广东省堤防工程水土保持方案编制要点探讨

堤防工程同时具有线型工程和点型工程的水土流失特点,编写其水土保持方案时应根据项目特点明确水土流失防治责任范围,正确划分其水土流失防治分区,合理预测水土流失和布设水土保持措施。     

堤防工程水土流失监测与评价

以江西省长江干流江岸堤防加固整治工程水土保持监测为例，详细介绍了堤防工程水土保持的监测范围、内容、方法和结果，对该工程建设前、建设中和建设后的水土保持情况进行了监测分析评价。结果表明：堤防工程通过实施水土保持防治工程和措施，可有效减少工程实施造成的水土流失，明显降低水土流失的危害程度，较好地保护和改善工程沿线的生态环境。     

2003年渭河下游洪灾分析及防洪对策

 2003年渭河下游洪灾是渭河上中游地区生态恶化、水土流失严重,入渭泥沙增多、泥沙大量淤积在下游河道,抬高下游河床,南山支流堤防质量差和排洪通道不畅等因素所致。渭河下游防洪存在着泥沙大量淤积、河势不稳多变、南山支流堤防标准低、水患威胁日益严重等问题,渭河防洪对策是在渭河全流域开展水土流失综合治理和加高加固防洪大堤和南山支流堤防、加强河道整治工程等措施。     

鄱阳湖区堤防草地生物刈割控高技术探讨

堤防坡面植草可有效防控堤防坡面水土流失，保障堤防安全运行。为满足堤防汛期巡险的草地植株高度要求，传统的堤防草地管理措施耗费高且伴生除草药剂、剪草机尾气及大量植株碎渣等污染。生物刈割是指在堤防草地生态系统中，利用植物生产到动物生产的营养级转化，通过家畜牧食，构建包括人居—家畜—草地三要素的放牧系统。探索堤防生物刈割技术，有利于推进兼具防洪、生态、景观、社会和经济效益于一体的堤防工程建设。     

古交市河下村滩地整治工程规划设计及效益

滩地是河谷平原区河岸常见的一种微地形,一般是在汛期由洪水堆积而成,生长的天然植被以芦苇、莎草、苔草为主.滩地属潜在的优质土地资源,治滩造地有利于防治水土流失,发展地方经济.以古交市河下村滩地整治为例,论述了整治原则,进行了治理工程规划设计,并进行了综合效益分析.     

堤防护坡的优良水土保持植物——假俭草

针对堤防在工程防洪体系中的重要性,为防治水土流失、降低堤防日常管理成本、便于汛期查险除险,提出堤防植草护坡对草种的要求是:低矮匍匐,耐干旱贫瘠,繁殖能力强,能迅速覆盖地表,生态优势明显,管理粗放。假俭草可满足这些要求,是一种适合堤防护坡的优良水土保持植物。概括了假俭草的生物学特性、繁殖技术及其研究展望。     

平原沙土区水土流失及其防治措施探讨——从江苏省河道清淤及其效益分析

江苏省平原沙土区的土壤沙性大、颗粒细、粘结力小,其抗冲性和抗蚀性低,该地区降雨量丰沛、降雨强度大,因而在植被覆盖率低的河、沟、渠等堤坡坡面水土流失极为严重,水土流失的危害主要体现为河坡的毁坏和河道的淤积。经多年实践,总结积累了一套较为成功的平原沙土区水土流失防治措施,主要是采取工程、植物和管理并举的综合防治体系。平原沙土区水土保持的效益主要体现在减少径流含沙量、减少淤积河道泥沙、防止河坡坍塌,科学开发利用河堤堤防土地资源,增加经济效益等。     

调整朝阳市生态建设政策,加大林业投入力度

朝阳市现有水土流失面积16 046.66 km2,占全市总面积的86.5%。分析朝阳市水土流失现状,针对存在的问题,提出应调整朝阳市生态建设政策,加大林业投入力度。治理的重点:将高山远山石质山尽快封起来。以封为主,封、育、种、造相结合,实施生态修复。将所有只有坡面工程没有植树的地段,应尽量营造水土保持林或薪炭林。坡耕地营造农田水土保持林带。沟壑林业措施中,改工程防护为植物防护,沟底营造固沟林、水源涵养林。河滩按《防洪法》制定造林规划,实施河岸滩地防护林。预计到2020年,全市有林达100万hm2,森林覆被率达50%左右,使95%以上的水土流失面积得到治理和控制。     

太湖流域平原地区河道堤防工程绿化设计浅谈

河道堤防工程是水利设施的重要组成部分,在当前河道堤防治理工程中,设计人员往往一味追求工程的防洪体系,却忽视了绿化设计的效果。河道堤防工程不应仅达到防洪、排涝和抗风浪的作用,还应该从生态系统服务的角度出发,在保障河岸堤防安全的同时,为人类福祉谋求最大利益。应该结合生态景观的美学服务,将防治水土流失与景观建设有机结合。本文结合上海市西部流域泄洪通道防洪堤防达标工程(金山区蒲泽塘等),从设计原则、植物选择及绿化布置等角度探讨了工程的3种绿化模式,以期为今后堤防治理工作中的绿化设计提供实际参考范例。     

山西省2007年度水土保持工作任务

2007年,我省将突出抓好以淤地坝建设为重点的水土保持工作。一是按照全省淤地坝工程建设规划,2007年开工并建成淤地坝2 000座,增加坝滩地1.7万hm2;二是依托国家水土保持重点工程项目建设,完成水土流失综合治理面积36万hm2,实施生态修复面积73.3万hm2,确保水土流失年治理度达到3     

论水土、水土生态与水土生态保持

在论述水土在陆地生态系统中的地位和作用的基础上,提出了水土生态的概念,认为植被与水土不可分割的整体观念是水土生态的重要特征。同时,对水土生态保持的含义作了新的定义,并将水土生态保持划分为四大类型,即生态型、自然型、生产型、建设型。从水土生态的高度,从源头上、要素的联系中去认识和防治水土流失,是一种主动的、有机的、整体的水土保持观念,是水土保持认识观的深化和发展,将使水土生态保持事业进入一个崭新的时代。     

防治水土流失 建设巴渝秀美山川

重庆地处长江上游、三峡库区,由于三峡库区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁,且三峡库区的水土保持和生态建设事关全市经济社会发展全局、事关三峡工程建成后的安全运行和库区的长治久安,因此是我市水土保持生态建设的重点。虽然,“长治”工程的有效实施,使我市的水土保持生态建设取得了较大的成绩,但离全面建设小康社会的要求尚有不少的差距,因此,我们要紧紧抓住国家实施可持续发展战略和西部大开发战略的历史机遇,进一步增强紧迫感、责任感和使命感,调动全社会各界力量,防治水土流失,改善生态环境,建设巴渝秀美山川。     

Charge characteristics and exchangeable cation status of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols and Thai Ultisols and Oxisols

The charge characteristics of A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples of total 23 Ultisols, Alfisols and Oxisols in Korea and Thailand were studied by measuring the retention of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? at different pH values (4–8) and NH₄NO₃ concentrations (0.1–0.005 m ). The magnitude of their negative charge (σ^?; meq/100g) was dependent on pH and NH₄NO₃ concentration (C; m ) as represented by a regression equation: log σ^?=apH +blogC +c. The values of the coefficient a (0.04–0.226), b (0.03–0.264) and c (–0.676–1.262) were correlated with the kinds of the soil and horizon and with the region where the soil exists. The retention of NO₃^? was less than 1 and 2–3 meq/100 g for the A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples, respectively. The sum of exchangeable base and Al (‘effective’ CEC) was close to and higher than the magnitude of permanent charge (=σ^? measured at pH = 4.3 and at C = 0.005 m ) for one-third and two-thirds of samples, respectively. A σ^? value of 16 meq/100 g clay at pH = 7 and C = 0.01 m was found appropriate to separate the B₂ horizons of Thai Ultisols and Oxisols from those of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols. Korean Alfisols and Ultisols and Thai Ultisols were distinguished from each other on the status of exchangeable base and Al     

水土保持监督管理程序与时效图文解析

水土保持法律规范和相关行政法律规范,共同构成了水土保持监督管理法律体系,其内容庞杂,相互交叉、融合,程序复杂。通过一组网络图及其简要注释,直观地表述了水土保持监督管理工作的相关程序、时效、逻辑关系和法律依据;通过对网络图呈现的逻辑问题所反映出的法律缺陷进行分析,提出应当按照立法法的有关规定,对现行法律特别是水土保持法律法规进行必要的修改,以适应不断发展的水土保持监督管理工作需要的建议。     

我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御

论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。     

Study on Soil and Pine-Seedling Zn and Mn and Predicting-Model Design

Soils were collected from 2-year (2-y) and 3-year (3-y) old red-pine seedling plots in two tree nurseries, Hayward in the north and Wilson in the southwestern part of Wisconsin State respectively, and equilibrated with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)₂ for soil solution Zn and Mn (solu-Zn and Mn), and with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)2+0.005 M EDTA for soil adsorbed Zn and Mn (ad-Zn and Mn). Buffering capacity of soil Zn and Mn (b-Zn and Mn) was obtained from the ratio of ad-Zn and Mn to the solu-Zn and Mn. The concerned traces in pine seedling needles (ndls), stems(sts) and roots (rts) were simultaneously measured.     

城镇开发区建设中的人为水土流失及防治措施

简析了婺源县城镇开发区建设过程中造成水土流失的状况、危害、原因后,提出了其防治措施,并阐明开展城市（镇）水土保持的紧迫性。     

Sodium and potassium effects on cation concentration and yield of lucerne and phalaris grown separately and together

Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) were grown separately and together in a pot trial on a yellow‐brown pumice soil with three rates of sodium (Na) and two rates of potassium (K) in factorial combination. Lucerne alone had a low Na concentration but growing phalaris as a companion grass produced herbage with a Na concentration adequate for stock. Na application increased the Na concentration in phalaris and the mixture of phalaris and lucerne much more than in lucerne alone; had little effect on K concentration; slightly reduced Mg concentration; and greatly reduced Ca concentration but not as much in lucerne as in phalaris or the mixture with lucerne. K application increased K concentration and reduced Na, Ca and Mg concentrations throughout. Yield of phalaris grown alone and in combination with lucerne was increased significantly by Na application when K concentration in the plants was low. Yield of lucerne was not affected by Na application and it is concluded that Na did not substitute for K in this species. It is concluded that field trials are warranted to investigate the possibility of growing a special purpose mixture of lucerne and phalaris on New Zealand yellow‐brown pumice soils to provide feed that has adequate Na for grazing animals.