1990—2020年阿拉尔垦区生态环境质量动态监测与评价

[目的]借助遥感生态指数(RSEI)对阿拉尔垦区生态环境质量进行动态监测与评价,分析1990—2020年研究区生态环境变化及驱动因素,为阿拉尔垦区发展和生态保护提供科学参考。[方法]选取1990,2000,2011和2020年4期Landsat TM/ETM~+/OLI影像数据,耦合绿度指标(NDVI)、湿度指标(WET)、干度指标(NDSI)、热度指标(LST)构建RSEI,结合研究区气候、人口、经济等驱动因素探究阿拉尔垦区生态环境质量动态变化。[结果] 1990—2020年阿拉尔垦区RSEI均值从0.344上升至0.468,生态环境质量总体好转;1990—2020年阿拉尔垦区生态环境质量变好区域主要位于垦区北部和南部地区,改善面积达1 756.36 km~2,占总面积45.92%;生态环境质量受自然因素和社会经济因素影响,社会经济因素对阿拉尔垦区生态环境质量变化起主导作用。[结论]近30 a来阿拉尔垦区生态环境得到有效改善。遥感生态指数(RSEI)在一定程度上可以快速、有效地反映1990—2020年阿拉尔垦区生态环境质量变化。     

白龙江流域生态环境质量动态监测与评价

[目的] 分析1990—2020年白龙江流域生态环境变化及驱动因素,为流域可持续发展提供科学依据和决策支持。[方法] 逐年筛选植被生长季6—9月的Landsat TM/OLI影像数据,计算绿度(NDVI)、湿度(WET)、热度(LST)、干度(NDSI)4个生态指标,采用主成分分析法(PCA)构建遥感生态指数(RSEI),对白龙江流域生态环境进行评价。[结果] 1990—2020年白龙江流域RSEI均值从0.531上升至0.675,生态环境质量总体好转;生态环境质量改善区域主要位于舟曲—武都段的白龙江两岸、宕昌县西北及岷江东岸,改善面积达8 393.97 km²,占总面积45.55%;各生态指标对于生态环境质量影响程度在1990年干度＞湿度＞热度＞绿度;2006年干度＞绿度＞湿度＞热度;2020年绿度＞湿度＞干度＞热度。[结论] 利用GEE平台实现RSEI模型扩展了在大范围尺度、长时间序列下对区域生态环境质量监测与评价,近年来白龙江流域生态环境质量整体呈改善态势,对于流域的保护治理工作仍需继续。     

基于遥感生态指数的黄山世界遗产地生态环境评价

[目的]定量评价黄山世界遗产地的生态环境质量,为有关部门制定规划和管理决策提供科学依据。[方法]以黄山世界遗产地核心区和缓冲区共同作为研究区,基于Landsat卫星影像提取绿度、湿度、干度、热度指标分量,并利用主成分分析方法构建遥感生态指数(RSEI)。结合地理信息系统空间分析和统计方法对研究区内生态环境质量进行定量评价。[结果] 1992—2017年研究区内RSEI指标数值由0.573上升为0.638,生态环境质量呈明显上升趋势。在3期数据中,RSEI等级为中和良的比例均达到了65%以上,占主导地位,保护区内整体生态环境质量较好。RSEI等级为差和较差的土地中,有近63.6%的土地转变为RSEI等级更高的土地,保护区内生态环境质量明显改善。[结论]黄山世界遗产地生态环境质量稳步提升,有关部门的保护措施初见成效,需进一步协调发展与保护的关系,实现黄山世界遗产地的可持续发展。     

基于GEE云计算的南宁市生态环境质量时空分异监测

[目的]利用遥感技术及时、动态、客观地监测和评估城市生态环境质量变化,为城市生态环境规划与管理提供参考。[方法]以南宁市为案例,利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台对2000—2020年Landsat系列遥感影像进行像元级融合、消除色彩、去云等预处理,计算绿度、湿度、干度和热度这4个遥感指标,并采用主成分分析法构建遥感生态指数,定量评价南宁市生态环境质量动态变化及空间分异特征。[结果]南宁市RSEI多年平均值为0.615,总体呈现“下降—上升—稳定”的波动上升趋好的态势。生态环境质量较好的区域主要是自然保护区、山林地、草地和水域,生态环境质量较差的区域则集中于人类活动频繁,土地利用强度较大的城镇及城乡交错区、农耕区。生态环境质量与植被绿度和湿度指标呈正相关,与干度和热度指标呈负相关,且干度指标因子对RSEI影响程度最大。[结论]南宁市2000—2020年生态环境质量总体处于良好水平且呈上升态势。结合GEE和RSEI指数能够较好地反映城市生态环境质量,为城市生态环境质量长时间序列监测提供计算平台。     

长江流域生态环境质量的时空演变特征及其驱动因素

[目的]探究2001—2021年长江不同子流域生态环境质量动态变化及其主导驱动因素,以期为长江流域生态环境保护与经济发展战略的协调发展提供理论依据。[方法]基于MODIS数据提取了2001—2021年5—11月长江流域遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index, RSEI),并基于RSEI分析了长江流域近21 a来生态环境质量动态及其驱动因素。[结果](1)长江流域中下游生态质量高于上游,南部高于北部。除2006年外,生态质量在中等级以上的面积占80%以上,整体生态水平较好。(2)生态环境质量变化整体以稳定变化为主,呈上升趋势的区域有乌江、太湖水系、宜宾至宜昌、宜宾至湖口、金沙江流域。(3)RSEI变化的主要驱动因素为湿度指标,其次为温度指数。(4)生态环境质量受到风速的正影响较大。气温升高会导致长江流域生态环境质量变差,但在金沙江流域、鄱阳湖流域、嘉陵江流域和湖口及以下干流地区气温升高有利于生态环境质量改善。(5)降水增多有利于大部分地区生态环境质量改善。[结论] 2001—2021年流域生态环境质量整体以不变趋势为主,但嘉陵江流域生态呈现退化现象需...     

基于遥感生态指数的神东矿区1995-2020年生态环境质量的时空变化特征分析

[目的] 分析神东矿区1995—2020年生态环境质量时变化特征,为改善该区域生态环境提供科学依据。[方法] 基于1995—2020年6期Landsat 5 TM及Landsat 8 OLI数据,利用主成分分析法,选用干度指标（NDSI）、绿度指标（NDVI）、热度指标（LST）、湿度指标（WET）构建遥感生态指数（RSEI）。运用重分类将RSEI分为5级,按照重心迁移方法分析RSEIⅠ—Ⅴ等级的重心迁移情况,并分析RSEI的空间变化规律,实现利用RSEI对神东矿区的生态环境质量的动态监测和评价。[结果] ①神东矿区在1995—2020年生态环境状况明显提升,其中呈上升趋势的面积占矿区总面积的42.22%,绿度、干度指标对矿区生态环境质量影响较大。②矿区生态环境质量各级土地利用类型以草地、耕地为主,且生态环境质量变化受耕地、草地面积变化影响较大。③矿区生态环境质量主要以Ⅱ,Ⅲ级为主,Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅴ级迁移幅度较大且重心整体向矿区西南、西北方向迁移。[结论] 1995—2020年神东矿区生态环境质量呈现总体上升态势,受植被生长情况和人类活动因素影响较大。     

闽江流域生态环境质量动态变化及其驱动力

[目的]探究闽江流域生态环境质量动态变化的驱动因子及相互作用,为该流域生态环境质量改善和实现人与自然和谐发展提供理论支持。[方法]选用2001—2020年的MODIS系列遥感数据,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台计算闽江流域的遥感生态指数(RSEI),结合趋势分析研究闽江流域生态环境质量的时空变化,最后通过地理探测器探测RSEI的驱动因子。[结果](1)RSEI计算结果中4个生态指标的第一主成分平均贡献率达到69.01%,说明RSEI能够充分反映闽江流域生态环境质量状况。(2)闽江流域生态环境质量良好且向好发展。2001—2020年闽江流域的RSEI均值由0.618上升到0.701,生态环境质量等级优良的面积比例增加了19.16%,流域90.28%的地区生态环境质量有所改善。[结论]闽江流域生态环境质量受多个因子共同影响,其中海拔和夜间灯光对闽江流域生态环境质量解释度较高,是主要的影响因素和驱动力,因子间的相互作用均会加大对生态环境质量的影响。     

基于RSEI模型的砒砂岩区生态环境质量演变研究

[目的]探究砒砂岩区生态环境质量状况，为当地生态环境治理工作提供科学依据。[方法]基于GIS和RS技术，利用遥感生态指数RSEI模型，分析砒砂岩区2001—2020年生态环境质量时空演变。[结果](1)基于砒砂岩区4期影像数据提取的遥感生态指数RSEI呈现先下降后上升的趋势，表明生态环境质量在缓慢改善；(2)绿度生态指标与湿度生态指标对砒砂岩区生态环境质量起正向作用，干度生态指标与热度生态指标会起到负面作用，并且绿度生态指标对生态环境质量改善的贡献率更高；(3)在2001—2020年间，生态环境质量改善区域占到研究区总面积的36.79%;生态环境质量恶化区域占15.68%,多为轻度退化。[结论]砒砂岩区2001—2020年间生态环境质量总体呈现出上升趋势，且生态环境质量对人为活动高度敏感，因此在改善生态环境的同时还需融入生态保护理念，做到人与自然和谐共生。     

2000-2020年滇中城市群生态环境质量动态监测及空间格局演变

[目的] 分析生态环境质量时空变化规律及其异质性,为政府及相关部门制定生态环境保护政策提供科学依据。[方法] 采用GEE(google earth engine)平台选取滇中地区2000—2020年Landsat影像,逐年提取遥感生态指数RSEI(remote sensing ecological index),运用冷热点分析、标准差椭圆、生态环境重心转移等空间分析方法探索生态环境质量的时空演变规律。[结果] ①滇中城市群整体生态环境质量总体呈不断下降趋势,RSEI均值从2000年的0.51下降到2020年的0.46。②从空间分布上看,除个别年份外总体上滇中东部地区生态环境质量明显好于西部地区,生态环境质量较好的区域大多森林覆盖率较高。③近20 a来滇中城市群生态环境空间分布呈南—北方向,同时城市群生态环境质量整体呈现出一定的聚集性。[结论] 滇中城市群生态环境变差与城市群建成区高速扩展,气候异常,植被破坏,水土流失加剧等有着密切的关系,为此应加强生态建设,提升滇中城市群生态环境质量。     

基于遥感生态指数的新疆干旱区博乐市生态变化分析

[目的]结合遥感方法分析新疆维吾尔自治区博乐市生态变化,为该区生态保护提供理论依据。[方法]以博乐市1997年、2007年和2016年3期Landsat系列影像为数据源,提取绿度、湿度、干度和热度4个指数,通过主成分分析耦合出遥感生态指数(RSEI),对博乐市生态环境质量进行了监测和评价。[结果]研究区属于MODS(山地—绿洲—荒漠)系统,总体RSEI指数较低,由差和较差主导;1997—2016年博乐市的生态环境质量呈明显改善趋势,遥感生态指数RSEI从0.250提高到0.422,等级为优和良的比例从11.24%上升到26.20%;改善的区域面积明显大于变差的面积,改善的区域主要分布在北部山地、中部绿洲和南部天山西部北麓荒漠区域。生态环境恶化的区域主要集中在中部绿洲的耕地和城镇建设用地区域。[结论]荒漠生态建设和扩大绿洲面积对生态环境的改善有积极影响,同时也要合理配置资源和土地利用。     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.     

Einfluss der düngungsmethoden auf die entwicklung von zuckerrübenkrankheiten

Während neunjähriger (1994-2002) Untersuchungen in der Versuchsanstalt Ba?cyny (Fahlerde, Fall-Gleyboden, ausgebildet aus leichtem Lehmboden) wurde der Befall mit Krankheiten an der Zuckerrübe in Abhängigkeit von der Düngungsmethode bewertet. Folgende Methoden wurden angewendet: A - Mineraldünger, B - Stalldung und Mineraldünger, C - Stroh-, Gründung und Mineraldünger, D - Kompostdünger und Biopräparate (ökologische Düngung). Auf den Objekten A, B, C wurden bei konstanter Phosphor-Kalium-Düngung die Stickstoffgaben von 0 bis 180 kg.ha^?1 differenziert. Auf dem ökologischen Objekt D ohne Mineraldünger wurden statt Stickstoff die Biopräparate P₅₀₀ und P₅₀₁ verabreicht. Der geringste Befall von Krankheiten wurde an der Zuckerrübe auf jenem Objekt festgestellt, das mit Kompost und den Biopräparaten gedüngt worden war. Im Rahmen der konventionellen Düngungsmethoden wurde allgemein die höchste Intensität der Krankheiten an der mit Stroh, Gründung und Mineraldünger gedüngten Zuckerrübe beobachtet. Ausnahmen von dieser Regel bildete das Vorkommen von echtem Mehltau und Keimlingsfäule. Auf den Objekten A, B, C nahm die Intensität der Krankheiten mit der Steigerung der Stickstoffgabe zu. Auch die auf Objekt D verabreichten Biopräparate stimulierten die Entwicklung der Krankheiten. The effect of various fertilization methods on the diseases of sugar beet was estimated on the basis of nine-year studies (1994-2002) conducted in the Experimental Production Farm in Ba?cyny on loess-based, sedimentary-gley, light-clay soil. The following fertilization methods were applied: A - mineral fertilization, B - mineral and manure fertilization, C - straw, green manure and mineral fertilization, D - ecological compost and biodynamic preparations fertilization. In the objects A, B and C fertilized with phosphorus and potassium, various doses of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 180 kg/ha^?1 were used. In the ecological object D, where mineral fertilization was not used, biodynamic preparations P₅₀₀ and P₅₀₁ were applied instead of nitrogen. The lowest ratio of the diseases of sugar beet was observed in the object fertilized with the compost and biodynamic preparations. In view of the conventional fertilization methods, generally the highest incidence of diseases was noted in the sugar beet fertilized with straw, green manure and mineral fertilizers. The exception was the occurrence of powdery mildew and the black leg. In objects A, B and C the incidence of the diseases increased with the increase in nitrogen doses. The applied biodynamical preparations in the object D stimulated the development of diseases too.     

Prospects for control of Pythium damping-off of lettuce with Trichoderma,Gliocladium and Enterobacter spp.

Summary Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P. ultimum sporangia g^-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2×10⁵ viable propagules g^-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents.     

细菌、真菌及植物氮营养信号研究进展

氮素吸收代谢是所有生物生命活动的核心部分,因此,各种生物对氮的吸收与同化过程都有精细的调节。这种调节依赖于生物对体内氮素状况信号及体外（生长介质中）氮素信号的感受。过去几十年中,在细菌、真菌中已经对氮素营养信号有了较好的研究,而植物中则相对缓慢,但也有了一定的认识。本文重点比较细菌、真菌及植物中氮信号系统的组成,以期为进一步认识植物中的氮信号接受与转导系统提供启示。     

Potential of wild species for genetic enhancement of some semi-arid food crops

Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.     

“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。