表达传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因重组鸡痘病毒的构建

将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因插入到鸡痘病毒转移载体pSY681中，获得重组转移载体pSY681。将pSY681-IBVS1转染已感染亲本鸡痘病毒S-FPV-017株的鸡胚成纤维细胞，使其在鸡胚成纤维细胞内与鸡痘病毒基因组发生同源重组，产生表达鸡IBVS1蛋白的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-IBVS1。在含有X-gal的营养琼脂培养基上进行蓝斑筛选且进一步纯化14代。S1基因的PCR检测表明，获得的含传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因的重组鸡痘病毒能够稳定遗传，间接免疫荧光和Western blot等试验证实该重组病毒在CEF内真实地表达了分子量约为90Ku的具有免疫学活性的IBV S1糖蛋白。     

H9亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的重组禽痘病毒构建

本试验构建了H9亚型禽流感病毒HA基因禽痘病毒转移载体,经转染、蓝斑克隆、筛选和纯化,获得了遗传性状稳定的HA基因重组禽痘病毒。提取感染重组病毒的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的DNA进行PCR扩增,获得1.7kb的携带有外源目的基因片段。收集纯化的重组病毒CEF细胞,用H9亚型禽流感病毒多克隆血清作一抗,碱性磷酸酶标记的鸡IgG为二抗进行Western blot检测,结果表明重组痘病毒能在体外的CEF细胞表达HA糖蛋白。     

鹅细小病毒VP3基因与鹅γ干扰素基因在重组禽痘病毒中的共表达

为了构建共表达鹅细小病毒(GPV)VP3基因与鹅IFNγ基因的重组禽痘病毒,本研究将GPV-VP3基因和鹅IFNγ基因克隆到禽痘病毒转移载体中,构建串联基因的禽痘病毒转移载体pSY-GoIFNγ-VP3,采用脂质体法将其转染禽痘病毒感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),经蓝斑法筛选重组病毒,并进行8轮蚀斑纯化,以及PCR鉴定和间接免疫荧光(IFA)分析。结果表明,所获得的重组病毒rFPV-GoIFNγ-VP3能稳定表达外源基因。本研究为进一步开展GPV重组禽痘病毒疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

表达猪圆环病毒2型CAP蛋白和猪IL-18的重组禽痘病毒的构建

为了构建共表达猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)CAP蛋白和猪IL-18的重组禽痘病毒,本研究将CAP基因和猪IL-18基因分别置于pSY538的痘病毒启动子LP2EP2下,然后插入到含有痘苗病毒启动子P11启动的LacZ基因的禽痘病毒转移载体pSY681/lacZ中,获得重组转移质粒pSY681/CAP/IL18。将重组质粒pSY681/CAP/IL18转染入鸡胚成纤维细胞内,使CAP基因、猪IL-18基因和LacZ基因同源重组到禽痘病毒S-FPV-017中,产生重组禽痘病毒,经多次蓝斑克隆筛选纯化后,最终得到共表达CAP蛋白和猪IL-18的重组禽痘病毒(rFPV-CAP/IL18)。以rFPVCAP/IL18感染CEF,通过RT-PCR检测,CEF细胞中含CAP基因和猪IL-18基因的mRNA,间接免疫荧光试验证实感染rFPV-CAP/IL18的CEF能表达CAP蛋白。重组禽痘病毒能表达具有生物学活性的CAP和猪IL-18,为进一步的免疫效力研究奠定了基础。     

表达鹅副粘病毒F基因的禽痘重组病毒构建

本研究利用基因重组技术构建含有鹅副粘病毒(GPMV)主要保护性抗原F基因和LacZ报告基因的重组禽痘病毒转移载体;利用脂质体介导的方法将所构建的转移载体转染禽痘病毒(FPV)017株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过蓝白筛选获得重组病毒;Western blot和间接免疫荧光试验结果显示重组禽痘病毒中F基因在CEF中获得表达,并且表达产物具有良好的反应原性;本研究为进一步的研究重组禽痘病毒的免疫保护性奠定了基础.     

表达鹅γ干扰素重组禽痘病毒的构建及其抗病毒活性的初步研究

为研究表达鹅γ干扰素(GoIFN-γ)基因重组禽痘病毒的抗病毒活性,本研究构建了在禽痘病毒(FPV)早晚期启动子LP2EP2控制下的IFN-γ基因重组禽痘病毒转移载体,将其转染至亲本禽痘病毒S-FPV-017预感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chicken embryo fibroblasts,CEF),使其与禽痘病毒基因组进行同源重组,经过9轮筛选和纯化并进行PCR和间接免疫荧光检测,获得能稳定表达外源基因的重组病毒r FPV-IFNγ-LacZ。利用细胞病变抑制法检测抗病毒活性结果显示,在鸡胚成纤维细胞中重组禽痘病毒表达的IFN-γ对鹅细小病毒的复制具有显著抑制作用。本研究为制备共表达保护性抗原和γ干扰素基因的重组基因工程疫苗研究奠定基础。     

共表达H5亚型AIV HA 基因与鸡IL-18基因的重组鸡痘病毒的构建

以鸡痘病毒(FPV)疫苗株为载体,将H5亚型AIV血凝素基因(HA)和鸡白细胞介素18(IL-18)基因分别插入到鸡痘病毒表达载体pUTA-16-LacZ复合启动子(ATI-P7.5×20)和单一启动子(P7.5)下游,构建了携带AIV HA基因和鸡IL-18基因的重组鸡痘病毒转移载体质粒pUTAL-H5HA-IL18.将H5亚型AIV HA基因插入到鸡痘病毒表达载体pUTA2复合启动子(ATI-P7.5×20)下游构建了携带H5亚型AIV HA基因的重组鸡痘病毒转移载体质粒pUTA2-H5HA.应用脂质体转染法,将重组鸡痘病毒转移载体质粒与282E4株鸡痘病毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),在BrdU药物加压下进行3次蚀斑筛选.以不同代次细胞的mRNA为模板,利用H5亚型AIV HA基因和鸡IL-18基因特异引物进行RT-PCR和蛋白印迹检测,筛选出能共表达H5亚型AIV HA基因与鸡IL-18基因和单独表达H5亚型AIV HA基因的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA,这些重组鸡痘病毒的构建为AIV活载体疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

鹅细小病毒VP3基因重组禽痘病毒的构建和表达

本实验采用质脂体转染方法将禽痘病毒转移载体质粒PSY681VP3LacZ转染被禽痘病毒FPV-017感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞CEF，通过蓝白筛选和6轮蚀斑克隆纯化，获得了稳定的重组病毒。PCR鉴定，重组病毒基因组中含有VP3基因。Dot-ELISA实验证明，重组病毒表达了VP3，并具有抗原性。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒gD基因与ChIL-2重组禽痘病毒的构建及其免疫效力试验

将鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ILTV）gD基因和鸡白细胞介素2（ChIL-2）基因通过同源重组法重组禽痘病毒转移载体,构建含ILTVgD基因和ChIL-2基因的重组禽痘病毒转移载体rFPVIL2ILTV—gD,蓝色蚀斑纯化法纯化重组病毒,用IFA检测重组病毒中ILTVgD基因的表达和用ELISA试剂盒检测ChIL-2的表达。重组病毒rFPV—IL2-ILTV-gD免疫试验鸡,间接ELISA测定血清中ILTV抗体效价,动物试验用构建的ILTV强毒以滴鼻方式攻击各组试验鸡,结果表明,外源基因在重组禽疽病毒中得到了稳定表达;ELISA检测结果表明在免疫7d后能够检测到血清抗体,免疫21d后血清抗体达到高峰,此后便开始逐渐下降,符合疫苗免疫的消长规律;攻毒后每组鸡的发病情况可以看出重组病毒rFPV-IL2-ILTV-gD组和疫苗对照组对ILTV强毒攻击的保护率分别为96％和92％,而空白对照组为8％。说明构建的重组病毒rFPV-IL2-ILTV—gD免疫效力稍优于弱毒疫苗,能够较好的保护免疫鸡群。     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒CH-1a株核衣壳蛋白重组鸡痘病毒的构建

从含有猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）核衣壳蛋白（N）的质粒扩增出N基因，构建禽痘病毒转移载体。该载体含有禽痘病毒早晚期启动子LP2EP2控制之下的PRRSVN基因、P11启动下的报告基因lacZ以及用于同源重组的禽痘病毒基因组的片段。在转移载体转染亲本病毒S—FPV-017感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）之后，采用蓝色表型筛选的方法，筛选到表达N基因的重组病毒，并对其进行了6轮蚀斑纯化。PCR方法鉴定证明重组病毒的基因组中含有完整PRRSVN基因，间接免疫荧光试验证明了PRRSVN蛋白在重组病毒感染的CEF细胞中获得表达，本研究为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征非复制型疫苗的研制打下了基础。     

Response of cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus to bovine leukosis virus

Six cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and seronegative, and two control, virus negative seropositive cattle were inoculated with lymphocytes infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV). The two controls produced a normal immune response to BLV, developing antibodies at four and five weeks after inoculation. Two of the six cattle persistently infected with BVDV developed a strong antibody response by six weeks after inoculation with BLV. Four developed a depressed response to BLV, characterised in three by a 'hooking' reaction in the immunodiffusion test which persisted in successive bleedings but was interspersed occasionally by a weak positive reaction. In one of these animals, a series of 'hooking' reactions was followed by a number of negative results. The fourth animal remained serologically negative until 16 weeks after inoculation when a 'hooking' reaction was observed followed by a series of negative results. BLV was isolated from all the cattle persistently infected with BVDV at 42 or 58 weeks after inoculation regardless of whether the serum samples gave negative, 'hooking', weak positive or positive reactions in the immunodiffusion test. BLV was consistently isolated from the nasal secretions of a steer which was BVDV negative but seropositive. The possibility of decreased immune responsiveness to BLV in animals persistently infected with BVDV should be considered when formulating regulations governing the testing of animals for freedom from BLV.     

Detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine

In February 1999, 12 Dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) could be isolated. All vaccine batches that were on the Dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for BVDV. In total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. Batch numbers TX3607, VB3914, VB3915, VB4046, TW3391, and TV3294 were positive for BVDV type 1, and batch number WG4622 was positive for BVDV type 2. This latter batch induced clinical signs of BVDV in an animal experiment with susceptible animals.     

Evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing Akabane virus,Aino virus and Chuzan virus against Schmallenberg virus infection

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an arthropod borne pathogen, spread rapidly throughout the majority of Europe since 2011. It can cause a febrile disease, milk drop, diarrhea, and fetal malformation in ruminants. SBV, a member of the Simbu serogroup within the genus Orthobunyavirus, is closely related to Akabane virus (AKAV) and Aino virus (AINOV) among others. In the present study, 4 Holstein-Friesian calves were immunized twice four weeks apart with a multivalent, inactivated vaccine against AKAV and AINOV. Another 4 calves were kept as unvaccinated controls. All animals were clinically, serologically and virologically examined before and after challenge infection with SBV. AKAV- and AINOV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected one week before challenge infection, while SBV-specific antibodies were detectable only thereafter. SBV genome was detected in all vaccinated animals and 3 out of 4 controls in serum samples taken after challenge infection. In conclusion, the investigated vaccine was not able to prevent an SBV-infection. Thus, vaccines for other related Simbu serogroup viruses can not substitute SBV-specific vaccines as an instrument for disease control.     

The control of bovine virus diarrhoea virus in Shetland

A scheme to control and eradicate bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) was initiated in 1994 in the Shetland Islands by local veterinary surgeons and funded by the Shetland Islands Council and Shetland Enterprise Company. Over a 3-year period every bovine animal on the islands was blood-sampled (heparinised) and laboratory tested using MAb-based ELISAs for BVD virus antibody and antigen detection for evidence of disease. A number of BVD virus positive animals (40) were found and culled. A total of 6150 animals were tested from 213 herds and 43% herds were found to be BVD naive. The remaining herds had experienced infection and contained many BVD antibody positive animals. Some repeat sampling of stock in infected herds determined further virus positive animals which were slaughtered and in 1997 the scheme ceased since it appeared that there were no persistent excretors present. The major risk to the Shetland Islands is from bought-in stock, especially animals which are imported in calf. It is vital that all bought-in animals are tested and proven to be free of BVD virus if these animals are in calf, the calves must be tested a birth to determine status. It is strongly advised that only bulls and bulling heifers or cows are bought into Shetland in future, thus, protecting the present stock. Continued surveillance will be required to claim eradication of BVD from Shetland.     

登革病毒及其所致疾病的研究概况

登革病毒所致疾病包括登革热、登革出血热及登革休克综合征，是全球分布最广、发病最多的一种虫媒传染病．近年发病呈上升趋势，严重威胁人类健康。文章概述了登革热病原学、流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、诊断进展、治疗、预防和控制等。     

Diagnosis of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections

Feline leukemia virus is an oncogenic retrovirus that can result in a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, including immunosuppression. Diagnosis of FeLV infection can be achieved by several methods, including virus isolation; IFA assay of a peripheral blood smear; and detection of a viral protein (called p27) by ELISA testing of whole blood, plasma, serum, saliva, or tears. Commercially available ELISA kits have revolutionized FeLV testing and have become very popular as "in-house" procedures. This article discusses the interpretation of ELISA results and compares them with IFA assay findings. Feline immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes immunosuppression, but not neoplasia, in cats. It originally was called feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus. Differentiating FIV infection from the immunosuppressive type of FeLV infection requires virus isolation or serology. The most rapid method for diagnosis of FIV infection is ELISA testing for antiviral antibody.