关于县级水土保持监测站点建设的建议

水土保持监测工作在全国普遍展开,但县级水土保持监测处于薄弱环节,与水土保持监测工作总的要求和覆盖面积相差很大,在某些方面进展缓慢或迟后。根据水利部水土保持监测网络的布设,应建立起县、乡、村三级监督管护网络,县级成立监测预报管理站,乡级应成立监测预报点,村设监测员,可与水土保持县、乡、村水土保持生态建设合并为一套人马开展工作。观测站点的设置,要因地制宜,根据监督管护、治理规划、上级监测部门下达的工作任务、水土保持科学研究、为政府提供治理水土流失决策和依据等需要,建设不同种类的监测站点。     

北京市水土保持监测站点运行管护定额标准编制研究

经费是保证水土保持监测站点监测工作顺利开展的前提。缺乏运行管护经费测算或定额标准,不利于监测站点规范化管理和运行管护经费的落实。介绍了北京市水土保持监测站点运行管护定额标准编制的必要性和重要性,着重阐述编制思路、编制步骤、定额标准的主要内容及主要创新点。该标准不仅对北京市水土保持监测站点规范化管理有指导作用,而且对全国类似地区监测站点运行管护工作也有借鉴意义。     

关于淤地坝管护的思考

随着淤地坝建设速度的加快和建设规模的扩大,管护问题显得越来越突出。要充分认识管护中存在的问题,合理开发利用淤地坝的各项功能。通过确保工程建设质量、制定配套政策法规、推进产权制度改革、建立管护体系,落实管护经费、重视防洪安全等措施,强化对淤地坝的管护。     

连云港市开展生态修复的探索与思考

针对连云港市生态修复区内的林草结构特点和现行的管护现状,提出了分类管理、权属分明的管理方案,建立严密的管护、激励、监督和奖惩机制等,并从封禁区的作业类型、封禁方式以及修复区补植育林技术要点对该区生态修复的主要技术措施进行探索。在生态修复工程中,树立人与自然和谐相处的理念,采取一切有利于生态环境恢复的措施,创造适宜恢复的各种有利条件,强化科研监测工作,加大投融资力度,加强预防监督执法,对生态修复的技术成果要及时推广应用。     

巩固璧山县水土保持成果途径初探

璧山县的水土保持经过十余年的治理,取得了较为显著的成绩,但在成果管护中存在机制不健全、农业生产结构不合理、科技含量不高、执法力度不够等问题。巩固该县的水土保持成果,应建立灵活多样的管护机制,加强水保工程后期管护,积极推进水保产业化、规模化建设,充分发挥当地资源优势,加大龙头企业建设力度,提高水土保持科技含量,建立与健全水保监测体系,做到预防为主,执法有据,监督得力,从而使璧山县水土保持工作走上可持续发展的道路。     

守护耕地土壤健康支撑农业高质量发展

本文回顾了土壤健康概念的演进过程,结合我国国情农情,分析了耕地土壤健康管护的重要性。从保障粮食安全、打赢净土保卫战和加强土壤健康监测等3个方面,总结了我国目前已开展的相关工作及成效;并从强化科研创新、完善体制机制、深化人才培养、发挥学会作用等4个方面,阐述了进一步加强耕地土壤健康管护的科研方向与工作重点。     

闻喜县提高造林成活率的实践与探索

根据闻喜县实际情况,提出影响造林成活率的主要自然因素是冬季干燥、风大天冷和春季干旱,人为因素是苗木质量不高、栽植不认真、管护工作不到位。针对具体问题,在实践中总结出了整地要提前、鱼鳞坑集水面积要大、苗木质量要高、栽植要认真、实行"保证金"制、严格管护、应用新技术等提高造林成活率的做法。     

平昌县实施生态修复工程的探索与实践

平昌县作为“长治”工程重点县 ,在实施生态修复工程中 ,从资料收集、数据监测、生态管护、投入机制、保障措施、建设模式等方面进行了有益探索 ,取得了显著的效果。     

铺龙湾煤矿改扩建工程水土保持监测探讨

以左云县铺龙湾煤矿改扩建工程水土保持监测实践为例,详细分析论述了此类工程的监测内容、监测方法、监测频次和监测结果。监测成果表明,项目工程区的扰动土地整治率、水土流失总治理度、土壤流失控制比、拦渣率、植被恢复率和林草覆盖率等6项指标,均已达到国家规定的一级防治标准。针对工业场地、矸石场区域及水土保持工程设施管护上的缺陷,建议业主后续工程不断跟进。     

森林资源管护的意义和策略浅议

分析了森林资源管护的重要意义,提出了"加强森林资源保护宣传、完善森林管护队伍建设、根据林区重要程度分类管护、加大森林管护资金投入、加强森林防火工作、建立森林资源管护档案、封山育林等"森林资源管护对策。     

河道堤防滩地的水土流失及其防治

平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。     

论水土、水土生态与水土生态保持

在论述水土在陆地生态系统中的地位和作用的基础上,提出了水土生态的概念,认为植被与水土不可分割的整体观念是水土生态的重要特征。同时,对水土生态保持的含义作了新的定义,并将水土生态保持划分为四大类型,即生态型、自然型、生产型、建设型。从水土生态的高度,从源头上、要素的联系中去认识和防治水土流失,是一种主动的、有机的、整体的水土保持观念,是水土保持认识观的深化和发展,将使水土生态保持事业进入一个崭新的时代。     

防治水土流失 建设巴渝秀美山川

重庆地处长江上游、三峡库区,由于三峡库区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁,且三峡库区的水土保持和生态建设事关全市经济社会发展全局、事关三峡工程建成后的安全运行和库区的长治久安,因此是我市水土保持生态建设的重点。虽然,“长治”工程的有效实施,使我市的水土保持生态建设取得了较大的成绩,但离全面建设小康社会的要求尚有不少的差距,因此,我们要紧紧抓住国家实施可持续发展战略和西部大开发战略的历史机遇,进一步增强紧迫感、责任感和使命感,调动全社会各界力量,防治水土流失,改善生态环境,建设巴渝秀美山川。     

Charge characteristics and exchangeable cation status of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols and Thai Ultisols and Oxisols

The charge characteristics of A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples of total 23 Ultisols, Alfisols and Oxisols in Korea and Thailand were studied by measuring the retention of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? at different pH values (4–8) and NH₄NO₃ concentrations (0.1–0.005 m ). The magnitude of their negative charge (σ^?; meq/100g) was dependent on pH and NH₄NO₃ concentration (C; m ) as represented by a regression equation: log σ^?=apH +blogC +c. The values of the coefficient a (0.04–0.226), b (0.03–0.264) and c (–0.676–1.262) were correlated with the kinds of the soil and horizon and with the region where the soil exists. The retention of NO₃^? was less than 1 and 2–3 meq/100 g for the A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples, respectively. The sum of exchangeable base and Al (‘effective’ CEC) was close to and higher than the magnitude of permanent charge (=σ^? measured at pH = 4.3 and at C = 0.005 m ) for one-third and two-thirds of samples, respectively. A σ^? value of 16 meq/100 g clay at pH = 7 and C = 0.01 m was found appropriate to separate the B₂ horizons of Thai Ultisols and Oxisols from those of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols. Korean Alfisols and Ultisols and Thai Ultisols were distinguished from each other on the status of exchangeable base and Al     

水土保持监督管理程序与时效图文解析

水土保持法律规范和相关行政法律规范,共同构成了水土保持监督管理法律体系,其内容庞杂,相互交叉、融合,程序复杂。通过一组网络图及其简要注释,直观地表述了水土保持监督管理工作的相关程序、时效、逻辑关系和法律依据;通过对网络图呈现的逻辑问题所反映出的法律缺陷进行分析,提出应当按照立法法的有关规定,对现行法律特别是水土保持法律法规进行必要的修改,以适应不断发展的水土保持监督管理工作需要的建议。     

城镇开发区建设中的人为水土流失及防治措施

简析了婺源县城镇开发区建设过程中造成水土流失的状况、危害、原因后,提出了其防治措施,并阐明开展城市（镇）水土保持的紧迫性。     

我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御

论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。     

Study on Soil and Pine-Seedling Zn and Mn and Predicting-Model Design

Soils were collected from 2-year (2-y) and 3-year (3-y) old red-pine seedling plots in two tree nurseries, Hayward in the north and Wilson in the southwestern part of Wisconsin State respectively, and equilibrated with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)₂ for soil solution Zn and Mn (solu-Zn and Mn), and with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)2+0.005 M EDTA for soil adsorbed Zn and Mn (ad-Zn and Mn). Buffering capacity of soil Zn and Mn (b-Zn and Mn) was obtained from the ratio of ad-Zn and Mn to the solu-Zn and Mn. The concerned traces in pine seedling needles (ndls), stems(sts) and roots (rts) were simultaneously measured.     

Sodium and potassium effects on cation concentration and yield of lucerne and phalaris grown separately and together

Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) were grown separately and together in a pot trial on a yellow‐brown pumice soil with three rates of sodium (Na) and two rates of potassium (K) in factorial combination. Lucerne alone had a low Na concentration but growing phalaris as a companion grass produced herbage with a Na concentration adequate for stock. Na application increased the Na concentration in phalaris and the mixture of phalaris and lucerne much more than in lucerne alone; had little effect on K concentration; slightly reduced Mg concentration; and greatly reduced Ca concentration but not as much in lucerne as in phalaris or the mixture with lucerne. K application increased K concentration and reduced Na, Ca and Mg concentrations throughout. Yield of phalaris grown alone and in combination with lucerne was increased significantly by Na application when K concentration in the plants was low. Yield of lucerne was not affected by Na application and it is concluded that Na did not substitute for K in this species. It is concluded that field trials are warranted to investigate the possibility of growing a special purpose mixture of lucerne and phalaris on New Zealand yellow‐brown pumice soils to provide feed that has adequate Na for grazing animals.