甘肃高山细毛羊舍饲养殖试验观察

对传统放牧条件下的甘肃高山细毛羊开展季节性舍饲喂养,结果表明:舍饲组成、幼年母羊和当年羔羊体重比放牧组分别增加12.86、12.47和5.27kg;羊毛长度除当年羔羊两组间基本相等外,舍饲组成、幼年母羊比放牧组分别长1.08cm和1.06cm;舍饲组仔畜成活率、繁殖成活率和成畜保活率分别达到100%、94.90%和100%,比放牧组分别提高5.32、16.83和3.6百分点;舍饲组公母羔羊平均初生重为4.06kg±0.67kg,比放牧组提高26.88%;两组绵羊期末体高、管围变化不大,舍饲组胸围、体斜长比放牧组增长幅度明显;舍饲组各年龄段羊毛产量分别达到5.24、4.61和3.77kg,比放牧组分别提高57.83%、52.15%和39.11%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

河西绒山羊舍饲料养殖试验

对传统放牧条件下的河西绒山羊采取季节性舍饲喂养,结果表明试验组山羊成、幼年羯、母山羊体重比对照组增加3.40,1.48,2.04和1.43 kg.试验组仔畜成活率、繁殖成活率、成畜保活率分别达到98.6%、96%、99.5%,比对照组分别提高5.3,12.0,1.5个百分点.试验组各年龄段山羊绒产量分别达到493.51,453.62,333.23和343.16 g,比对照组分别提高37.82%、39.39%、6.51%、18.73%,差异极显著(P＜0.01).     

放牧与舍饲对松辽黑猪肉品质及营养成分的影响

为研究放牧与舍饲对松辽黑猪肉品质及营养成分的影响,选择25 kg左右、去势、驱虫、健康发育良好的松辽黑猪60头,随机分为2组,每组30头,试验组放牧饲养,对照组舍饲饲养。试验猪体重达到100 kg左右结束饲养试验,每组随机选取5头进行屠宰。结果表明,大理石纹评分、熟肉率、肌内脂肪含量放牧组比舍饲组分别显著提高8.25%、5.48个百分点、0.84个百分点,失水率、滴水损失、剪切力放牧组比舍饲组分别极显著降低11.65个百分点、2.83个百分点、25.96%。谷氨酸、甘氨酸含量以及氨基酸总量放牧组比舍饲组分别显著提高15.07%、9.80%、8.83%。不饱和脂肪酸含量放牧组高于舍饲组,但差异不显著。结果表明,放牧组能提高猪肉品质、风味以及对人体有益的不饱和脂肪酸含量。     

环县绒山羊羔羊冬季舍饲育肥效果

为了提高环县绒山羊冬季饲养效果,把6月龄的子午岭黑山羊羔羊和辽宁绒山羊(♂)×子午岭黑山羊(♀)杂种一代羔羊(简称F1代羔羊)作为试验对象,以环县农民群众传统采用的饲养模式——放牧加少量补饲(简称"放牧+补饲")作为对照,采用全舍饲方式对两个试验群体进行60d的育肥试验,综合测定绒山羊羔羊的生长结果、屠宰性能和肉品质指标,计算经济效益。结果表明,在两个试验群体内,全舍饲组的育肥末重、育肥期增重、平均日增重、胴体重和屠宰率均极显著高于"放牧+补饲"组(P0.01)。子午岭黑山羊羔羊全舍饲组的平均日增重、胴体重和屠宰率分别是102.5g、10.75kg和47.66%,分别较"放牧+补饲"组提高了87.2g、3.46kg和12.54%。F1代羔羊全舍饲组的平均日增重、胴体重和屠宰率分别是117.2g、11.71kg和49.62%,分别较"放牧+补饲"组提高了96.7g、4.16kg和13.83%。全舍饲组的失水率和嫩度显著低于"放牧+补饲"组(P0.05),其它肉品质指标在全舍饲和"放牧+补饲"组间无显著差异(P0.05)。子午岭黑山羊羔羊和F1代羔羊全舍饲组的纯收入较"放牧+补饲"组同类型羔羊分别提高了110.2和75元。因此,较传统饲养模式,全舍饲育肥能够明显增加环县绒山羊羔羊冬季生长效果和产肉性能,改善部分肉品质,显著提高养殖效益。     

不同饲养模式对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊羔羊育肥增重及屠宰性能的影响

试验主要研究了不同饲养模式对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊羔羊育肥增重及屠宰性能的影响。从内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场的4月龄断奶羔羊中选择日龄为(130±10)d的母羔和去势公羔(羯羔)各30只作为放牧补饲组,从淘汰群中选择与放牧补饲组日龄相近的母羔和去势公羔(羯羊)各30只作为舍饲组进行舍饲育肥,共120只,分为4组,每组30只。采用2×2完全随机试验设计,第一因素为饲养模式,设放牧补饲和舍饲育肥两种,其中,放牧补饲的羔羊按照原厂方式,每天在天然草场上放牧并每只补饲玉米(风干基础)300 g,舍饲育肥的羔羊,按照试验设计饲喂全混合日粮;第二因素为性别,分为母羔与羯羔,育肥期3个月。育肥结束时,采用单因子完全随机试验设计,分别从舍饲育肥和放牧补饲的羯羔组中每组选择接近平均体重的6只羯羔屠宰,研究不同饲养方式对羯羔屠宰性能的影响。结果表明,与放牧补饲相比,舍饲模式的育肥体重和增重显著增加,育肥期内舍饲组的日增重较放牧补饲组提高69%,饲料转化效率是放牧补饲组的2倍。屠宰试验结果表明,舍饲模式的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率显著提高,分别较放牧补饲组增加64.60%、27.56%、37.39%。因此,阿尔巴斯白绒山羊羔羊进行短期舍饲育肥与放牧补饲相比,对增重性能、饲料转化效率和屠宰性能的促进效果明显,可显著提高产肉量。     

舍饲与放牧育肥对绒山羊成年母羊育肥和屠宰性能的影响

试验主要研究了放牧育肥与舍饲育肥两种饲养模式对绒山羊育肥性能、营养物质表观消化率及屠宰性能的影响。从内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场淘汰母羊中选择平均体重为(40.38±0.84)kg的5岁阿尔巴斯白绒山羊60只随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组进行放牧育肥,试验组进行舍饲育肥,饲喂全混合日粮。育肥期为60 d。在育肥试验开始20 d和试验结束时,分别从试验组和对照组中选择6只羊进行消化试验,采用内源指示剂法测定营养物质的消化率。在育肥试验结束时,分别从对照组和试验组中随机选取6只羊进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能指标。结果表明,与放牧育肥相比,舍饲育肥可显著增加绒山羊成年母羊的全期日增重、干物质采食量(DMI)与饲料转化效率(P<0.05),分别较放牧育肥组增加了1.02%、137.50%与107.58%;显著增加母羊对日粮总能(GE)、消化能(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)等营养物质表观消化率(P<0.05);但显著降低了中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的消化率(P<0.05)。舍饲育肥组的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率和眼肌面积均显著高于放牧育肥组(P<0.05),分别较放牧育肥组提高了55.57%、25.89%、67.97%、35.64%和46.18%。舍饲育肥母羊的内脏总重、胃重、肠总重与皮重显著高于放牧育肥组(P<0.05),但所占体重的比例均显著低于放牧育肥母羊(P<0.05)。按照代谢体重表示,舍饲育肥母羊的营养物质进食量DE为1.18~1.25 MJ/(W0.75·kg)、CP为12.37~16.29 g/(W0.75·kg)、Ca为0.43~0.63 g/(W0.75·kg)、P为0.17~0.25 g/(W0.75·kg)时,绒山羊成年母羊具有较好的育肥性能与屠宰性能,经济效益显著。     

羔羊培育方法在云岭黑山羊中的应用研究

通过羔羊3种培育方法的应用研究，其结果放牧补饲组实行羔羊随母放牧，休牧时母仔分隔自由采食羔羊饲料，比舍饲组、放牧组在羔羊的日增重、羔羊的成活率、羔羊特一级羊等级分别提高33.72%、60.28%，15、10个百分点，18.82、26.67个百分点;补饲饲料的增重效率放牧补饲组为最高，达到0.74，比舍饲组的1.36每增重1 kg少耗料0.62 kg，减少83.78%;只均获毛利720元，比舍饲组、放牧组分别提高7.22%、22.26%.泌乳期羔羊实行母仔分隔补饲，有利于羔羊集中精力采食固体饲料，避免恋奶.该方法值得推广。     

不同饲养方式对辽宁绒山羊母羊生产性能的影响

为研究不同饲养方式对辽宁绒山羊母羊生产性能的影响,对比分析采用不同饲养方式的辽宁绒山羊母羊的生产数据,结果表明：舍饲状态下,辽宁绒山羊的产绒量比放牧高9.2%,含绒率提高7.5%,绒长度提高23.1%,绒细度增粗3.7%,剪绒后体重及配种前体重分别提高13.4%和14.9%,繁殖率提高4.1%,羔羊成活率提高3%,说明随着饲养管理技术的进步,采用舍饲方式饲养对辽宁绒山羊绒细度以外的各项生产指标均有较大幅度提升,今后推广舍饲工作中应注意绒细度的控制。     

放牧和舍饲对辽宁绒山羊生产性能的影响

随着草原资源日渐匮乏,放牧饲养绒山羊已成为绒山羊养殖业发展的限制因素;改变以往的放牧饲养绒山羊的方式,舍饲绒山羊是发展绒山羊的一条途径.为此,在辽宁省盖州市辽宁绒山羊原产地,以辽宁绒山羊成年羊为试验动物,研究了在放牧和舍饲2种饲养方式下对绒山羊的饲粮组成、营养摄取状况、绒的产量、净绒率、绒长、绒细度的影响.研究表明,在放牧与舍饲条件下饲养辽宁绒山羊,所采食的饲料种类有很大差异,放牧采食的饲料种类多而营养丰富;舍饲条件下饲料种类较单一.在舍饲条件下,辽宁绒山羊绒细度有变粗的趋势,绒长、产绒量有增加的趋势.     

河西绒山羊舍饲养殖试验

对传统放牧条件下的河西绒山羊采取季节性舍饲喂养，结果表明：试验组山羊成、幼年羯、母山羊体重比对照组增加3．40，1．48，2．04和1．43kg。试验组仔畜成活率、繁殖成活率、成畜保活率分别达到98．6％、96％、99．5％，比对照组分别提高5．3，12．0．1．5个百分点。试验组各年龄段山羊绒产量分别达到493．51，．453．62，333．23和343．16g，比对照组分别提高37．82％、39．39％、6。51％、18．73％，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.