Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species |
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Authors: | Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby |
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Institution: | 1. Nofima AS - The Norwegian Institute of Food , Fisheries and Aquaculture Research , Osloveien 1, Aas , N-1430 , Norway grete.skrede@nofima.no;3. Nofima AS - The Norwegian Institute of Food , Fisheries and Aquaculture Research , Osloveien 1, Aas , N-1430 , Norway;4. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 , Aas , Norway;5. TINE SA , TINE R&6. D Center , P.O. Box 7, Oslo , N-0902 , Kalbakken , Norway |
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Abstract: | Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. |
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Keywords: | Anthocyanins antioxidants antiradical power apple aronia ascorbic acid bilberry blackcurrant blueberry cloudberry composition dry matter elderberry FRAP gooseberry lingonberry pH raspberry red currant soluble solids sour cherry strawberry sweet cherry titratable acids total phenolics |
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