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为了解决以本动物效检乳牛衣原体病灭活疫苗成本高的问题,用11批乳牛衣原体病灭活疫苗做乳牛效力试验时同步做小鼠效力试验,除第3批次疫苗的本动物效检结果与小鼠效检结果略有差异外,其他批次疫苗的效检结果均一致。结果表明,用小鼠做牛衣原体灭活疫苗的效检动物模型是可行的。 相似文献
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禽衣原体病(avian chlamydiosis)主要由鹦鹉热衣原体(Chlamydophila psittaci)引起。鹦鹉热衣原体可感染禽类等多种动物,在禽类中广泛流行,也可感染人类,对公共卫生构成了威胁。禽衣原体病的早期诊断成为该病防控重要手段之一。病原学诊断是禽衣原体病诊断的金标准,但需要在生物安全级别较高的实验室操作,且耗时较长和操作繁琐,已不再是禽衣原体病实验室诊断的主流方法。目前,禽衣原体病的血清学检测主要是补体结合试验(CFT)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),其中ELISA方法在流行病学调查和大规模监测中起到了很重要的作用。分子生物学方法中以荧光PCR方法最为普及,成为了禽衣原体核酸检测的主流方法,与传统的病原学检测方法相比,其速度、通量、特异性、敏感性各方面都有提升,相较于免疫学诊断,避免了获得性免疫带来的假阳性结果,是未来禽衣原体病实验室诊断的主要发展趋势。本文从病原学、血清学和分子生物学方面对禽衣原体病的诊断方法进行论述,介绍各种诊断方法的研究进展和应用现状,并分析其优缺点,以期为禽衣原体病的诊断和防控措施的制定提供参考。 相似文献
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文心田 《中国预防兽医学报》1993,(2)
由各种衣原体感染引起的禽类、哺乳动物、节肢昆虫、其它动物和人的疾病,祢为衣原体病(Chlamydiosis)。本病在美洲、欧洲、亚洲、非洲和大洋洲广泛存在。我国于50年代后期对北京西郊一鸭场职工发生的肺炎进行了鹦鹉热血清学调查,发现14例阳性反应,这是我国对该病的最早报告。80年代初,从羊流产和猪繁殖障碍病料中分离出了鹦鹉热衣原体,才从病原学上确证了我国动物衣原体病的存在。 相似文献
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动物衣原体病及COST研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
邱昌庆 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2003,19(8):21-24
1 动物衣原体病 衣原体(Chlamydiae)广泛分布于世界各地,引起动物和人的多种疾病,特别是鹦鹉热嗜性衣原体[Chlamydophila(Cp)psittaci]和流产嗜性衣原体(Cp.abortus),可由动物传染给人,导致严重的人兽共患性疫病(zoonotic infections)。衣原体是专性细胞 相似文献
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衣原体病(Chlamydiosis)为鹦鹉衣原体(Chlamydia psittaci)引起的禽类、哺乳类、节足类及其他动物的疾病的统称。《鹦鹉热》由Mórange氏于1895首先倡用的。后来发现其他非鹦鹉科禽类(包括家禽和野禽)也能感染本病,Meyer氏(1941)遂提出《鸟疫》(Ornithósis)这个名词。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献