安徽省中季稻生育期高温热害发生规律分析

根据安徽省1961-2013年常规气象资料和1980-2011年中稻产量资料,采用数理统计、Morlet小波分析和ArcGIS的空间分析功能,对安徽省各等级高温热害发生时间分布、年际变化、周期性及空间分布规律进行分析。结果表明：（1）1961-2013年,安徽省中季稻生育期高温热害发生频次较高的时段主要集中在7月中、下旬和8月上旬,尤以8月上旬最高,轻、中、重级高温热害平均2.15a、3.81a、4.69a发生1次,且轻度热害发生次数最多;（2）53a来安徽中稻生育期内各级别高温热害发生频次均呈先减少后增加的趋势,其中80年代发生频次最少;（3）各级别高温热害发生次数均有显著的周期性震荡规律,存在48a、28a、12a的变化周期;（4）各级别高温热害发生频次空间分布总体呈南部偏多,并由西南部向周围递减的趋势,尤以安庆最为严重;（5）安徽中稻产量与高温热害频次的相关性并不显著。     

江西省水稻高温热害发生规律研究

利用江西省74个台站1961-2010年6-8月日平均气温、日最高气温和日平均相对湿度资料,采用线性回归法、多项式回归法、Morlet小波分析和数字高程模型(DEM),以探究该区水稻高温热害发生时段分布、年际变化、发生频次的时频特征和空间分布等规律.结果表明,(1)江西省水稻高温热害集中于7月中、下旬和8月上旬,其中7月13-24日为高温热害发生概率最大的时段;(2)1961-1982年高温热害总发生次数呈下降趋势,1983-2010年则呈极显著上升趋势(P＜0.01),不同等级高温热害发生次数的年际变化特点与总发生次数变化相一致;(3)各等级高温热害次数呈现不同时间尺度的周期震荡,轻高温热害表现为准2a、4a、8a左右、15a、25a周期变化,中高温热害以准2a、4a、10a左右、23a的周期震荡表现显著,重高温热害则表现出准2a、6a、准13a、25a的周期震荡;(4)高温热害发生频次的高值区分布于江西东北部、赣州北部、吉泰盆地和赣抚平原,并向周边山区递减.     

基于信息扩散理论分析华北平原夏玉米花期高温热害的风险概率

利用1980−2019年华北平原40个站点的气象数据,将夏玉米花期日最高气温≥35℃持续3d及以上作为高温指标,综合考虑频次和持续时间,制定轻度、中度、重度高温热害等级;利用灾害发生次数和站次比分析夏玉米花期高温热害的变化规律;基于信息扩散理论评估高温热害风险概率,为科学应对夏玉米花期高温热害,保障夏玉米的高产稳产提供依据。结果表明：（1）2010−2019年是华北平原夏玉米受花期高温热害影响加重的阶段,呈现连年发生、范围明显扩大的特征,河南省表现明显。（2）夏玉米花期高温热害高风险区主要为山东西部和河南省,山东西部以轻度热害为主,风险概率在10a一遇以上（≥10%）。河南省受灾范围广、频次高、程度重,重度高温热害的风险概率在10a一遇以上（≥10%）的面积占比为66%,5a一遇以上（≥20%）的面积占比为18%。     

基于关键气象因子的中稻单产动态预报

利用重庆市1986-2009年中稻单产和中稻生育期内旬平均气温、旬降水量、旬日照时数等资料,采用统计分析法建立中稻气象产量动态预报模型,在此基础上预报中稻单产。用5a滑动平均方法分离中稻趋势产量,在分析气象产量与中稻全生育期逐旬气象要素相关性的基础上,以3月中旬平均气温、5月下旬日照时数、7月中旬平均气温、7月中旬降水量、7月中旬日照时数、7月下旬平均气温、7月下旬降水量和8月上旬平均气温等作为关键气象因子,建立中稻气象产量动态预报模型,并应用该模型实现中稻单产动态预报。对1986-2009年的中稻单产做模拟检验,平均准确率在96%以上,95%以上的年份预报准确率超过90%。对2010年的单产进行预报,准确率为91.5%～92.8%,预报准确率较高,基本能满足业务服务的需要。     

河南省夏玉米花期高温热害风险分析

根据河南省110个气象站1970−2019年逐日最高气温观测资料和19个农业气象观测站夏玉米生育期数据,以32℃和35℃作为轻度和重度夏玉米花期高温热害发生阈值,选取花期日最高气温≥32℃和≥35℃发生频率和日最高气温≥32℃和≥35℃的积热量4个关键致灾气象因子,构建高温热害综合指数,开展河南省夏玉米花期高温热害风险区划,为夏玉米生产趋利避害和防灾减灾提供参考依据。结果表明：（1）1970−2019年河南省夏玉米花期高温日数呈先减小后增加的趋势,21世纪10年代（2010s）后高温日数和频率明显增加,与高温发生频次最低的1980s（20世纪80年代）相比,高温日数增加1.4d（≥32℃）和1.5d（≥35℃）,高温频率增加20.6个百分点（≥32℃）和20.5个百分点（≥35℃）。河南省夏玉米花期高温日数50a平均值在1.8～4.5d（≥32℃）和0.4～1.9d（≥35℃）,高温发生频率在24.3%～64.3%（≥32℃）和2.5%～31.1%（≥35℃）,豫东南为高温热害发生的高频区。（2）近50a轻度和重度高温积热均呈先减弱再增强的趋势,21世纪10年代（2010s）高温积热较1980s（20世纪80年代）增加52.8℃·d（≥32℃）和52.5℃·d（≥35℃）。空间分布上基本呈现出南高北低、东部平原高于西部山区的态势。（3）结合高温强度和发生频率的致灾高风险区主要集中在南阳南部、漯河、许昌东部、周口、驻马店,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的28.5%;研究区域大部地区为中风险区,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的56.2%;而三门峡、洛阳西部、济源西部、安阳等地夏玉米花期高温热害风险相对较低,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的15.3%。     

气候变暖背景下江苏省水稻热害发生规律及其对产量的影响

根据江苏省1960-2009年常规气象资料和1980-2009年水稻生育期观测数据,利用温度距平、气候倾向率和M-K检验法研究江苏省不同区域的气候变暖特征,并分析江苏省水稻热害的时空分布规律及其对产量的影响,探讨气候变暖对江苏省水稻热害发生的影响。结果表明:(1)江苏省水稻热害主要发生在拔节-孕穗期和抽穗-乳熟期,苏南地区发生频次最高,淮北和苏北沿海最少。(2)江苏省水稻热害发生频次有明显的13a和3a周期,前者为主周期,后者为副周期。(3)1960-2009年,江苏省平均气温倾向率为0.2775℃.10a-1(P<0.01),气候变暖明显;20世纪60年代气温开始下降,80年代达最低值,之后开始变暖,21世纪前10a达最高值;江苏省水稻热害发生趋势与气温变化基本一致,80年代发生次数最少,21世纪前10a发生次数最多。(4)7-8月平均气温高的年代,热害发生次数则多,淮北地区20世纪60年代气温最高,热害发生次数也最多,其它地区近10a气温最高,热害次数最多。(5)从年际变化看,气候偏暖的年份,水稻热害多,产量相应低,说明气候变暖是造成水稻热害频次上升、产量下降的重要原因。     

江汉平原四湖流域近50年高温热害及热涝相随特征

利用江汉平原四湖流域荆州、潜江、监利、石首和洪湖5站点1960-2010年逐日气象资料,运用常规统计手段和Mann-Kendal突变检测方法,对四湖流域高温热害过程年际变化趋势,高温热害过程在7-8月内各旬发生频次,高温热害发生密集度,热、涝相随灾害发生特征等进行初步探讨.结果表明:(1)四湖流域1960-2010年年高温热害天数以3～ 19d为主,20世纪60年代初-80年代中期缓慢下降,80年代中期以后呈上升趋势,且5站点均有突变点出现,但出现的时期有所不同;(2)四湖流域高温热害以轻度热害为主,且集中在7月中旬、下旬和8月上旬这3个时段(即7月10日-8月10日),同时存在两次高温热害相连发生的现实,其中以间隔1～3d相连发生的次数最高,发生周期为3a,就热害形式来说,轻度高温热害与其它高温热害相连发生的次数最多,51a共发生39次,周期为1.31a;(3)四湖流域发生次数最多的热、涝相随灾害形式为轻度热害、偏涝相随型灾害,51a各站点平均发生了15次,占热、涝相随灾害发生总次数的44.12％,且大部热、涝相随灾害中两种灾害的间隔期在1～5d内.     

长江中下游地区高温时空分布及水稻花期的避害对策

以湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏和浙江6省各代表台站1965-2004年近40a的6-8月日平均气温与最高温度为原始数据,分析了长江中下游地区各省高温的发生概率、高温发生年平均天数以及高温起止日期,总结出长江中下游地区6省的高温时空分布规律,并提出了水稻生长避开高温危害的措施,为长江流域水稻稳产高产提供重要的参考。     

基于开花期地域差异的中稻高温热害天气指数保险设计

高温热害是湖北省中稻单产的主要限制因子,高温热害天气指数保险的设计与推广,对于转移农业气象灾害风险,降低农民损失具有重大意义。在开顶式生长室(open-top chamber,OTC)的控制下,以中稻品种"广两优香66"为试材,模拟开花灌浆期高温热害,建立了高温热害减产模型,并用大田调查资料作对比,筛选最优投保集中时段。基于10个试点县(市)1981-2016年每年7月16日-8月31日日最高气温观测资料,采用Weibull分布模型,构建分时段的高温热害风险分布模型。综合减产率模型和概率分布模型,厘定了不同免赔率下,以县(市)为单位的,多个投保时期的中稻高温热害天气指数保险的纯费率,为被保险人提供多种投保方案。结果表明:中稻开花灌浆期高温热害保险的最优投保时间为开花始期后20d,开花始期为7月下旬时费率最高,随着开花期的延迟,费率逐渐降低。纯费率的区域差异较大,咸安、赤壁、浠水、麻城等热害高风险区费率较高,襄阳、随州等低风险区费率较低。     

近62年银川气温和降水变化对农业的影响

选用银川市1951~2012年的1月和7月平均气温、1月最低气温、7月最高气温、≥32℃持续天数和5~9月降水总量等数据,利用Microsoft Excel统计分析方法、线性倾向估计法和距平分析法对银川市气温和降水的长期变化进行了分析。通过分析银川市近62年气温降水的变化,认识了银川市极端天气事件的变化趋势,阐述了银川市极端天气事件的影响,同时也对银川市积极适应气候变化,调整各种生产生活活动提供参考依据,特别是对该地区的农业生产具有明显的指导作用。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.     

Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater

Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.