关系到园林工程的景观效果。为了有效地提高大树移栽成活率，根据兰州地区的气候特点，结合多年园林景观施工中的大树移植施工经验，从大树移栽前准备，移植大树起苗、运输、栽植及大树移植后的养护管理等环节，总结出兰州地区园林景观工程中的大树夏季移植技术。     

Physical Properties of the Soils of Sibay City of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific...     

Heterogeneity of Organic Matter of Aggregates of Protocalcic Chernozems

Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,...     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

姬松茸多糖提取工艺的优化

对姬松茸子实体多糖提取的工艺条件中的多糖提取温度、提取时间、浸提液pH值3因子的最优化组合问题进行了定量研究,建立了具有良好预测性能的姬松茸多糖提取条件的模型,并利用回归模型对工艺条件的最优化组合,对各单因子要素的多糖得率及其交互作用进行了探讨。试验表明,当浸提温度为100℃、浸提时间为3h、浸提液pH值为6.3时多糖得率处于较高水平     

青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

济南山丘区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局分析

土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局的形成及其变化是自然的和人为的多种因素相互作用的结果 ,运用景观生态学原理 ,通过分析景观斑块的类型、数量、面积大小和空间组合状况 ,揭示出济南市山丘区的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分布特征及空间变异规律     

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of Varzea soils of Goias State of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados.     

Estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of agrophytocenoses soils of the subtropical zone of Russia

An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn periods.     

淤地坝坝体体积的计算

对于已确定的淤地坝坝址,坝体的纵断面（即沟道横断面）是一定的。根据实测的沟造横断面,以沟底最低点为坐标原点,沟道一侧的岸壁曲线可用幂函数形式表示之。利用这种幂函数关系,对于坝坡均一的坝体．在设定坝顶宽、坝高和上下游边坡之后,作者推导出沟道一侧坝体体积的计算公式;沟道两侧的坝体体积即为坝体总体积。对于非均一坝坡、设有马道的坝和坝体加高的体积,可将坝体横断面分割为由几个均一坝坡组成的坝体断面,分别计算其体积。这种计算方法的精度,取决于坝址横断面岸壁曲线回归方程与实际岸壁的符合程度。