农杆菌介导法转化大豆体细胞胚获得转基因植株

以六个品种大豆体细胞胚为受体,以Bt基因为目的基因,应用根癌农杆菌介导法对大豆进行了遗传转化,经卡那霉素选择、诱导体细胞胚萌发及壮苗培养,获得了完整的抗性再生苗,经PCR、PCR-Southern和点杂交分析鉴定,初步证明外源基因Bt已整合到大豆的基因组中。     

通过农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆的研究

本研究以大豆体细胞胚为受体。用农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆基因组中．获得了抗性植株。经GUS染色、PCR及PCR-southern杂交等分子检测。证明目的基因已导入并整合到大豆基因组中。为利用大豆作为生物反应器生产口蹄疫新型口服疫苗奠定了基础。     

农杆菌介导法转化大豆最佳条件的研究

以球形期的大豆体细胞胚为转基因受体,以抗性体细胞胚筛选率为转化率指标,用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,对转化的最佳条件进行了初步研究.结果表明:大豆体细胞胚预培养2 d,菌液浓度OD600=0.5～0.7,S浓度为50～100 μmol/L,侵染时间10 min,共培养时间2～3 d有利于提高转化率;对不同筛选代数观察结果表明,转化率在3个月以前较低,而在3个月以后则基本稳定在8%.     

大豆体细胞胚胎发生系统组织学研究

大豆体细胞可以诱导发生在形态和结构上类似胚结构的胚状体。利用大豆体细胞胚发生系统进行大豆遗传转化,具有转化频率高、同步性好、转基因植株嵌合体少等诸多优点。对经根癌农杆菌侵染后,在含卡那霉素筛选培养基上生长的大豆未成熟子叶胚性细胞的发生、分化及发育进行了组织学研究。结果表明,体细胞胚以非芽体方式发生。胚性细胞可以从外植体表层或表层下1-2层细胞开始发生。随着胚性细胞的分裂,周围细胞开始退化解体,并形成具有类似胚柄结构的胚状体。之后,呈球形的胚状体突出于表皮之外,并依次发育成心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶形胚。以期为利用大豆未成熟子叶诱导体细胞胚发生系统高效转化体系的建立提供理论依据。     

果树的体细胞胚发生

本文综述了影响果树体细胞胚发生的主要因素以及果树体细胞胚高频率发生、同步化控制措施及成熟与转化的条件,列表统计了离体培养体细胞胚发生的果树种类及部分果树体胚发生的培养基。     

龙眼体细胞胚发生早期的蛋白质组学

【目的】通过龙眼（Dimocarpus longan Lour.）体细胞胚发生早期5个阶段的蛋白质组学研究,为植物胚胎发育相关蛋白基因分离和植物体细胞胚发生相关机制等的深入研究奠定基础。【方法】利用已建立的龙眼体细胞胚发生再生系统,经同步化培养获得龙眼体细胞胚发生早期5个阶段胚性培养物,并采用双向电泳和质谱技术对龙眼体细胞胚发生早期的蛋白质组变化进行分析。【结果】龙眼体细胞胚发生早期5个阶段的蛋白质2D表达谱可检测到1 203-1 798个蛋白点,其在龙眼体细胞胚发生早期各阶段大部分具有阶段差异表达特性,有小部分是阶段特异表达,根据其蛋白数目、表达丰度、分子量和等电点等变化,确定了龙眼体细胞胚发生早期的ECII到CpECGE阶段是体细胞胚发生早期的关键性阶段。成功鉴定45个差异蛋白,成功率为37%,其中以能量、碳水化合物代谢相关蛋白和氧化胁迫反应相关蛋白占多数,分别为22%和27%;通过其功能分析可以推断出,龙眼体细胞胚发生早期,能量和糖代谢是体细胞胚发生的基础,而氧化胁迫反应是体细胞胚发生的先决条件,并通过参与细胞骨架的稳定、氮代谢、信号转导、基因调控、蛋白质的翻译加工修饰和定位等功能的蛋白,构成一个庞大的龙眼体细胞胚发生蛋白质调控网络系统,保证体细胞胚的正常发育。【结论】对龙眼体细胞胚发生早期过程的蛋白质表达变化有了较全面的了解,蛋白质表达数量呈先减低后升高再减低的趋势,龙眼体细胞胚发生早期能量和糖代谢旺盛,氧化胁迫反应相关蛋白对体细胞胚早期的发生和发育有重要的调控作用。     

铁皮石斛离体根尖经体细胞胚再生植株研究

以铁皮石斛离体根尖为外植体,研究了在不同培养条件下离体根尖经愈伤组织形成体细胞胚及直接产生体细胞胚再生植株的细胞学过程,认为铁皮石斛类原球茎是单细胞起源的真正体细胞胚.     

外源DNA导入水稻体细胞胚研究初报

以水稻Ｒ２８８的幼穗为外植体，培养在附加激素的ＭＳ固体培养基上诱导出愈伤组织，挑选胚性愈伤组织进行液体振荡培养，建立体细胞悬浮细胞系，诱导出体细胞胚并大量增殖．用水稻紫香糯幼苗为材料提取其ＤＮＡ，以不同浓度ＤＮＡ浸泡体细胞胚，发现体细胞胚的生长发育与试管苗发生了明显变化．试管苗移植大田，获得了种子，植株矮小．初步表明外源ＤＮＡ导入体细胞胚能够诱发变异．     

基因枪介导外源基因转化棉花幼胚方法的研究

以棉花幼胚作为外源基因转化的受体，用基因枪法将β-1，3-葡聚糖酶及几丁质酶双价基因导入棉花，所构建的植物表达载体pBIBGC携带有筛选标记npt-Ⅱ（新霉素磷酸转移酶）基因。基因枪转化处理的幼胚经骨那霉素（Kan）筛选培养，已获得了抗性植株。研究表明用基因枪法转化处理棉花幼胚是一种操作简便、重复性好的转化方法，用该法可将外源基因导入幼胚，因而避开了植株离体再生的困难。     

龙眼体细胞胚胎高质量浓度蔗糖成熟培养后的超微结构变化

以龙眼红核子品种的松散型胚性愈伤组织诱导的体细胞胚胎为材料 ,研究了体细胞胚胎经 5 0 g· L- 1 蔗糖成熟培养后的超微结构变化 .结果表明 ,经过成熟培养之后 ,龙眼体细胞胚胎细胞在结构和代谢上都发生了根本性的变化 .该研究有助于了解龙眼体细胞成熟机理以及进一步优化龙眼体胚再生系统     

苜蓿转LEA_3基因研究

以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种中苜一号为试材,进行愈伤组织的诱导。通过基因枪法将来源于大麦的胚胎发生丰富蛋白基因lea3导入愈伤组织细胞,于8 mg/L PPT的选择压力下筛选2个月,获得了抗性愈伤组织及再生植株,并将再生植株再次转入含有PPT的诱导继代培养基中进行筛选。通过PCR检测,在21株再生植株中有2株扩增出了目的基因片段。证实lea3基因已导入了苜蓿细胞中,并表达。     

大豆体细胞胚胎发生系统组织学研究

通过对栽培大豆品种体细胞胚胎发生频率组织学进行研究,了解在农杆菌和卡那霉素存在的条件下,大豆未成熟子叶胚性细胞的发生、分化、发育过程和胚胎发生规律,为大豆未成熟子叶诱导体细胞胚发生高效转化体系提供理论依据。     

大豆体细胞胚胎发生系统组织学研究(英文)

Soybean somatic cell could induce the development of embryoid which was similar to embryo morphologically and structurally. Somatic embryogenesis system of soybean was used to conduct genetic transformation of soybean because of its several advantages such as higher transformational efficiency,beetter synchronism and fewer plant chimeras among transgenic plants. After infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens,the initiation,differentiation and development of young cotyledon embryogenic cell of soybean which was cultured on selective culture medium with kanamycin were investigated through histological study. The result showed that somatic embryo was differentiated in non-bud differentiation way. The embryogenic cells were differentiated from epidermis of explant or cells in 1 layer or 2 layers,with the division of embryogenic cells and degradation and disorganization of surrounding cells,the embryogenic cells would form embryoid with analogous suspensor structure.Later,globular embryoid would extrude from epidermis then developed into heart-shape embryo.The experiment was expected to provide theoretical reference for the construction of high transformational system of using plant somatic embryogenesis induced by young cotyledon of soybean.     

Histological Study on Soybean Somatic Embryogenesis

Soybean somatic cell could induce the development of embryoid which was similar to embryo morphologically and structurally. Somatic embryogenesis system of soybean was used to conduct genetic transformation of soybean because of its several advantages such as higher transformational efficiency,beetter synchronism and fewer plant chimeras among transgenic plants. After infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens,the initiation,differentiation and development of young cotyledon embryogenic cell of soybean which was cultured on selective culture medium with kanamycin were investigated through histological study. The result showed that somatic embryo was differentiated in non-bud differentiation way. The embryogenic cells were differentiated from epidermis of explant or cells in 1 layer or 2 layers,with the division of embryogenic cells and degradation and disorganization of surrounding cells,the embryogenic cells would form embryoid with analogous suspensor structure.Later,globular embryoid would extrude from epidermis then developed into heart-shape embryo.The experiment was expected to provide theoretical reference for the construction of high transformational system of using plant somatic embryogenesis induced by young cotyledon of soybean.     

Histological Study on Soybean Somatic Embryogenesis

Soybean somatic cell could induce the development of embryoid which was similar to embryo morphologically and structurally. Somatic embryo-genesis system of soybean was used to conduct genetic transformation of soybean because of its several advantages such as higher transformational efficiency, beetter synchronism and fewer plant chimeras among transgenic plants. After infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens,the initiation, differentiation and de-velopment of young cotyledon embryogenic cell of soybean which was cultured on selective culture medium with kanamycin were investigated through histo-logical study. The resuh showed that somatic embryo was differentiated in non-bud differentiation way. The embryogenic coils were differentiated from epi-dermis of explant or cells in 1 layer or 2 layers, with the division of embryogenic cells and degradation and disorganization of surrounding cells, the embryo-genic cells would form embryoid with analogous suspensor structure, later, globular embryoid would extrude from epidermis then developed into heart-shape embryo. The experiment was expected to provide theoretical reference for the construction of high transformational system of using plant somatic embryogene-sis induced by young cotyledon of soybean.     

鹤望兰八氢番茄红素合成酶基因克隆及表达分析

[目的]揭示八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)基因在鹤望兰花色形成中的作用.[方法]依据植物PSY基因的氨基酸保守序列设计引物,从鹤望兰黄色花萼中克隆PSY片段,对该片段进行序列比对和系统进化分析,并应用RT-PCR技术分析PSY基因在不同器官和花朵发育过程中的表达特性.[结果]克隆获得248 bp的PSY段,编码82个氨基酸,经注册,在GenBank的登录号为JN887695.由该片段推导出的氨基酸序列与其他植物的PSY蛋白有很高的同源性,其中与大蒜的亲缘关系最近,达90%,初步证明为目标基因.此外,该基因在鹤望兰始花期和黄色萼片中表达量最高.[结论]PSY可能在转录水平上对鹤望兰黄色花的形成起调控作用.     

花生体细胞胚发生及植株再生

以花生优良品种四粒红成熟种子胚轴为外植体,诱导体细胞胚发生并获得了再生植株。将胚轴切成小段,接种于附加40 mg/L的MS培养基上诱导胚性愈伤组织,愈伤组织转移至2,4-D 20 mg/L的MS培养基上形成体细胞胚。体细胞胚发生率达到66.67%;体细胞胚在BA浓度逐渐降低的MS培养基上培养,发育成完整植株。     

大豆铁蛋白基因GmFerritin在玉米中的遗传转化

使用In-Fusion试剂盒构建表达载体pCUB-Zein::ferritin-35s::bar,以玉米自交系齐319茎尖分生组织为受体,采用农杆菌介导法,将玉米胚乳特异启动子基因15 kDβ-Zein驱动的大豆铁蛋白ferritin基因转入玉米,共筛选出272株除草剂(草铵膦)抗性植株,其中108株PCR检测呈阳性,转化率达3.6%,初步判断Zein::ferritin基因已转入玉米基因组中。     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究

[目的]探讨供体细胞类型、移植胚胎发育阶段、数量及部位对山羊转基因克隆效率的影响。[方法]利用体细胞核移植技术将转染人乳铁蛋白基因hLF的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞(GFF)和乳腺上皮细胞(GMGE)移植到MII期去核卵母细胞内,经电融合、激活、体外培养后,2~8细胞期克隆胚被移植到同期发情山羊的输卵管内,囊胚被移植到子宫角内。[结果]GFF与GMGE的妊娠率相近(输卵管移植妊娠率分别为26.47%及20.00%);在GFF,输卵管移植的妊娠率与子宫角内移植妊娠率接近(分别为26.47%及25.00%),输卵管移植胚胎平均数为21.2组的妊娠率显著高于5.93组和9.64组(40.00%及26.67%,21.43%)。[结论]供体细胞类型、移植胚胎的发育阶段及移植部位对山羊转基因克隆效率的影响不大,但对于输卵管移植,受体羊移植胚胎数量对妊娠率有明显的影响。此外,该研究还提示了利用成年羊乳腺上皮细胞制作转基因动物的可行性。     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.