基于遥感生态指数的黄山世界遗产地生态环境评价

目的]定量评价黄山世界遗产地的生态环境质量,为有关部门制定规划和管理决策提供科学依据。方法]以黄山世界遗产地核心区和缓冲区共同作为研究区,基于Landsat卫星影像提取绿度、湿度、干度、热度指标分量,并利用主成分分析方法构建遥感生态指数(RSEI)。结合地理信息系统空间分析和统计方法对研究区内生态环境质量进行定量评价。结果] 1992—2017年研究区内RSEI指标数值由0.573上升为0.638,生态环境质量呈明显上升趋势。在3期数据中,RSEI等级为中和良的比例均达到了65%以上,占主导地位,保护区内整体生态环境质量较好。RSEI等级为差和较差的土地中,有近63.6%的土地转变为RSEI等级更高的土地,保护区内生态环境质量明显改善。结论]黄山世界遗产地生态环境质量稳步提升,有关部门的保护措施初见成效,需进一步协调发展与保护的关系,实现黄山世界遗产地的可持续发展。

Ecological Environment Assessment of Huangshan World Heritage Site Based on Remote-Sensing Ecological Index

Objective] The ecological environment quality of the Huangshan World Heritage Site was quantitatively evaluated to provide a scientific basis for relevant departments for making development and management decisions.Methods] Taking the core area and buffer zone of Huangshan World Heritage Site as the study area, greenness, humidity, dryness, and heat index components were extracted based on Landsat satellite images, and the remote-sensing ecological index (RSEI) was constructed by principal component analysis. Geographic information system based spatial analysis and statistical methods were used to quantitatively evaluate the ecological environment quality of the study area.Results] The value of the RSEI in the study area increased from 0.573 in 1992 to 0.638 in 2017, and the ecological environment quality of protected area showed a significant upward trend. In the three-year data analysis, the RSEI grades of good and medium reached more than 65%, which was dominant, and the overall ecological environment quality in the protected area was good. Among the lands with a poor and poorer RSEI grade, approximately 63.6% was converted into land with a high RSEI grade, and the ecological environment quality in the protected area was significantly improved.Conclusion] The ecological environment quality of the Huangshan World Heritage Site steadily improved, and the protective measures of relevant departments achieved the initial objectives. It is necessary to further coordinate the balance between development and conservation to achieve sustainable development of Huangshan World Heritage Site.