2012～2014年江西地区副猪嗜血杆菌分离株ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析

在对15种副猪嗜血杆菌血清型参考株鉴定获得15种不同ERIC-PCR指纹的基础上,对2012~2014年分离自江西地区41株副猪嗜血杆菌临床分离菌株进行指纹鉴定。结果表明,41株副猪嗜血杆菌产生20种不同的指纹图谱,相同血清型的菌株表现出不同的指纹图谱,无法进行血清分型的副猪嗜血杆菌应用该方法可得到充分区分。该方法证实副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱存在丰富的多样性,可适用于副猪嗜血杆菌的快速基因分型及分子流行病学调查。     

2009～2010年华南地区副猪嗜血杆菌分离株ERIC-PCR指纹图谱的鉴定和分析

本试验采用肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列多态性聚合酶链式反应(ERIC-PCR)对2009~2010年分离自华南地区的41株副猪嗜血杆菌野生菌株及15株参考菌株进行了指纹图谱的鉴定。利用BioNumerics 5.1软件对所有菌株的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱进行分析,结果显示,15株具有不同血清型的参考菌株均具有不同的指纹图谱;41株华南地区副猪嗜血杆菌野生分离株则具有26个不同的指纹图谱,该方法对所有56株副猪嗜血杆菌的鉴别率为0.984。由此可见,ERIC-PCR分型方法具有较好种间的鉴别能力,可作为副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学研究中的一种有效的辅助分子手段。     

广西地区副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分型研究

为探讨肠道细菌基因间重复序列(ERIC)的聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术用于副猪嗜血杆菌基因分型的可行性,对分离自广西地区不同猪场的22株副猪嗜血杆菌进行ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分型研究.结果发现,22株分离株显示出12种指纹图谱,可以区分无法进行血清分型的菌株.表明ERIC-PCR可适用于对副猪嗜血杆菌进行分子流行病学调...     

副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱多样性研究

建立了副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR分型技术,并应用于临床分离菌株的流行病学调查。试验结果表明,47株副猪嗜血杆菌产生28种不同的指纹图谱,分离自同一猪场和相同血清型的菌株表现出不同的指纹图谱,不能进行血清分型的副猪嗜血杆菌应用该方法可得到充分区分,证实副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC指纹图谱存在丰富的多样性,ERIC-PCR方法是副猪嗜血杆菌流行病学规律分析的有效方法。     

新疆北部部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌的ERIC-PCR指纹聚类分析

为了解新疆北部部分规模化养猪场副猪嗜血杆菌(H.parasuis)分离株的基因型,本实验采用ERIC-PCR方法结合统计学分析软件,对来源不同的12株H.parasuis进行分子指纹图谱分析.结果表明12株分离株分别位于4个聚类中,各个菌株之间的遗传距离较近,并且含有长度为1 000 bp的相同条带,相同血清型的分离株在其分子指纹聚类上均位于同一个分支中.试验结果表明基于ERIC-PCR的分子指纹聚类分析结合传统的琼脂免疫扩散法可以准确地对不同分离株H.parasuis进行分型.试验结果显示H.parasuis在该地区广泛存在并具有多种不同的基因型,同时为该地区H.parasuis的免疫防治提供了重要的实验依据.     

副猪嗜血杆菌野外分离株的ERIC-PCR 及其外膜蛋白图谱分析

为了解副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)现地分离株的流行情况及其进化来源,本研究采用肠杆菌科基因间重复一致序列PCR(ERIC-PCR)分型和外膜蛋白(OMP)分型技术对采集自3个猪场的24株HPS分离株进行分型.结果表明,以ERIC-PCR法分析24个分离株共产生10种DNA指纹图谱,依次分别包含5株、3株、1株、7株、1株、2株、1株、1株、2株和1株分离株.其中一个猪场的分离株仅为图谱Ⅰ和Ⅱ,另外两个猪场分别为图谱Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V和Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、X.试检测结果表明同一猪场存在的菌株有两种或两种以上基因型,并且不同猪场流行的基因型不同.采用OMP分型也表现出与ERIC-PCR分型一致的结果.因此,ERIC-PCR和OMP分型均可以用于HPS的流行病学调查.     

6株副猪嗜血杆菌基因组DNA的PCR指纹图谱研究

根据肠道菌基因闻重复一致序列，设计了一对特异性引物，采用ERIC-PCR和RAPD技术，研究了副猪嗜血杆菌6个分离菌株的指纹图谱和DNA多态性。结果表明，6个分离株的PCR指纹图谱与15个标准血清型指纹图谱相比较可分辨出4种血清型；6个分离株的RAPD研究结果均表现出多态性。有意义的是，6个菌株的多态性DNA片段也能明显将其分为4种类型的副猪嗜血杆菌，与特异性引物PCR结果相一致。该研究可作为流行病学调查和该菌的分子分型快速诊断方法的基础。     

江苏部分规模化猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病的调查与分析

为了调查江苏省规模化猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病的流行状况,以便采取有效的防控措施,试验采集江苏省18家规模化猪场的29份病料进行分离培养、形态观察、培养特性检验、生化鉴定、PCR鉴定。结果表明:分离出15株副猪嗜血杆菌;15株分离菌中血清1型5株,12型3株,4型和5型各2株,未定型3株;筛选出了3株强毒株;大部分菌株对头孢吡肟敏感,对其他抗生素均有不同程度的耐药。说明副猪嗜血杆菌病在江苏部分地区广泛流行,并有增长的趋势。     

副猪嗜血杆菌分离与基因分型鉴定

本研究选择6个具有明显多发性浆膜炎等症状的猪场,从患猪肺支气管中分离获得6株副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPs),采用RFLP-PCR针对tbpA基因进行基因型鉴定。结果显示,6个分离株属于4种不同的HPs基因型,证明我国HPs流行株存在多种基因型,采用PCR-RFLP分析副猪嗜血杆菌流行病学规律,具有实用意义。     

副猪嗜血杆菌上海分离株的生物学特性与基因型分析

从培养特性、生化特性和耐药特性等多方面研究了副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)上海分离株的生物学特性。各分离株因生存环境差异等原因表现出不同的生化和耐药特性,分离菌株对多种药物完全耐药,并且各菌株耐药性各不同。根据16SrRNA序列设计引物建立了目的条带为821bp的特异PCR快速检测方法,并对其产物进行测序鉴定与比对分析,结果表明所有分离株的PCR扩增产物序列比对结果与此前报道的HPS的同源性为97.3%～100%。运用ERIC-PCR扩增建立指纹图谱,通过聚类分析以确定其基因型特征,ERIC-PCR将20株菌分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ2个大类群,分离株均属于Ⅰ群A亚群。快速PCR检测方法的建立和基因型研究为上海地区HPS的监控提供了理论基础,并揭示各分离菌株具有一致的遗传进化背景与方向。     

副猪嗜血杆菌tbpA基因PCR—RFLP分型

副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis,HPs）是目前影响世界养猪业的重要病原之一。本试验利用针对HPs转铁蛋白基因tbpA的PCR—RFLP分型方法,对2003-2008年分离自江苏、上海、广西、浙江、江西和安徽等6省市的57个HPs分离株及15个参考菌株进行PCR—RFLP分析。结果显示,15个血清型参考菌株分为9种基因型,57个HPs流行分离株分为15种基因型,其中在我国最为流行的基因型分别为DBN（38％）,ABN（18％）与DBP（12％）。本研究表明副猪嗜血杆菌在我国猪群中普遍存在,并至少有15个RFLP基因亚型,从而为我国HPs病的防治提供了重要理论依据。     

Characterization of the diversity of Haemophilus parasuis field isolates by use of serotyping and genotyping

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the genetic diversity of Haemophilus parasuis field isolates with regard to serovar, herd of origin, and site of isolation. SAMPLE POPULATION: Isolates of H parasuis obtained from pigs in 15 North American herds and multi-farm systems. PROCEDURE: 98 H parasuis isolates were genotyped with the enterobacterial repetitive intergeneic consensus based-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique and serotyped via agar gel precipitation test. Genomic fingerprints were analyzed and dendrograms were constructed to identify strains from the same serovar group, herd of origin, or isolation site and to evaluate the genetic variability within these categories. RESULTS: Serovar 4 (39%) and nontypeable (NT) isolates (27%) were most prevalent. Thirty-four distinct strains were identified among the 98 isolates, using a 90% similarity cutoff. Strains from serovar 4 and NT isolates had high genetic diversity (12 and 18 strains, respectively). One to 3 major clusters of prevalent strains could be identified in most of the evaluated herds. Haemophilus parasuis strains isolated from the upper respiratory tract were either serovar 3 or NT isolates. Potentially virulent strains (isolated from systemic sites) were either serovars 1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, or 14, or NT isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although H parasuis had high genetic diversity overall, only a few strains caused disease in these herds. The ERIC-PCR technique was more discriminative than serotyping, and a broad genetic variety was observed within particular serovar groups.     

Establishment, validation and use of the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson serotyping scheme for Haemophilus parasuis

OBJECTIVES: To produce antisera to the 15 recognised reference strains of the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson (KRG) serotyping scheme for Haemophilus parasuis, validate those sera and use them to serotype 46 Australian field isolates of H parasuis. DESIGN: Antisera were produced in rabbits and validated by cross-testing with the reference strains and re-testing 15 Australian field isolates of H parasuis that had been previously serotyped in the United States of America. The validated antisera were then used to determine the serovar of 46 Australian isolates. RESULTS: Monospecific antisera were produced for 14 of the 15 KRG serovars of H parasuis. Two Australian field isolates, confirmed previously as serovars 1 and 7, were used to produce monospecific antisera for serovars 1 and 7 respectively. The antiserum for serovar 4 gave a one-way cross reaction with the antigen of serovar 14. The typing antisera correctly typed all 15 H parasuis that had been previously typed by antisera produced overseas. The 46 field isolates were shown to belong to serovars 2 (two isolates), 4 (one isolate), 5 (18 isolates), 12 (two isolates) and 13 (four isolates). The remaining 19 isolates were non-typable. CONCLUSION: Serotyping of H parasuis isolates is now available in Australia. H parasuis serovars 5 and 13 remain the predominant serovars present in Australian pigs.     

Analyses of Dutch Haemophilus parasuis isolates by serotyping, genotyping by ERIC-PCR and Hsp60 sequences and the presence of the virulence associated trimeric autotransporters marker

In this study, 117 isolates of Haemophilus parasuis from organs and tissues from pigs showing clinical signs, were characterised and compared with 10 H. parasuis reference strains. The isolates were subjected to the 16S rRNA gene PCR and subsequently serotyped, genotyped by 60-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60) gene sequences, the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and a multiplex PCR for the detection of the vtaA virulence associated trimeric autotransporter genes. Serotyping revealed the presence of 13 H. parasuis serovars. Serovars 3 and 10 were not detected, and 16 of the 117 H. parasuis isolates could not be typed by specific antisera. All isolates were positive in the 16S rRNA gene specific H. parasuis PCR. ERIC-PCR revealed a very heterogeneous pattern with 61 clusters; based on a 90% agreement. In total, 46 different Hsp60 sequence types were detected. Using 98% sequence similarity, as threshold for separation, 22 separate Hsp60 sequence clusters were distinguished. There was no correlation between H. parasuis serovars and ERIC-PCR clusters or Hsp60 sequence types, but both the ERIC-PCR and the Hsp60 sequence typing are suited as markers for H. parasuis molecular-epidemiology studies. In total, 102 H. parasuis swine isolates corresponded to the virulence associated group 1 vtaA type. The group 1 vtaA was detected in 12 different serovars. Only four of the 46 Hsp60 sequence types were not associated with the group 1 vtaA. This study shows that Dutch H. parasuis isolates from pigs with clinical signs have both a high serovar and genotypic lineage diversity. A majority of the known serovars contain the group 1 vtaA.     

Genotyping of Haemophilus parasuis isolated from northwest China using PCR-RFLP based on the ompA gene

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are the major virulent factors of Haemophilus parasuis. PCR-RFLP targeting the ompA gene was conducted to investigate the possibility of genotyping H. parasuis in this study. Fifteen reference strains and 49 isolates from pig farms in northwest China were genotyped by PCR-RFLP with a pair of specific primers. The results indicated that both the 15 reference strains and 49 isolates could be classified into 8 different genotypes by PCR-RFLP, respectively. Seven genotypes including AA, BB, BA, CA, BC, BD and CD existed simultaneously in the reference strains and isolates, but genotype CB only existed in the isolated strains. Interestingly, genotypes BA, CD and CA were only found in diseased pigs and accounted for 38.8%, 22.4% and 18.4% of the isolates, respectively. On the other hand, strains isolated from apparently healthy pigs were classified into genotypes AA, BB, BC and CB. However, the virulent reference serovar 1 strain has an AA genotype, and the fact that nearly all strains from the healthy pigs belonged to serovars classed as virulent suggests that these genotypes might also include virulent strains; therefore, further validation with more field strains is needed. The capability of the RFLP-PCR method based on the ompA gene for genotyping H. parasuis isolates indicates that this method may be a useful tool for epidemiological study.     

Biofilm formation by field isolates and reference strains of Haemophilus parasuis

The ability to form biofilms for a total of 80 field isolates and 15 reference strains of Haemophilus parasuis, the etiological agent of Glasser's disease, was tested by glass tube and polystyrene microtiter plate assays. A total 43% of field isolates, including strains representing 13 serovars (except serovars 3 and 8) and non-typable strains, exhibited the ability to form biofilms at different levels via polystyrene microtiter plate assays. Among the reference strains representing 15 serovars, only serovars 2, 9, 12, 13 and 15 could not form biofilms on the polystyrene surface. A total of 85% of the strains forming biofilms at air-liquid interfaces in glass tubes also formed biofilms on polystyrene surfaces. Generally, non-virulent serovars showed a higher degree of biofilm formation than virulent serovars. The biofilm formation phenotype of most strains was maintained when cultures were passaged on agar and in broth. H. parasuis from the nasal cavities of pigs experimentally infected with biofilm-positive bacteria maintained the biofilm formation phenotype, whereas bacteria recovered from the lung and brain lost the ability to form biofilms. The biofilm-negative strains did not recover the ability to form biofilms via experimental infection. Our data indicate that most serovars of H. parasuis could form biofilms in vitro, and the biofilm formation phenotype is associated with the recovery site of the strains and is maintained when bacteria are passaged in vitro and in the upper respiratory tract.     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清型和外膜蛋白P5基因型多样性的研究

副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)的血清型及基因型具有复杂多样性。本研究用间接血凝试验对某一猪场分离的Hps进行血清分型鉴定,并对部分菌株的外膜蛋白P5基因进行克隆测序和进化发育分析。试验结果显示,在21头病死猪不同部位共分离了42株Hps,其中 Hps血清5型17株(40.7%)、血清14型12株(28.5%)、血清4型1株(2.3%)和未定型12株(28.5%)。本试验中有5头猪同时感染2种不同血清型的Hps。21株Hps临床分离株分属5个不同基因序列型(STA～STE),其中STA有12株(12/21)为优势基因型;相同血清型的Hps分离株具有不同的STs型,来自同一头猪的Hps血清型和STs型也不相同。以上结果表明,同一猪群感染的Hps血清型和基因型存在明显的多样性,同一头猪感染Hps的血清型和基因型也存在多样性。本研究为进一步揭示猪群感染Hps的复杂性,研究该病的感染与流行机制提供了有价值的参考。