低芥酸杂交油菜渝杂18的选育

低芥酸杂交油菜渝杂18由西南农业大学采用化学杀雄方法育成，品比试验产量1950－2715kg/hm^2；重庆市区域试验平均产量1946kg/hm^2，比对照品种中油821增产2．21％，生产试验平均产量2139kg/hm^2；比对照中油821增产22．3％。渝杂18商品种子含油量39．97％，芥酸含量0．62％。1998年通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15系采用品种（系）间的双方方法育成，种子含油量42.43%，芥酸含量0.38%，硫甙含量19.01μmol/g。上海市油菜区域试验平均产量2147.3kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产31．3％，上海市油菜生产试验平均产量2700.0kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产12.6%。沪油15适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。     

高产双低杂交没菜淮杂油1号的选育

淮杂油1号系江苏淮阴农科所选育的甘蓝型双低油菜杂交种，在江苏省油菜区域试验，生产试验，多年多点示范种植中均表现出生长优势强，产量高，品质优，抗（耐）菌核病，熟期适中等特性，江苏省区试平均产量3157．75kg/hm^2，比对照宁杂1号增产4．50％，生产试验平均产量2843．40kg/hm^2，比对照宁杂1号增产10．79％，2001年通过江苏省农作物品种审定员会审定。     

双低甘蓝型油菜新品种苏油1号的选育

双低甘蓝型油菜新品种苏油1号种子含油率41．37％,芥酸含量0．30％,硫甙含量27．4μmol／g,,苏州市油菜区域试验平均产量2814．15kg／hm^2,比对照荣选和汇油50分别增产10．87％与13．63％。江苏省油菜区域试验平均产量2418．15kg／hm^2,比对照荣选和秦油2号分别增产19．40％与10．62％。江苏省油菜生产试验平均产量2383．20kg／hm^2,比对照荣选增产7．24％。全国油菜区域试验平均产量2008．95kg／hm^2,比对照中油821增产7．84％。苏油1号适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。     

特早熟甘蓝型双低油菜杂交种青杂3号的选育

青杂3号(原代号为E144)是青海省春油菜研究开发中心培育的甘蓝型双低油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种.在国家春油菜区域试验早熟组中平均产量为2 340.1㎏/hm2,比对照白菜型油菜品种青油241增产39.3%;在国家春油菜生产试验中平均产量为2 407.5kg/hm2,比对照青油241增产45.1%.在青海省区域试验中平均产量为2 790.2kg/hm2,比对照青油241增产47.6%;在青海省生产试验中平均产量为2 989.1㎏/hm2,比对照青油241增产50.2%.青杂3号种子含油量44.27%,芥酸含量0.50%,硫甙含量29.40μmol/g.全生育期110d左右.     

高产双低杂交油菜新品种中油杂2号的选育

中油杂2号是中国农业科学院油料作物研究所利用陕2A不育系等材料，经测交，诱变和杂交转育选育的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种，具有丰产性突出，稳产性好，品质优良，抗（耐）病性强，适应性广等特征。湖北省区试平均2926.43kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产19．73％，全国（长江中游）区试平均产量2318.18kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产13．94％。种子芥酸含量0．90％，商品籽硫甙量20.70μmol/fg。2000年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定，2001年通过全国农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

双低三系杂交油菜蜀杂9号选育研究

蜀杂9号为四川大学生命科学学院育成的甘蓝型油菜细胞雄性不育三系中熟杂交种,参加四川省区试产量为1917．0－2256．0kg/hm^2,比对照种中油821增产33．82％,生产示范最高产量2541．0kg/hm^2。品质优良,芥酸含量0．02％,硫甙（含吲哚硫代葡萄糖甙）含量23．03μmol/g,含油量（干基）41．47％,2001年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

甘蓝型双低杂交油菜新品种苏优3号的选育

苏优3号为甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育（CMS）杂交新品种，不育系为宁A3（MI CMS)，恢复系为3075R。苏优3号综合性状好，抗（耐）病性强，成熟期早，品质优良，在1996－1998年度江苏省油菜新品种区域试验中，平均产量2553．30kg/hm^2,比对照秦油2号增产16．81％，在1999－2001年度国家油菜品种区域试验中，平均产量2686．80kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产11．6％，苏优3号芥酸含量0．42％，硫甙含量25．87umol/g，种子含油率43．46％。     

抗寒、抗病优质油菜杂交种豫油5号的选育

豫油5号是河南省农科院棉花油料作物研究所育成的高产优质油菜三系杂交种,具有优质、高产、抗寒、抗病等特点。不育系的不育率稳定在98％以上,恢复系恢复力强,配合力高。河南省油菜区试平均产量2508.0kg/hm^2,比优质对照种豫油2号增产22.1%,达极显著水平,比非优质杂交种秦油2号增产5.1%。全国（黄淮区）区试平均产量2702.2kg/hm^2,最后产量4053.4kg/hm^2。高抗病毒病,抗（耐）菌核病,抗寒性强。品质优良,芥酸含量0.14%,硫甙含量24.90μmol/g,含油量43.01%。1998年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

大豆新品种垦农18号的选育及栽培要点

“垦农18号”大豆为中早熟品种，茎秆强壮，抗倒伏能力强，百粒重18—20g，蛋白质含量35．32％，脂肪含量23．17%，为高油优质大豆。异地鉴定试验，平均产量3116．6kg／hm^2，比对照增产12．5％。全省区域试验，平均产量2425．3kg/hm^2，比对照增产9.9％。全省生产试验，平均产量2528．6kg／hm^2，比对照增产12．0％。该品种适宜在黑龙江省第三、第四积温带种植。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究,并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带,其中有37条多态带,多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果,在遗传距离为0.35时,12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类,第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体;第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体;第3类为浙江、广东种源个体;第4类为江西、福建种源个体;第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。