不同比例小麦日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响

<正>小麦是一种品质较好的能量饲料原料,小麦作为饲料的优点是其蛋白质和赖氨酸含量比玉米高30%~50%,与家畜生长发育密切相关的烟酸含量是玉米的2倍多,Ca、P、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸的含量也比玉米高,但代谢能是玉米的90%左右(NRC,1994),叶黄素、生物素的含量比较低。利用氨基酸平衡原理,用小麦替代部分玉米和豆饼饲喂家禽,可减少蛋白质饲料的用量,     

新型饲料作物—WS_3紫小麦

美国农业专家培育成功一种新型饲料作物—ＷＳ３ 紫小麦 ,已被广泛用作牲畜饲料。这种紫小麦含有丰富的赖氨酸和蛋白质 ,其赖氨酸含量比玉米的含量高３５ % ,其蛋白质含量比玉米的含量高１倍 ,它的营养价值相当或高于玉米拌大豆的混合饲料的营养价值 ,加上牲畜爱吃 ,价格便宜（其价格与玉米差不多）因此牧场主乐于购买新型饲料作物—WS_3紫小麦@胡万通     

饲料用WS3号紫小麦被广泛应用

美国农业专家培育成功一种新型的饲料作物———WS3号紫小麦 ,已被广泛用作牲畜饲料。这种紫小麦含有丰富的赖氨酸和蛋白质 ,其赖氨酸含量比玉米的含量高35 % ,其蛋白质含量比玉米的含量高1倍。它的营养价值相当或高于玉米拌大豆的混合饲料的营养价值 ,加上牲畜爱吃 ,价格便宜 (其价格与玉米差不多 ) ,因此牧场主乐于购买饲料用WS3号紫小麦被广泛应用@苏严     

小麦代替玉米对仔猪增重的影响

在仔猪日粮中其能量饲料主要为玉米，而青海省不是玉米主产区，其主要农作物是小麦。小麦比玉米的蛋白质和赖氨酸含量高30％以上，可利用磷的含量比玉米高，色氨酸含量约为玉米的3倍，矿物质以及维生素含量与玉米几乎没有差别，但消化能含量低于玉米。用小麦代替玉米时，可降低饲料的成本，提高经济效益，缓解能量饲料短缺的压力。由于小麦中非淀粉多糖含量高，     

猪饲料的几种常用原料

<正>1玉米具有很好的适口性和消化率,含消化能最高,粗纤维含量低,蛋白质含量也低,特别缺乏核氨酸和色氨酸。因此,用玉米喂猪时,必须与豆饼(粕)等合理搭配,才能获得好的饲喂效果。2大麦和小麦大麦含粗蛋白质12%左右,赖氨酸和色氨酸含量比玉米高,所以蛋白质品质好,大麦适口性好,适于饲喂各种生理阶段的猪,特别适于喂肉猪。小麦的蛋白质含量和品质高于玉米,脂肪和粗纤维含量都比玉米低。小麦饲用价值与玉米大致相     

次粉型妊娠母猪日粮的应用实践

长期以来,在中国养猪生产中应用最广泛的能量饲料是玉米.仔猪、生长肥育猪以及成年母猪常规日粮中玉米含量最高.次粉作为加工面粉的副产品也早被应用在各类生猪日粮中,但用量一般比玉米低很多.从饲料营养水平来看,玉米的能量含量比次粉高,而蛋白含量比次粉低.尽管次粉在猪日粮中应用不如玉米普遍,但在小麦主产区和加工区应用次粉在经济上或许更具优势.     

次粉型妊娠母猪日粮的应用实践

长期以来,在中国养猪生产中应用最广泛的能量饲料是玉米.仔猪、生长肥育猪以及成年母猪常规日粮中玉米含量最高.次粉作为加工面粉的副产品也早被应用在各类生猪日粮中,但用量一般比玉米低很多.从饲料营养水平来看,玉米的能量含量比次粉高,而蛋白含量比次粉低.尽管次粉在猪日粮中应用不如玉米普遍,但在小麦主产区和加工区应用次粉在经济上或许更具优势.     

美国加强高油脂含量玉米的应用和研究

据《国际饲料》1989年8月报道,美国Pfister 玉米杂交公司、Dupont 公司和伊利诺斯州立大学最近达成一项协议,研究在动物饲料中应用和销售高油脂含量玉米。高油脂含量玉米的油脂含量比普通玉米高50—150%,蛋白含量高30—50%。     

饲料配方中玉米替代物的应用机理与使用方法

1 玉米与小麦的比较 小麦与玉米的主要成分见表1。 从下表可以看出,小麦的粗脂肪（EE）含量比玉米低,加上非淀粉多糖的副作用,致使小麦的有效能值稍低。但小麦的粗蛋白质、赖氨酸含量较高,而苏氨酸含量与玉米相当。用小麦代替部分玉米时,饲料中豆粕、鱼粉等的用量可以降低一些。小麦的亚油酸含量也低,是玉米亚油酸含量（2％）的40％左右,一般对猪禽来讲,日粮中用50％的玉米即可满足     

麦类酶制剂在畜禽日粮中的应用

目前我国很多地方广泛采用和推广的是玉米-豆粕型畜禽日粮配方,故而对玉米的需求量特别大,但我国饲料用玉米远远满足不了需要.麦类和玉米同属于禾本科籽实类,其代谢能是玉米的90%左右,蛋白质和氨基酸含量比玉米高30%～50%,与畜禽生长发育密切相关的烟酸含量是玉米的2倍多,而且有时候市场价格比玉米低.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.