国产促卵泡素(FSH)对供体牛超排效果的分析

通过对6头荷斯坦青年母牛用国产FSH 4d逐日递减注射法进行超排处理,非手术采卵.共收集桑椹胚(M)、紧缩桑椹胚(CM)、囊胚(BL)、扩张囊胚(EXB)各胚龄的胚胎49枚,可用胚38枚,其中A级M 1枚、CM 23枚、BL 1枚、EXB 9枚;B级M 1枚、BL 3枚、可用率达77.5%,平均可用胚6.3枚/头.这说明,在严格把握技术环节的情况下,国产FSH超排效果显著.     

常规精液与性控精液的超数排卵效果比较

采用常规精液输精和性控精液输精对580头15～18月龄荷斯坦母牛(其中常规组521头,性控组59头)进行了超排试验。超排后,采用常规精液输精供体母牛521头,共回收卵5311枚,平均每头10.19枚,其中可用胚胎2804枚,平均可用胚胎5.38枚,可用率52.28%,未受精卵697枚,未受精卵率13.12%,退化胚胎1725枚,退化胚率32.48%。采用性控精液输精供体母牛59头,共回收卵600枚,平均每头10.16枚,其中可用胚胎250枚,平均可用胚胎4.24枚,可用率41.67%,未受精卵170枚,未受精卵率28.33%,退化胚胎169枚,退化胚率28.17%。结果表明,性控精液组的未受精率大大高于常规精液组,而可用胚胎数和可用率明显低于常规精液组。其主要原因是性控精子在分离过程中受到不同程度的损伤,使精子的存活时间缩短,从而增加了未受精率和降低了可用胚胎率。     

常规精液与性控精液生产胚胎的效果比较

分别采用常规精液和性控精液输精,对580头15～18月龄荷斯坦母牛(其中常规组521头,性控组59头)进行了超排效果试验。超排后,521头采用常规精液输精供体母牛,共回收卵5311枚,头均10.19枚,其中可用胚胎2804枚,平均可用胚胎5.38枚,可用率52.28%,未受精卵697枚,未受精卵率13.12%,退化胚胎1725枚,退化胚率32.48%。59头采用性控精液输精供体母牛,共回收卵600枚,平均每头10.16枚,其中可用胚胎250枚,平均可用胚胎4.24枚,可用率41.67%,未受精卵170枚,未受精卵率28.33%,退化胚胎169枚,退化胚率28.17%。结果表明,性控组的未受精率大大高于常规精液组,而有效胚胎数和比例明显低于常规精液组。其主要原因是性控精子在分离过程中,受到不同程度的损伤,使精子的存活时间缩短,从而增加了未受精率和降低了有效胚胎率。     

奶牛胚胎远距离运输移植黄牛技术研究

超数排卵处理黑白花奶牛１１头，有效８头，超排有效率７２．７％，获总卵数４０枚，头均获卵５枚（４／８），可用胚２６枚，头均可用胚３．３枚（２６／８），胚胎可用率６５％。移植受体牛２３头，妊娠１０头，移植成功率４３．５％（２３／１０）。     

和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验研究效果初报

[目的]研究和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植效果。[方法]利用纯种和牛母牛作为供体,荷斯坦母牛及西杂母牛作为受体,通过供体牛的超数排卵、人工授精、采胚、胚胎冷冻及受体牛的同期发情和鲜胚移植,快速获得纯种和牛及和牛胚胎。[结果]对4头青年纯种和牛母牛进行超排,重复冲卵13头次,共采卵数122枚,其中75枚可用胚胎,可用胚率为61.5%,平均5.76枚/头次。对75头荷斯坦牛及西杂母牛同期发情,结果获得89.2%的同期发情率。67头受体牛移植了鲜胚,2个月后妊娠检查有35头怀孕,移植妊娠率为52.23%。[结论]可以利用超数排卵及胚胎移植增加和牛母牛利用效率。     

荷斯坦牛重复超排的试验研究

本研究以高产荷斯坦牛为研究对象、用不同的FSH剂量、以30 d为间隔连续超排3次,旨在优化荷斯坦牛连续超排方案。结果表明,在400 mg组中,三次头均可用胚数(5．50±0．87枚／头、4．88±0．61枚／头、4．13±0.69枚／头)之间差异不显著(P>0．05);当增加梯度为10 mg时各次间的头均可用胚数(6．30±1．15枚／头、5．90±1．17枚／头、5．20±0.84枚／头)差异不显著(P>0．05);当增加梯度为20 mg时各次间的头均可用胚数(5．83±0．70枚／头、5．43±1．27枚／头、5．17±0．79枚／头)差异亦不显著(P>0．05)。通过对三组的结果整体比较得出,获卵平均数(7．92±0．56枚／头、7．96±0．65枚／头、7．47±0．59枚／头)和头均可用胚胎数(4．83±0．42枚／头、5．80±0．59枚／头、5．47±0．55枚／头)都随着超排剂量的增加先升高后降低,三组之间获卵平均数、头均可用胚数方面差异都不显著(P>0．05)。整体比较,FSH以400 mg为基础量,以10 mg为增加梯度进行连续超排可以取得满意的效果。     

西门塔尔与荷斯坦母牛胚胎生产及移植效果的分析

本试验对10头西门塔尔母牛与17头中国荷斯坦母牛进行超排处理。试验结果表明,处理后,分别采集76枚和148枚胚胎,可用胚分别为61枚和112枚,可用胚率分别达到80.20%和75.70%,西门塔尔牛可用胚率高于中国荷斯坦牛(P0.05);西门塔尔与中国荷斯坦母牛胚胎移植后的受胎率分别达到41.86%和52.75%,两者之间差异显著(P0.05)。     

荷斯坦母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验初报

应用FSH对3头荷斯坦母牛进行超数排卵处理，在母牛发情后第7天，2头共冲出11枚卵子，其中受精卵2枚（1枚桑椹胚，另1枚退化）。将回收的胚胎移植给1头受体牛，2个月后直检怀孕。     

皮埃蒙特牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验

用国产激素ＦＳＨ、氯前列烯醇对皮埃蒙特纯种肉牛进行二批次共４头超数排卵，回收胚胎２０枚，平均每头采卵５枚，平均每头采可用胚３．７５枚，超排有效率７５％，用南阳母牛作受体牛，共移植鲜胚１０枚，鲜胚移植受胎率５０％。     

应用X精子冷冻精液生产体内性控胚胎的试验

采用CIDR FSH PG法对206头优秀荷斯坦供体母牛进行超数排卵,其中实验组73头超排后用X性控冷冻精液输精(每头3支),获可用胚310枚,头均可用胚4.25枚;对照组133头,采用常规冷冻精液输精(每头3支),获得可用胚787枚,头均可用胚5.92枚,差异不显著。结果表明,用已分离的X精子冷冻精液对超排母牛进行人工授精生产体内性控胚胎是可行的。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.