木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液生化指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响

试验旨在研究小鼠急性汞中毒后血液、肝脏及肾脏的中毒表现及木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响。将28只小鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组(腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水)、木犀草素组(灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)、氯化汞组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞)和氯化汞+木犀草素组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞,灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,肌酐(CREA)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,血液白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)水平及肝脏组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,并观察肝脏、肾脏组织形态学改变。结果显示,与对照组相比,氯化汞组的血清ALT、AST活性极显著升高(P < 0.01),血清CREA、BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著增加(P < 0.05),血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH水平均显著降低(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化明显。与氯化汞组相比,氯化汞+木犀草素组的血清ALT、AST活性,CREA和BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著降低(P < 0.05);血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH含量均显著升高(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化减轻。小鼠急性汞中毒后,其中毒表现为炎症和贫血的发生及肝脏、肾脏不同程度的损伤,木犀草素可减弱急性汞中毒小鼠血液、肝脏和肾脏的毒性作用。     

柴胡多糖通过抑制氧化应激和炎症反应减轻铅诱导小鼠肝肾损伤的研究

本研究旨在探讨柴胡多糖对铅诱导小鼠肝肾损伤的影响。选取150只SPF级雄性健康昆明小鼠,适应性饲养2周后,随机分成5组,分别为对照组,铅处理组,铅处理+柴胡多糖低、中、高剂量组（100、200和400 mg·kg^-1）。铅染毒模型建立：小鼠每天饮铅水（醋酸铅0.5%）,连续4周,建模结束后,试验组（铅处理+柴胡多糖组）每隔1 d灌胃柴胡多糖1次,连续2周,对小鼠血液及组织中铅含量及体质量进行测定,对抗氧化酶活性、脂质过氧化水平及炎症因子进行检测和分析,并从分子水平分析氧化损伤和炎症反应相关因子mRNA相对表达量。结果表明,与铅处理组相比,柴胡多糖可抑制铅中毒小鼠体重的下降和肝、肾脏器系数的升高,添加柴胡多糖使小鼠血液及组织中铅浓度略降低,但效果不显著（P>0.05）;与铅处理组相比,柴胡多糖可使染铅小鼠肝、肾组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及过氧化物酶（CAT）活性显著提高（P<0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）含量降低;柴胡多糖可显著降低铅诱导小鼠血清和肝组织中丙氨酸转移酶（ALT）和谷草转移酶（AST）活力的升高,使小鼠血清血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）水平降低,肝、肾组织肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性显著下降（P<0.05）;柴胡多糖能显著提高Nrf2信号通路的表达,使其HO-1、Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT mRNA水平上升,降低Keap1 mRNA水平,此外,柴胡多糖能明显降低铅诱导小鼠肝、肾炎症因子NF-κB、IL-1β及TNF-α mRNA水平上升（P<0.05）。综上表明,低、中、高剂量柴胡多糖可以减轻铅诱导小鼠引起的脂质过氧化和炎症反应,对小鼠肝和肾损伤均具有保护作用,其中柴胡多糖高剂量组对小鼠肝肾组织损伤保护作用最显著。     

生地黄与马兜铃配伍缓解马兜铃毒性的研究

试验旨在探究生地黄与马兜铃配伍对鸡肝脏和肾脏的影响，为中药配伍解毒提供现代理论依据。将80只雄性雏鸡随机分为10组，分别为对照组，马兜铃高、中、低剂量组，生地黄高、中、低剂量组，马兜铃与生地黄配伍高、中、低剂量组。各组中药经过煎煮、过滤、离心去除杂质，制成煎液。每日灌服给药，连续28 d。采用试剂盒检测谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）肝脏和肾脏功能指标；利用试剂盒检测总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和丙二醛（MDA）。采集肝脏和肾脏并制备切片观察组织病理学变化。结果显示，与单用马兜铃组相比，马兜铃与生地黄配伍后机体的AST、ALT、Cr和BUN含量显著降低（P<0.05），马兜铃与生地黄配伍后能明显提高机体的T-AOC、SOD和GSH-Px含量；单用马兜铃能引起机体氧化损伤，导致MDA含量显著升高，生地黄与马兜铃配伍后能显著降低MDA含量（P<0.05），减缓马兜铃对机体的氧化损伤；病理结果表明，生地黄与马兜铃配伍后能显著降低马兜铃煎煮液对肝脏和肾脏造成的病理性损伤。综上，与单用马兜铃相比，马兜铃与生地黄配伍联用对鸡肝脏和肾脏造成的损伤有缓解作用，可提高马兜铃的用药安全。     

白藜芦醇对玉米赤霉烯酮致小鼠肝脏氧化损伤及炎症的保护作用

为探究白藜芦醇（RSV）对玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）中毒小鼠肝脏损伤是否具有保护作用,试验将40只清洁级雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组：对照组（生理盐水）、ZEA组（40 mg/kg）、不同浓度的RSV （50、100或200 mg/kg）与ZEA （40 mg/kg）共处理组,每组8只,各组均灌胃给药,试验期12 d。试验结束后采集小鼠肝脏样品,计算肝脏系数,采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色和免疫组织化学染色法观察各组肝脏病理变化;检测肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达;比色法检测肝脏组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性,ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和IL-1β含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,ZEA组小鼠肝组织发生明显病理学变化;与ZEA组相比,不同浓度RSV与ZEA共处理组小鼠肝脏组织病理学变化都有所减轻。免疫组织化学结果显示,与对照组相比,ZEA组肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达增多;与ZEA组相比,不同浓度的RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达均有下降。与对照组相比,ZEA组肝脏系数和肝脏组织MDA含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,肝脏组织SOD和CAT活性显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,血清中AST、ALT和LDH活性,IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β含量均极显著升高（P<0.01）。与ZEA组相比,不同浓度RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏组织CAT活性显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,血清中AST、ALT和LDH活性及IL-6和IL-1β含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;50 mg/kg RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏组织SOD活性和血清中TNF-α含量分别显著升高（P<0.05）和极显著降低（P<0.01）;100和200 mg/kg RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏系数和肝脏组织MDA含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）。结果表明,ZEA对小鼠肝脏有严重的氧化及炎症损伤作用,RSV对ZEA中毒的肝损伤具有一定保护作用,尤其以100 mg/kg RSV保护效果最佳。     

Diagnosis and Therapy on Renal Failure Caused by Canine Leptospira

To determine the pathogen and related symptoms caused by renal failure,and to provide a reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan,a case of disease on Welsh Corgi dog was tested by the method of symptoms,blood routine examination,blood biochemical test,blood gas analysis and identification of pathogen.The results showed that these data of W-SCR,W-MID,MID and RDW-CV rose than normal reference index in blood routine examination before the hospitalization,respectively.Meanwhile,data of W-LCR,PCV,MCV,MCH and RDW-SD had reduced separately.These data of Ca²⁺,GLU,BUN,PHOS,AMYL and CRE were up than normal reference index in blood biochemical test,respectively.These data of GLU,BUN and K⁺ had risen respectively,nevertheless,these data of Na⁺,Cl^- and PCO₂ had lowered separately.The result was positive by the antigen testing with the Leptospira detector plate.After treatment with synthetical therapy,WBC and SCR had risen than normal references index,and data of RBC,HGB and PLT were down respectively.By the Hotelling T² analysis of the difference between before and after the therapy on blood routine index,it was significant difference in the multivariate test (F=1 905 045.32,P=0.001).These data of WBC,W-LCR,SCR,MID,HGB,PCV,MCV and RDW-SD were extremely significant differences in single variable analysis (P<0.01),and other data with significant differences were W-MID,RBC,MCH and PDW(P<0.05).But,in blood biochemical test,most of data were in normal reference values.The mental state of sick dog was recovering gradually normal than before.Multivariate test was no significant difference by the Hotelling T² analysis (F=85.21,P=0.081),but other data of GLU,BUN,PHOS,AMYL and CRE were extremely significantly different in single variable analysis (P<0.01).These data of GLU,BUN and K⁺ were up than after therapy in blood gas analysis,and data of Na⁺,Cl^- and PCO₂ reduced respectively.There were extremely significant differences in the multivariate test (F=7 978.48,P=0.008).These data with extremely significant differences were GLU and BUN in single variable analysis(P<0.01).The sick dog was recovering normal after treatment,and mental state went back to normal after 7 days therapy using the drugs of diuretics,antibiotics,rehydration electrolyte,energy medicine,vitamins and CoA.It should be noted that the part of high index of reexamination was a normal manifestation when the body was recovering to normal functioning.The method of synthetical fluid therapy was provided the correctness to treat the renal failure caused by canine Leptospira.     

钩端螺旋体引起犬肾功能衰竭的诊断与治疗

为判定肾功能衰竭病原及引起的相关症状，并提供合理的诊治方案，本研究对一例柯基病犬进行表征、血常规、血液生化、血气及病原进行检测。结果显示，与正常参考值相比，病犬前期血常规检测中淋巴细胞比例（W-SCR）、中间细胞比例（W-MID）、中间细胞（MID）及红细胞分布宽度（RDW-CV）升高；粒细胞比例（W-LCR）、红细胞压积（PCV）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、血红蛋白含量（MCH）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW-SD）明显降低。与正常参考值相比，生化指标中钙离子（Ca²⁺）、血糖（GLU）、尿素氮（BUN）、血磷（PHOS）、胰淀粉酶（AMYL）及肌酐（CRE）明显升高。血气指标中GLU、BUN、钾离子（K⁺）均比参考值高；钠离子（Na⁺）、氯离子（Cl^-）、二氧化碳分压（PCO₂）比参考值降低。犬钩端螺旋体抗原检测板检测结果为阳性。治疗后血常规中白细胞总数（WBC）、淋巴细胞（SCR）比正常参考值明显升高；红细胞总数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）及血小板总数（PLT）则比参考值降低。经Hotelling T²对治疗前后各指标进行多变量分析，结果F=1 905 045.32，P=0.001，差异极显著；单变量检测指标中WBC、W-LCR、SCR、MID、HGB、PCV、MCV、RDW-SD差异极显著（P<0.01），W-MID、RBC、MCH及血小板分布宽度（PDW）差异显著（P<0.05）。治疗后生化检测指标中，与正常参考值相比，多数指标在正常值范围内。治疗后期病犬精神好转，经Hotelling T²与治疗前差异性分析，多变量F=85.21，P=0.081，差异不显著；单变量检验指标GLU、BUN、PHOS、AMYL及CRE差异极显著（P<0.01）。治疗后期血气指标中GLU、BUN、K⁺均比参考值高；Na⁺、Cl^-及PCO₂比参考值低，对治疗前后血气指标进行Hotelling T²差异性分析，多变量检验结果F=7 978.48，P=0.008，差异极显著；单变量检验结果中，GLU和BUN差异极显著（P<0.01）。治疗方案中，采用利尿、抗生素药物，附加补充电解质、能量、维生素及CoA等综合输液治疗，7 d后，病犬精神好转，机体机能基本恢复正常，转归期部分指标的升高属于机体机能恢复健康的一种正常体现。说明治疗方案正确，综合体液疗法是治疗该病引起肾功能衰竭有效的方法。     

披针叶黄华生物碱的毒性试验研究

通过披针叶黄华碱对小鼠毒性试验的研究,复制出喹喏里西啶类生物碱中毒病理学模型。结果表明,小鼠一次性灌服总碱200mg/kg时,即出现急性中毒死亡,由此大致推断其LD50≤200mg/kg;对慢性中毒小鼠的血液生化检查中发现,披针叶黄华碱可使小鼠体内血红蛋白、红细胞、白细胞数量升高,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)含量升高,尿素氮(BUN)浓度下降;对慢性中毒小鼠的临床病理学检查中发现,以心、肝、肺、肾实质器官的细胞变性坏死为主,尤其是以肝脏、肾脏的损伤较为严重,也说明披针叶黄华碱毒性作用的靶器官可能是肝脏和肾脏。     

连翘提取物对对乙酰氨基酚诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

试验旨在探究连翘提取物（FSE）预防性干预对对乙酰氨基酚（acetaminophen,APAP）诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其潜在作用机制。采用半仿生-生物酶法提取连翘有效成分,使用APAP构建小鼠肝损伤模型。随机将60只雌性昆明小鼠分入正常对照（NC）组、APAP肝损伤模型（LD）组、连翘提取物（FSE）对照组、连翘提取物高剂量（HFSE＋LD）组、连翘提取物中剂量（MFSE＋LD）组和连翘提取物低剂量（LFSE＋LD）组,每组10只。HFSE＋LD组、MFSE＋LD组、LFSE＋LD组分别按每天200、100、50 μg/g灌胃给予连翘提取物,NC组和LD组分别灌胃等量生理盐水,每天2次,连续给药6 d。预防性给药3 d后,腹腔注射APAP,每天1次。末次给药12 h后,试验小鼠眼球采血并快速取出肝脏,检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性,以评价肝损伤程度;检测肝脏匀浆液中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）水平,以评价肝脏氧化应激程度;制作肝脏病理切片,经苏木精伊红（HE）染色后观察肝脏病理变化;采用探针药物法测定肝脏线粒体细胞色素P4502E1（CYP2E1）活性;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测肝脏线粒体CYP2E1 mRNA表达水平;采用Western blotting法检测肝脏CYP2E1蛋白表达情况。结果表明：与NC组相比,LD组小鼠血清中ALT、AST活性均显著增加（P<0.05）;肝脏SOD活性、GSH含量均显著降低（P<0.05）,MDA、H₂O₂含量,CYP2E1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,成功构建小鼠肝损伤模型。200、100和50 μg/g的连翘提取物可显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性（P<0.05）,显著提高肝脏中SOD活性（P<0.05）;200、100 μg/g连翘提取物可显著提高肝脏中GSH水平（P<0.05）,显著降低肝脏中MDA、H₂O₂水平及CYP2E1的mRNA和蛋白表达量（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,连翘提取物可减轻APAP诱导的小鼠肝损伤程度且呈剂量依赖性,其潜在作用机制可能与所含活性物质的抗氧化作用以及对CYP2E1酶活性和表达的抑制有关。     

辣蓼黄酮提取物的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性研究

【目的】 明确辣蓼黄酮提取物的毒理作用,评价其安全性。【方法】 在急性毒性试验预试验中,选取20只健康SPF级昆明系小鼠,随机分为6组,对照组(0 g/kg BW)和辣蓼黄酮提取物1~5组(灌胃给予辣蓼黄酮提取物20、10、5、2.5和1.25 g/kg BW),连续观察7 d,记录小鼠中毒和死亡情况。在急性毒性试验的最大给药量试验中,对20只小鼠分3次在24 h内按照30 g/kg BW灌胃给药,观察其生理状态,中毒情况及有无死亡情况,于试验第8天剖检观察其脏器有无异常情况。在亚慢性毒性试验中,取80只健康SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为4组,对照组(0 g/kg BW)和辣蓼黄酮高、中、低剂量组(分别灌胃给予辣蓼黄酮提取物20、10和5 g/kg BW),每组20只大鼠(雌、雄各半),喂养30 d,记录其体重、摄食量和饮水量。停药第7天,采血进行血常规和血液生化指标检查,计算其脏器指数,并进行组织病理学检查。【结果】 急性毒性试验各剂量组小鼠均未出现死亡情况,无法得出辣蓼黄酮提取物的半数致死量(LD₅₀),小鼠对辣蓼黄酮提取物的最大耐受量为30 g/kg BW,说明辣蓼黄酮提取物安全无急性毒性。亚慢性毒性试验中,各给药组大鼠体重、饮水量、采食量及脏器系数与对照组虽有差异,但在正常范围内。给药30 d血常规指标中,与对照组相比,高剂量组大鼠白细胞及淋巴细胞显著下降(P<0.05),中性粒细胞显著上升(P<0.05);中剂量组大鼠白细胞显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01);其余各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。血液生化指标中,与对照组相比,高剂量组大鼠甘油三酯(TG)水平显著上升(P<0.05),尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平显著下降(P<0.05);中剂量组大鼠BUN水平显著下降(P<0.05),CREA水平显著上升(P<0.05),低剂量组大鼠谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、TG水平显著上升(P<0.05),BUN水平显著下降(P<0.05),其余各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。剖检和病理学检查未见明显异常变化,说明辣蓼黄酮提取物安全无亚慢性毒性。【结论】 5 g/kg BW及以下的辣蓼黄酮提取物无毒副作用,安全性好。     

硫化氢对顺铂致犬肾脏氧化损伤及炎症的缓解作用

【目的】 探究硫化氢（H₂S）对顺铂诱导的犬急性肾损伤（AKI）的影响。【方法】 将18只健康成年比格犬随机分为对照组（C）、顺铂组（cis）和硫化氢+顺铂组（H+cis）,每组6只。对照组犬经头静脉注射生理盐水,cis组犬经头静脉注射5 mg/kg顺铂,H+cis组犬在注射顺铂前30 min经头静脉注射1 mg/kg NaHS溶液,每隔24 h注射1次,一共3次。注射顺铂72 h后对犬进行麻醉,静脉采血用于检测血清肌酐（Scr）和尿素氮（BUN）,HE染色观察各组肾脏病理变化,生化试剂盒检测犬肾脏中谷胱甘肽（GSH）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和一氧化氮（NO）含量,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting法检测犬肾脏中白介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、核因子-κB （NF-κB）、环氧合酶2（COX2）、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）、IL-6、IL-4的相对表达量。【结果】 cis组Scr和BUN水平极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,H+cis组Scr和Bun水平极显著低于cis组（P<0.01）。病理检测结果显示,cis组犬肾脏组织发生明显病理学变化,而H+cis组犬肾脏组织病理变化有所减轻。生化检测结果表明,与C组相比,cis组肾脏中GSH含量极显著下降（P<0.01）,H₂O₂和NO含量极显著增加（P<0.01）;与cis组相比,H+cis组犬肾脏中GSH含量极显著上升（P<0.01）,而H₂O₂和NO含量极显著下降（P<0.01）。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测结果表明,与C组相比,cis组促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、NF-κB和COX2的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量均显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,而抗炎因子IL-4和IL-10的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量均极显著下降（P<0.01）;与cis组相比,H+cis组犬肾脏中抗炎因子IL-4和IL-10的mRNA及蛋白表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）,而促炎因子IL-β、IL-6、TNF-α、NF-κB和COX2的mRNA及蛋白相对表达量均极显著下降（P<0.01）。【结论】 H₂S通过提高肾脏抗氧化能力,抑制炎症因子表达来改善顺铂诱导的犬AKI。     

莱菔硫烷对镉中毒雄性小鼠生殖机能保护作用的研究

本试验旨在研究莱菔硫烷(SFN)对染镉雄性小鼠生殖机能的保护作用.选择健康的清洁级雄性昆明系小鼠40只,随机分成4组,分别为对照组(H₂O)、镉组(2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂)、莱菔硫烷组(10 mg/kg SFN)、镉+莱菔硫烷组(10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),连续给药10 d,于最后一次给药2 d后脱颈处死,检测小鼠睾丸组织病理学变化、小鼠睾丸及附睾的脏器系数、精液品质及血清睾酮浓度.同时检测睾丸组织内丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性的变化.结果表明,与对照组相比,镉组小鼠的睾丸组织发生病理学损伤,睾丸及附睾的脏器系数、精液品质及血清睾酮浓度均极显著降低(P<0.01),睾丸组织T-SOD活性、GSH含量也极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著提高(P<0.01);莱菔硫烷组T-SOD活性和GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05).与镉组相比,镉+莱菔硫烷组小鼠的精子活率、精子总数极显著增加(P<0.01),睾丸与附睾的脏器系数显著增加(P<0.05),小鼠睾丸组织GSH含量、T-SOD活性极显著提高(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01).以上结果指出莱菔硫烷对镉中毒雄性小鼠的生殖机能具有保护作用.     

Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

中药复方对大肠杆菌感染雏鸭的防治效果研究

本研究对由地锦草、石榴皮等组成的中药复方对大肠杆菌感染雏鸭的临床治疗效果进行了研究，旨在为临床大肠杆菌感染提供新的治疗手段。试验选取50只健康1日龄雏鸭，随机分为5组，每组10只。试验组分别为空白对照组、模型组、阿莫西林组、中药复方高剂量组（DS_H）和低剂量组（DS_L）。给药组在3日龄开始给药，连续给药至试验结束，共10 d。除空白对照组外，在雏鸭6日龄时用大肠杆菌腹腔注射进行攻毒，0.5 mL/只。比较各试验组雏鸭的病死率；对病死鸭和各组存活鸭进行解剖，观察肝脏和小肠的病理剖检及HE染色切片；检测血常规及血清生化各项指标，评价中药复方对感染大肠杆菌雏鸭的治疗效果。结果显示，DS_H、DS_L和阿莫西林均能够有效降低感染雏鸭的死亡率；与模型组相比，阿莫西林和DS_H、DS_L组均可减少肝脏、小肠等器官的损伤。与空白对照组相比，模型组的谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）显著升高（P<0.05），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和尿素（UREA）极显著升高（P<0.01），且模型组和给药组血液中白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血小板（PLT）等指标变化显著（P<0.05）。与模型组相比，给药组ALP显著或极显著降低（P<0.05；P<0.01），血液中WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT等指标极显著升高（P<0.01），说明给药组机体损伤程度低于模型组。以上结果表明，中药复方可以减轻因大肠杆菌所引起的机体损伤，且作用效果与阿莫西林相近。     

Study on the Prevention and Control Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound on E.coli Infected Ducklings

In this study,the clinical therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal compound composed of Euphorbia humifusa Willd.and Punica granatum L.on ducklings infected with Escherichia coli (E.coli) was studied in order to provide a new therapeutic method for clinical treatment of E.coli.Fifty healthy one-day-old ducklings were selected and randomly divided into five groups,ten ducklings in each group.The experimental groups were blank control group,model group,amoxicillin group,Chinese medicine compound high-dose group(DS_H) and low-dose group(DS_L).The administration group started administration at 3 days of age,continued administration for 3 days,and continued administration until the end of the experiment,10 days total.Except for control group,when the ducklings were 6 days old,E. coli was intraperitoneally injected for challenge,0.5 mL/head.The mortality of the experimental groups was compared.The dead ducks and the surviving ducks were dissected,the pathological section of liver and small intestine and HE staining sections were observed.The blood routine indexes and serum biochemical analysis were detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound on E.coli infected ducklings.The results showed that the high and low doses of the traditional Chinese medicine compound and the amoxicillin could effectively reduce the mortality of infected ducklings.Compared with model group,amoxicillin and traditional Chinese medicine high and low dose groups could reduce liver,small intestine and other organs damage.Compared with control group,aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in model group increased significantly (P<0.05),and alkaline phosphatase (ALP),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),UREA also showed extremely significant upward trend (P<0.01),and the WBC,RBC,HGB,PLT and other indicators changed extremely significantly(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)value was significantly or extremely decreased in the administration group(P<0.05;P<0.01),and the blood WBC,RBC,HGB and PLT indexes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The results indicated that the degree of body damage in the administration group was lower than that in the model group.     

地菍总黄酮的急性毒性及降糖活性研究

本研究旨在探讨地菍总黄酮的急性毒性及对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖活性。试验以单次最大给药剂量（5.6 mg/g体重）和最大给药体积（40 μL/g体重）的地菍总黄酮混悬液对正常小鼠进行灌胃。24 h内给药2次后连续观察14 d,记录小鼠的存活情况及一般状态,给药14 d后采集小鼠血清并检测谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性及肌酐（Cre）、尿素氮（BUN）含量,计算小鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏的质量系数。采用一次性腹腔注射0.160 mg/g体重链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立糖尿病小鼠模型,验证地菍总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠的保护作用。试验设空白组、模型组、二甲双胍组（0.6 mg/g体重）、地菍总黄酮高剂量、中剂量及低剂量组（1.2、0.8、0.53 mg/g体重）,连续给药21 d后,测定各组小鼠空腹血糖（FBG）、体重、采食量、饮水量及24 h尿蛋白含量。地菍总黄酮急性毒性试验结果显示,地菍总黄酮灌胃给药的日最大给药量为11.2 mg/g体重;给药后14 d,与正常组相比,给药组小鼠体重、各脏器质量系数、血清中AST、ALT活性及Cre、BUN含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。在验证地菍总黄酮降血糖活性试验中,与模型组相比,地菍总黄酮给药组小鼠FBG、饮水量、采食量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）。上述结果证实地菍总黄酮安全性高,未引起试验小鼠明显的急性毒性反应,并可有效降低糖尿病小鼠血糖含量,缓解小鼠糖尿病症状。     

罗汉果总皂苷对高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素致2型糖尿病大鼠的作用

试验旨在研究罗汉果总皂苷改善高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素致2型糖尿病大鼠的作用,以高糖高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功大鼠灌胃给予罗汉果总皂苷（100、200、400 mg/kg）或二甲双胍（268 mg/kg）,每天1次,连续给药4周后,记录"三多一少"指标（24 h内尿量、饮水量和采食量,体重）;检测生化指标,分析空腹血糖值（FBG）、血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、胰岛素（INS）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）水平,采用苏木素-伊红染色法（HE）观察胰腺的病理学改变。与模型组比较,罗汉果总皂苷各剂量组及二甲双胍组均可显著或极显著降低采食量、饮水量、尿量,血液指标FBG、INS、MDA、TC、TG、BUN和Cr水平、以及AST和ALT活性（P<0.05;P<0.01）,而CAT、SOD活性和HDL-C水平显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;胰腺组织中,胰腺细胞数目明显增多,胰腺病理性损伤明显减轻。罗汉果总皂苷及二甲双胍均具有明显改善糖代谢紊乱的作用,同时可明显减轻胰岛素抵抗,增强机体抗氧化应激的能力和改善肝肾功能。     

Effects of Momordica grosvenori Saponins on Type 2 Diabetes Rats Induced by High-sucrose/High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of Momordica grosvenori saponins on improving the effect of high-sucrose/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in rats.The type 2 diabetes rat model was established with a high-sucrose and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin.Successfully modeled rats were given the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori (100,200,400 mg/kg) or metformin (268 mg/kg) by gavage,once a day for 4 weeks.Recording the "three more and one less"index (24 h internal urine output,water intake and feed intake,body weight);Detecting of biochemical indicators,analysis of fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),insulin (INS),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),alanine aminotransferase (AST),aspartate aminotransferase (ALT),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels.Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to observe the pathological changes of the pancreas.Compared with the model group,the feed intake,water intake,urine output,blood indicators FBG,INS,MDA,TC,TG,BUN and Cr levels,AST and ALT activities were significantly or extremely significantly decreased in the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori each dose group and metformin group (P<0.05;P<0.01),while CAT,SOD activities and HDL-C level were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).In pancreatic tissue,the number of pancreatic cells was increased significantly,and the pathological damage of the pancreas was significantly reduced. Momordica grosvenori saponins and metformin had obvious effects on improving glucose metabolism disorders,and at the same time could significantly reduce insulin resistance,enhance the body’s ability to resist oxidative stress and improve liver and kidney functions.     

原花青素对玉米赤霉烯酮致小鼠肝脏、肾脏氧化损伤的保护作用

试验旨在研究原花青素(PC)是否对玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)中毒的小鼠肝脏及肾脏具有保护作用.选取40只日龄为8~9周、体重约为45 g的健康清洁级雄性昆明系小鼠,随机分为4组,对照组灌喂生理盐水,PC组灌喂100 mg/kg PC,ZEA组灌喂40 mg/kg ZEA,PC＋ZEA组灌喂100 mg/kg PC+40 mg/kg ZEA,眼球采血,颈椎处死后采取肝脏样本.测定肝脏组织中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量及血清中尿酸(UA)、尿素氮(BUN)含量.结果显示,与对照组相比,PC组各项指标差异均不显著(P>0.05),提示肝脏及肾脏没有明显的氧化损伤;与对照组相比,ZEA组的小鼠组织中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶及丙二醛含量显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),超氧化物歧化酶含量极显著降低(P<0.01),血清中尿酸、尿素氮含量极显著升高(P<0.01),提示肝脏及肾脏有严重的氧化损伤;PC+ZEA组的小鼠各项指标(除超氧化物歧化酶外)均显著或极显著低于ZEA组(P<0.05;P<0.01),提示其肝脏及肾脏氧化损伤程度低于ZEA组,PC对ZEA中毒小鼠的肝脏及肾脏氧化损伤有一定的保护作用.     

Protective Effects of Proanthocyanidins on the Liver and Kidney Oxidative Damage Induced by Zearalenone in Mice

The experiment was conducted to study whether the proanthocyanidin (PC) had the protective effects on the liver and kidney oxidative damage induced by zearalenone in mice.40 8 to 9 week-old healthy clean grade Kunming mice with the 45 g body weight were chosen and randomly divided into four groups: control group was given normal saline,PC group was given 100 mg/kg PC,ZEA group was given 40 mg/kg ZEA and PC＋ZEA group was fed 100 mg/kg PC＋40 mg/kg ZEA.Liver and blood sampls were taken after cervical vertebra to death.AST、ALT、MDA、SOD were measured to determine the degree of liver damage and antioxidant capacity,and UA and BUN were used to determine the kidney damage.The results showed that: Compared with the control group,the indexes of PC group were not significant changed (P>0.05),indicating that there was no obvious oxidative damage in the liver and kidney.Compared with control group,ALT,MDA and AST content were significantly or extremely significant increased in ZEA group (P<0.05;P<0.01),SOD content was extremely significant decreased (P<0.01),UA and BUN were extremely significant increased in serum (P<0.01),indicating that the liver and kidney of ZEA group had a serious oxidative damage.The indexes of the PC＋ZEA group (except SOD)were significantly or extremely significant lower than ZEA group (P<0.05;P<0.01),indicating that the oxidative damage of the liver and kidney in PC＋ZEA group was lower than that in the ZEA group.In conclusion,the liver and kidney oxidative damage of mice induced by ZEA was eased to some extent by PC.     

H2S暴露对保育猪氧化还原状态及硫化氢代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究硫化氢（H₂S）暴露对保育猪氧化还原状态及内源性H₂S代谢的影响。试验选取12头体况健康、体重相近（（11.61±1.51） kg）的35日龄大白猪,随机分为2组并分配到2个环控舱内,公母各半,每组6头猪。试验组环控舱内H₂S浓度控制为30 mg·m^-3,对照组环控舱内H₂S浓度控制为0 mg·m^-3,试验期28 d。试验结束后采集血清和肝组织样品,检测氧化还原和H₂S代谢相关指标。结果显示,与对照组相比：1）血清中ROS含量极显著增加（P<0.01）,MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）;抗氧化酶T-SOD活性显著降低（P<0.05）,CAT和GPX活性极显著降低（P<0.01）;非酶抗氧化物GSH和GSSG含量无显著变化（P>0.05）。2）肝中T-SOD和GPX活性极显著升高（P<0.01）,·OH清除能力显著提高（P<0.05）;ROS、H₂O₂、PC、MDA、GSH、GSSG含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）肝中Keap1的mRNA表达量显著下调（P<0.05）,Nrf2的mRNA表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;抗氧化相关基因（SOD2、GPX1、GPX2、GPX4和GSR）的mRNA表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。4）血清和肝中H₂S含量显著降低（P<0.05）;肝内源H₂S合成酶CSE和CBS的mRNA表达量显著下调（P<0.05）,3-MST的mRNA表达量无显著变化（P>0.05）;肝H₂S分解代谢酶SQR和SUOX的mRNA表达量下调,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明,30 mg·m^-3 H₂S暴露导致保育猪血清抗氧化系统受损,而肝中Nrf2/Keap1信号通路的激活使肝免受氧化损伤;此外,H₂S暴露抑制了保育猪内源性H₂S的合成代谢。