新疆两个苜蓿品种的核型分析

对新疆的两个苜蓿品种"新牧1号"和"新牧2号"的根尖细胞有丝分裂染色体进行核型分析,结果表明:新牧1号和新牧2号的核型都为2B,核型公式分别为2n=4x=32=2M+24m+4sm(4SAT)+2st和2n=4x=32=10M+6m+8sm(SAT)+8t.     

扁穗牛鞭草染色体数目及核型分析

采用常规根尖压片法,对扁穗牛鞭草栽培品种‘广益’和野生扁穗牛鞭草材料T003染色体数目和核型进行研究,结果表明:(1)扁穗牛鞭草染色体基数x=9;(2)‘广益’扁穗牛鞭草为六倍体,核型公式为2n=6x=54=34m+10sm(2SAT)+6st+2t+2T,核不对称系数为61.43%,核型属于2B类型;(2)野生扁穗牛鞭草材料T003为四倍体,核型公式为2n=4x=36=14m+10sm(2SAT)+8st+4T,核不对称系数为65.67%,核型属于2C类型。     

赖草属三个八倍体和两个十二倍体物种的核型研究

本研究报道了赖草属3个八倍体和2个十二倍体植物的核型.核型公式如下,含糊赖草(Leymus ambiguus),2n=8x=56=42m(6SAT) 12sm(6SAT) 2st(2SAT);大赖草(L. racemosus),2n=8x=56=2M 46m 8sm;毛穗赖草(L.paboanus),2n=8x=56=42m 14sm(2SAT);窄颖赖草(L.angustus),2n=12x=84=62m 22sm;卡瑞赖草(L.karelinii),2n=12x=84=72m 12sm.它们的核型属2A或2B型.其中前2种的八倍体核型和2个十二倍体植物的核型为首次报道.     

野豌豆属4个品种（系）的染色体核型

对野豌豆属(Vicia)4个不同品种(系)的根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体进行数目统计及核型分析。结果显示,4个品种(系)的染色体数目相同,均为2n=2x=12;但核型公式和核型类型各不相同,春箭筈豌豆品种“兰箭3号” (Vicia sativa Lanjian No.3)和狭叶野豌豆品种333/A (V. angustifolia 333/A)的核型公式分别为2n=2x=8m+2sm+2st和2n=2x=2m+8sm(2SAT)+2st,春箭筈豌豆品系2556、2560的核型公式均为2n=2x=10m+2sm;兰箭3号和品系2556的核型类型均为“2B”,品系2560的核型类型为“1B”,而品种333/A的核型类型为“3B”。表明不同品种(系)春箭筈豌豆之间具有染色体遗传多样性。     

8个大粒裸燕麦品种核型研究

采用常规压片法对来源于我国不同省份的8个大粒裸燕麦品种进行了核型分析及进化趋势研究,旨在为燕麦种质资源的收集,鉴定,开发利用和良种培育提供细胞学依据.研究结果表明,8份大粒裸燕麦材料的核型公式分别为:青莜3号:2n=6x=42=22m+20sm (4SAT);平安莜麦:2n=6x=42=18m+24sm (4SAT);白燕2号:2n=6x=42=18m+24sm (2SAT);花早2号:2n=6x=42=20m+22sm (2SAT);花晚6号:2n=6x=42=14m+28sm (6SAT);晋燕8号:2n=6x=42=22m+20sm (4SAT);宁莜1号:2n=6x=42=16m+26sm (2SAT);定莜6号:2n=6x=42=16m+26sm (4SAT),8个燕麦品种的核型均属于2B型.进行聚类及进化趋势分析发现,白燕2号为最进化的品种,青莜3号为最原始的品种.     

阿尔冈金和WL-323两苜蓿品种染色体核型分析

本文研究阿尔冈金(Algonquin)和WL-323两苜蓿品种染色体,通过比较分析,结果表明：阿尔冈金的核型公式为2n=2x=30=8sm(2SAT) 16m(2SAT) 4M 2st(2SAT),为2A型。WL-323的核型为2n=2x=28=8sm 4M 16m。为2B型。     

七种野生铁线莲属植物核型分析

铁线莲属植物种间在形态、香味、花量、绿期及生活型等方面差异较大,遗传背景也相对复杂,因此在杂交育种前了解其核型特征意义重大。采用染色体常规压片法,对东方铁线莲、大花铁线莲、大叶铁线莲、褐毛铁线莲、棉团铁线莲、齿叶铁线莲和东北铁线莲7种野生铁线莲属植物的倍性及核型进行分析,结果表明,1) 7种野生铁线莲中除东北铁线莲为四倍体(2n=4x=32)外,另外6种均为二倍体(2n=2x=16),染色体基数为8。染色体类型有中部(m)、亚中部(sm)、亚端部(st)、端部(t)4种,其中大花铁线莲和大叶铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m+2st+t,褐毛铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m+3st,棉团铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m+2st(SAT)+t,齿叶铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m(SAT)+2st+t,东方铁线莲的核型公式为2n=2x=16=5m(SAT)+sm(SAT)+2st,东北铁线莲的核型公式为2n=4x=32=5m+2st+t。东方铁线莲、棉团铁线莲、齿叶铁线莲的短臂上带有随体。2) 核型不对称系数为62.27%~66.77%,核型类型均为2A型,表明7种野生铁线莲属植物的进化程度均较原始。其中,褐毛铁线莲和齿叶铁线莲为首次报道。     

热研4号王草和桂闽引象草的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对热研4号王草(Pennisetum purpureum×P.americanum cv.Reyan No.4)和桂闽引象草(P.purpureumcv.Guiminyin)的染色体数目和核型进行分析,以期为狼尾草属种质资源多样性保护利用和遗传育种研究提供理论依据。结果表明,两者染色体基数均为x=7。其中,热研4号王草为三倍体,有21条染色体,核型公式2n=3x=21=21m(3SAT),染色体相对组成I.R.L=9S+3M1+3M2+6L,3条染色体含有随体;桂闽引象草为四倍体,有28条染色体,核型公式2n=4x=28=18m(2SAT)+10sm(2SAT),染色体相对组成I.R.L=10S+6M1+4M2+8L,4条染色体含有随体。热研4号王草和桂闽引象草核型不对称系数分别为60.15%和62.19%,属于1B型和1C型,其核型都属于比较原始的类型。     

白沙蒿和油蒿的染色体核型分析研究

本试验采用常规根尖压片法对白沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch．）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica Krasch．）进行染色体数目的统计和核型分析,结果表明自沙蒿的核型公式为2n=2x=18=14m（4SAT）＋4sm,为2A型;油蒿的核型公式为2n=2x=18=16m（2SAT）＋2sm,核型属2A型。为两种蒿属牧草进一步的研究和开发利用提供了细胞遗传学依据。     

不同倍性燕麦的核型分析

试验采用根尖压片法分别对燕麦的3个种Avena nudibreri,A.hispanica和A.sativa的燕麦材料的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明:Avena nudibreri的染色体数目为2n=14,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具2对近中部着丝点染色体和五对中部着丝点染色体,其中第5对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena hispanica的染色体数目为2n=28,核型公式为2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(2SAT),着丝点的位置有近中部着丝点和中部着丝点区,其中第10对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena sativa的染色体数目为2n=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=26m+16sm(4SAT),具8对近中部着丝点染色体,第12对和第17对染色体短臂末端带有随体,其余为中部着丝点染色体,染色体组型属2B型。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.