小鹅瘟蜂胶灭活疫苗的研究

以蜂胶为佐剂制备小鹅瘟蜂胶佐剂灭活苗,将病毒液灭活后按一定比例加入蜂胶佐剂制备疫苗,并进行疫苗安全性、免疫持续期、效力对比、保存期及区域应用试验,结果表明小鹅瘟蜂胶灭活疫苗安全性好,第5天即产生抗体且抗体持续时间长（90d）,免疫效果远好于油乳剂灭活苗,推广试验也取得了令人满意的结果。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病-新城疫二联蜂胶灭活苗的研制

用自行分离鉴定的鸡法氏囊病病毒（ＤＦＣ３Ｖ株）与Ⅰ型标准毒株（Ｄ７８株）和新城疫病毒（ＬａＳｏｔａ株）联合研制的蜂胶灭活苗、经实验室和田间试验证明,雏鸡肌肉或皮下注射０．５ｍｌ／只,注后７天产生免疫抗体,攻毒后保护率为６０％;注后１４天攻毒保护率为１００％;免疫后１８０天,攻毒保护率为８０％。本苗与白油佐剂苗免疫效力对比试验结果表明,蜂胶佐剂苗免疫效力产生较白油佐剂苗为快而持久。该苗保存于４～８℃有效期为６个月。本苗无毒、副作用,安全性能良好,易于注射,并具有快速增重,提高产蛋率的作用。应用本苗接种现地多品系鸡２万余只,均获得满意效果。     

猪丹毒丝菌灭活疫苗免疫佐剂的筛选

旨在筛选适宜于猪丹毒丝菌灭活疫苗的佐剂。以分离鉴定出的猪丹毒丝菌1a型HG-1株灭活菌体为抗原分别配制矿物油佐剂疫苗（简称矿物油疫苗）、氢氧化铝胶佐剂疫苗（简称铝胶疫苗）、ISA201双相油乳佐剂疫苗（简称ISA201疫苗）、GEL02水溶性聚合物佐剂疫苗（简称GEL疫苗）、IMS1313水溶性纳米佐剂疫苗（简称IMS1313疫苗）共5种佐剂的灭活疫苗。小鼠免疫保护试验结果表明,二免14 d后使用约为4 LD₅₀的HG-1株对小鼠进行腹腔攻毒,矿物油疫苗和GEL疫苗的保护率分别为100%（7/7）和71%（5/7）,其他三种佐剂疫苗的保护率均为14%（1/7）。本研究进一步选择铝胶疫苗和GEL疫苗进行猪体对比试验;仔猪安全性试验结果表明,两种佐剂疫苗的副反应均较小;免疫保护试验结果表明,两次免疫后使用约为16 LD₁₀₀的HG-1株对免疫仔猪进行耳缘静脉攻毒,两种佐剂疫苗的保护率分别为60%（3/5）和100%（5/5）。本研究最终选择GEL佐剂作为开发猪丹毒灭活疫苗的最适佐剂。     

猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗的制备与免疫效力研究

猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）经0.2%甲醛37℃作用一定时间后接种PK-15细胞,盲传3代,用PCR方法检测灭活效果。将灭活的PCV2加入适量的白油和氢氧化铝胶制成PCV2油佐剂和铝胶佐剂灭活疫苗,免疫小鼠,共免疫2次,时间间隔为3周,分别于一免后第21天和二免后第14天进行ELISA抗体检测。同时为了评价国产油佐剂和进口油佐剂的免疫效果,笔者进行了猪体免疫效力试验。通过ELISA抗体、攻毒后临床表现及体温变化、剖解时的病理变化、平均日增重及病毒血症等指标对疫苗免疫效果进行评价。结果如下：①PCV2能被0.2%甲醛完全灭活,灭活时间为16 h。②PCV2油佐剂和铝胶佐剂灭活疫苗免疫小鼠后均能产生较好的免疫应答,并且油佐剂灭活疫苗免疫效果好于铝胶佐剂灭活疫苗。③猪体免疫效力试验表明,两种油苗均能产生较高水平的ELISA抗体。攻毒后,攻毒对照猪的体温高于免疫猪,空白对照猪体温正常。免疫猪及空白对照猪平均体重均升高,而攻毒对照猪平均体重有所降低,且两个免疫组和空白对照组之间平均日增重差异显著（P〈0.05）。病毒血症检测及病毒DNA在组织中的分布检测表明两油苗均能够有效降低猪体的带毒。以上结果表明,PCV2灭活疫苗免疫小鼠和猪体后均能诱导机体产生免疫应答,并能够在一定程度上抵抗PCV2对猪体的感染。     

鸽禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒油佐剂灭活苗对肉种鸽免疫效果观察

用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１ ＳＸ株制成的油佐剂灭活苗与ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗分别免疫肉种鸽,免疫后２０天抗体水平达到峰值,抗体水平在３ｌｏｇ２以上维持３０天以上。免疫后４０天鸽ＳＸ株和新城疫强毒对两种疫苗免疫鸽分别进行攻击,两种疫苗免疫组对ＮＤＶ强毒攻击的保护率均为１００％,鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗免疫组对鸽ＳＸ株攻击的保护率为１００％,而ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗免疫组对鸽ＳＸ株攻击的保护率仅为６６．７％。     

鸽禽I型副粘病毒油佐剂灭活苗对肉种鸽免疫效果观察

用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１ＳＸ株（简称ＳＸ株）制成的油佐剂灭活苗与ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗分别免疫肉种鸽,免疫后２０天抗体水平达到峰值,抗体水平在３ｌｏｇ２以上维持３０天以上。免疫后４０天用鸽ＳＸ株和新城疫强毒对两种疫苗免疫鸽分别进行攻击,两种疫苗免疫组对ＮＤＶ强毒攻击的保护率均为１００％,鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗免疫组对鸽ＳＸ株攻击的保护率为１００％,而ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗免疫组对鸽ＳＸ株攻击的保护率仅为６６７％。鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗田间试验抽检４８份肉种鸽血清,抗体平均值为４３０±１１６ｌｏｇ２。     

几种多联灭活疫苗对奶牛乳房炎免疫效果的观察

通过对奶牛乳房炎蜂胶、油佐剂、铝胶佐剂多联灭活苗的效果检测,表明铝胶佐剂多联灭活苗免疫效果最佳,该疫苗能有效的降低隐性乳房炎牛乳的体细胞数,减少临床型奶牛乳房炎的发病率,提高牛奶的品质。     

鸽禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒油佐剂灭活苗对雏鸡免疫效果评价

用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗与ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗分别免疫雏鸡,免疫后２１ｄ抗体水平达到峰值,免疫后４２ｄ用新城疫强毒对两种疫苗免疫鸡分别进行攻击,鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗免疫组保护率为７３．３３％,ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗免疫组保护率为９９．６７％。     

鸭疫里默氏菌铝胶佐剂与铝胶复合佐剂4价灭活疫苗的比较

以血清 1、2、4、5型鸭疫里默氏菌 (Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)制备 4价铝胶佐剂和铝胶复合佐剂 2种灭活苗 ,经过无菌及安全检查合格后 ,对 3日龄樱桃谷鸭颈背部皮下注射 0 .5 m L/只。(1 )免疫后 1 0、1 3、1 6 d对同源 RA的攻击 ,铝胶佐剂苗表现出 5 %～ 2 0 %、75 %～ 90 %、1 0 0 %免疫保护 ,2 3～ 30 d免疫保护力开始下降 ;铝胶复合佐剂苗表现出1 0 %～ 35 %、80 %～ 1 0 0 %、1 0 0 %免疫保护 ,5 1～ 6 5 d免疫保护力开始下降。(2 ) 2种疫苗 1次免疫后 2 3d抗体水平均达高峰 ,至 93日龄时仍能检出抗体的存在 ,1 0日龄进行第 2次免疫后可产生更高的抗体水平 ,到 6 5 d时仍能保持较高抗体水平 ;其中 1 6～ 6 5 d进行 2次免疫的铝胶复合佐剂苗产生的抗体水平显著 (P<0 .0 5 )或极显著 (P<0 .0 1 )地高于铝胶佐剂苗。 (3) 2种疫苗免疫雏鸭后能够显著 (P<0 .0 5 )或极显著 (P<0 .0 1 )地增强 T细胞的免疫力 ,时间达 2周。对攻毒保护试验、抗体消长规律和细胞免疫测定结果综合分析表明 ,RA4价铝胶佐剂和铝胶复合佐剂 2种灭活苗免疫雏鸭后 ,免疫保护的形成是体液免疫与细胞免疫协同作用的结果。经实验室攻毒保护试验、EL ISA抗体消长规律测定、T细胞免疫水平测定和田间试验表明 ,研制的 2种疫苗均具有     

鸡传染性法氏囊病—新城疫二联峰胶灭活苗的研制

用自行分离鉴定的鸡法氏囊病病毒（ＤＦＣ３Ｖ株）与Ｉ型标准毒株（Ｄ７８株）和新城疫病毒（ＬａＳｏｔａ株）联合研制的蜂胶灭活苗,经实验室和田间试验证明,雏鸡肌肉或皮下注射０．５ｍｌ／只,注后７天产生免疫抗体,攻毒后保护率为６０％,注后１４天功玫毒保护率为１００％,免疫后１８０天,攻毒保护率为８０％,本苗与白油佐剂苗免疫效力对比试验结果表明,蜂胶佐剂苗免疫效和产生白油佐剂苗为快而持久,该苗保存于４～８℃     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.