玉米秸秆全株青贮与黄贮饲喂效果对比试验

以16头中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象,随机分为二组,开展玉米全株青贮与黄贮饲喂奶牛对比试验。两组日粮营养水平基本相同,试验组日饲喂全株玉米青贮、对照组饲喂等量的黄贮玉米。结果表明,试验组头均产奶量较对照组平均每日多产奶3.27kg,效果十分显著,平均每日每头均增加纯收入5.24元,经济效益显著。全株青贮较黄贮能显著提高奶牛产奶量和经济效益。     

添加保康生制作玉米青贮饲喂泌乳牛的效果观察

选择年龄、胎次、泌乳天数、产奶量及体况相近的泌乳牛９２头,分成试验组、对照组进行对比试验,观察添加保康生的全株玉米青贮饲喂泌乳牛的效果。试验组牛头日饲喂加酶玉米青贮２０千克,对照组饲喂不加酶青贮料２０千克,饲粮其它组成一致。在近３个月的试验期间,每隔１０～２０天记录奶牛个体奶量,并每月取奶样,测定乳脂率、乳蛋白等成分。玉米青贮每月取样,分析常规成分。除粗纤维外,两组玉米青贮在常规成分上差异不大;粗纤维含量试验组显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）,说明添加的酶制剂起到了分解纤维的作用。试验组牛的头日平均奶产量比对照组高１４千克（＋５％）,两者差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。乳脂率含量不受酶添加的影响,但不同牛舍间差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）;酶添加和不同牛舍间单独对乳蛋白含量的影响都不显著（Ｐ＞００５）,而两者有交互作用。经济效益分析结果表明,在全株玉米青贮中添加保康生,可为奶牛场产生明显的经济效益,值得普遍推广。     

秸秆发酵剂青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量的影响

利用“青贮宝”青发酵剂贮的玉米饲喂奶牛,研究其对奶牛产奶量的影响。试验选取20头中国黑白花奶牛,分为试验组和对照组,试验组饲喂青贮宝青贮玉米,对照组饲喂普通青贮玉米。结果表明：试验组每头牛的日产奶量可提高1．14～1．21kg。     

酶制剂处理青贮玉米秸秆对奶牛产奶性能的影响

本试验选择38头条件一致，刚过泌乳高峰期的奶牛，随机分为两组（对照组和试验组）。试验组奶牛每天饲喂15kgCornzyme处理（250ml／tDM）的玉米秸秆青贮料，对照组奶牛前期每天饲喂15kg全株玉米青贮料，后期15kg玉米秸秆青贮料，其它饲料成分两组一致。试验期为51天，前期30天、后期21天。结果显示，试验组奶牛的产奶量，前期与对照组相似，后期显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。说明Cornayme处理的玉米秸秆青贮料饲喂奶牛时，其营养价值与全株玉米青贮料相似。     

不同方式处理的全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响

[目的]探究不同方式制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,对其生产性能和经济效益的影响。[方法]选定中国荷斯坦牛开展全株玉米青贮饲喂试验。将28头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组14头。前者饲喂不添加菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮,后者饲喂添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮。统计各组奶牛日均干物质采食量、日均产奶量、料重比、乳脂率和乳蛋白率,计算各组奶牛日均经济效益和试验期总经济效益。[结果]采用添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,奶牛日均干物质采食量和料奶比与对照组差异不显著,但日均产奶量、平均乳脂率和乳蛋白率显著提高（P<0.05）。每头牛日均产奶量增加1.91 kg,乳脂率增加0.22个百分点,乳蛋白率增加0.06个百分点。试验组经济效益明显提高,每头牛日均经济效益增加4.73元,正试期内总经济效益增加1 986.60元。[结论]采用添加青贮菌剂的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,能有效提高奶牛的生产性能和经济效益。     

两种不同粗料组成日粮对奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验选取胎次、泌乳天数、产奶量、体况相近的中国荷斯坦泌乳牛20头,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组10头进行饲喂对比试验,研究不同粗料组成日粮对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验组奶牛节粮型TMR组成:精料、全株玉米青贮、氨化玉米秸秆、微贮棉籽壳、苜蓿干草等。对照组TMR仅以精料、全株青贮玉米、玉米秸秆构成。试验期间测定产奶量、精料采食量、奶料比及乳脂率变化情况。结果表明,两组奶牛的日均产奶量、乳脂率接近,差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组奶料比为3.12:1,对照组为2.96:1,差异不显著(P>0.05);但30d正试期试验组头均消耗精料量较对照组减少40.79kg,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

燕麦草青贮和全株玉米青贮对奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响

根据胎次、产奶量、泌乳时间相近的原则选择泌乳奶牛32头,随机分为2组,每组16头,分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂全株玉米青贮和燕麦草青贮,探讨其对荷斯坦泌乳奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响.结果显示:试验组奶牛产奶量比对照组提高了0.31 kg/d,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);试验组的乳脂率、乳糖率、非脂固形物及总固形物含量均较对照组有所提高,但无显著差异(P＞0.05).燕麦草青贮替代全株玉米青贮,每头奶牛每天能够多盈利1.22元.结果表明:燕麦草青贮替代全株玉米青贮能够提高奶牛产奶量和经济效益.     

××奶牛矿物元素添加剂对提高奶牛产奶量的试验

选用１３７头黑白花成年母牛，随机分为两组，进行６Ｏ天的饲喂试验。对照组：饲喂常规饲料；试验组：常规饲料＋１５ｏ克“××奶牛矿物元素添加剂”。验证添加剂对奶牛产奶性能的影响。结果表明：试验组的产奶量平均为１８．４６±１．８７千克／头日，显著高于对照组１６．５７±１．３９千克／头日（Ｐ＜０．０５），试验组比对照组每头奶牛每日多产奶１．８９千克。“××奶牛矿物元素添加剂”可以提高奶牛产奶量和饲料利用率。     

活性菌制剂对奶牛生产性能的影响

选择年龄、胎次、泌乳月份、妊娠期、产奶量、体重基本相似且身体健康的荷斯坦奶牛84头，随机分为三组，每个试验组和对照组各28头。试验1组每头每天饲喂活性菌制剂10克，试验2组每头每天饲喂活性菌制剂20克。对照组不添加。结果显示：试验1组和试验2组产奶量比对照组高．试验2组平均比对照组高1．98千克／头．天，差异显著。     

玉米秸秆青贮饲料与全株玉米青贮饲料饲喂奶牛的差异研究

玉米秸秆和全株玉米均是制作奶牛青贮饲料的重要原料。为比较玉米秸秆青贮饲料与全株玉米青贮饲料对奶牛生产性能的影响,本研究将胎次、年龄、体重及产奶量相同的20 头奶牛分为两组——试验组1和试验组2,分别饲喂玉米秸秆青贮饲料与全株玉米青贮饲料,通过统计各组奶牛产奶量、乳脂率及乳蛋白率,分析玉米秸秆青贮饲料与全株玉米青贮饲料对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验结果表明,试验组2的日平均产奶量高于试验组1,且差异极显著（P<0.01）;试验组1和试验组2乳脂率差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验组2的平均乳蛋白率高于试验组1,且差异显著（P<0.05）,且全株玉米青贮比玉米秸秆青贮经济效益更高,一个泌乳周期可增加736.8 元/头。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.