鸡端脑向小脑投射的起始核

将40%辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）水溶液注入鸡小脑的Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ叶，逆行追踪其端脑向小脑投射的起始核。结果发现，端脑的海马列、隔核、带核、旁嗅叶出现多量标记细胞；副高纹状体、嗅结节和古纹状体出现少量标记细胞。将CB-HRP引入古纹状体，于小脑皮层的分子层内出现顺行标记物，颗粒层内也有稀疏的顺行标记物出现。结果表明，鸡端脑-小脑投射的起源较为丰富而广泛，上世纪初提出的纹-小脑束可能起始于古纹状和带核。     

北京鸭小脑的解剖

本文用肉眼观察10例北京鸭小脑。6例小脑连续切片,Nissl染色,光镜下观察小脑核。25例在北京鸭小脑皮层及小脑内、外侧核内注HRP,10例在脊髓注入HRP,追踪脑干和小脑的标记细胞。明确小脑皮层及核的脑干传入神经元及小脑向脊髓投射的神经元。北京鸭小脑较小,占全脑长的40％。仅蚓部发达,没有小脑半球,而有一对小脑耳。小脑的分叶与鸡的相似。首裂前有舌,中央小叶,山顶三个部分;首裂与锥前裂间有山坡、蚓小叶与蚓结节;锥前裂后方有蚓锥,蚓垂和小结。蚓锥与蚓垂不十分后凸。用HRP追踪实验,在小脑皮层、蚓结节及蚓锥部注HRP,在桥核,F橄榄,螺旋内侧核,内侧网状核,中缝核等出现标记细胞。小脑耳部注HRP则在左右前庭核,被盖背侧核,F橄榄及内侧纵束核出现标记细胞。用HRP注入小脑内侧核在前庭各核,桥核,双侧螺旋内侧核,外侧网状核及F橄榄,Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ内侧1/3蒲金野氏细胞出现标记。在外侧核注HRP则在前庭各核,双侧螺旋内侧核,桥核,双侧蓝斑,F橄榄及三叉神经脊束核,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ叶小脑外侧部皮层出现标记。在颈中段脊髓注入HRP,在小脑皮层蒲金野氏细胞及小脑内侧核出现标记。本文讨论了视觉与小脑联系的结构,明确桥核在禽类是视顶盖传向小脑的中继站。小脑耳不仅有前庭的传入,还有视觉的通路。明确北京鸭小脑的皮层     

鸡海马结构传入纤维的端脑起始核DiI法研究

研究鸡海马结构传入纤维在端脑内的起始核。采用DiI逆行追踪法,将DiI注入鸡端脑海马结构,逆行追踪投射到海马结构的起始核。结果在端脑的副高纹状体、内侧隔核、古纹状体、带核和后背外侧区出现标记神经元。初步表明端脑内的上述核团是向海马结构投射的起始核。     

鸡桥核向小脑的直接投射——HRP法研究

３０％ＨＲＰ水溶液注入鸡小脑的Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ叶内，逆行追踪鸡桥核向小脑的投射。结果表明：鸡具有内、外两对桥核、各核均可投向小脑Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ叶，说明鸡虽无明显的脑桥延髓界线，但确实存在脑桥部。与桥核同时出现的标记核团有蓝斑核、前庭上核、三叉神经脊束核极间亚核、网状结构等。     

北京鸭小脑脊髓束的起源、终止和细胞构筑——HRP法研究

采用HRP逆行追踪法,研究了北京鸭小脑脊髓束的起源、细胞构筑及终止范围。分别在脊髓的颈部、胸部和腰部注射30%～50%HRP,灌注固定,冰冻连续切片。BDHC法显色,中性红复染。在颈前部脊髓注射HRP后,对侧小脑内侧核中出现了大量的标记细胞,对侧小脑皮质的蒲金野细胞层中也发现了一些标记细胞。当沿脊髓向后注射HRP,则标记细胞依次明显减少,而蒲金野细胞层中未见到标记细胞。在C9以后的各部注入HRP,小脑各核与蒲金野细胞层中都不再出现标记细胞。结果表明,北京鸭小脑核可划分为内侧核、中间核和外侧核,小脑脊髓束主要起始于小脑对侧深部的内侧核,其下行投射范围只能抵达脊髓的颈中部;小脑皮质的少量蒲金野细胞也可直接发出投射纤维到颈段脊髓。     

鸡上纹状体的纤维联系——HRP法研究

将HRP溶液注入鸡上纹状体,追踪投射至上纹状体的纤维来源,在丘脑背外侧前核、背外侧后核,丘脑背内侧前核、背内侧后核,中脑深核外侧部和腹侧部及顶盖背核出现标记细胞。外侧前脑束和隔中脑束出现标记纤维。结果表示.上述核团有纤维投射到上纹状体,且投射均限于同侧。     

鸡端脑向旁嗅叶投射的起始核——DiI顺逆行追踪研究

为观察鸡旁嗅叶(LPO)的传入神经纤维联系,采用DiI示踪法追踪投射到LPO的起始核。首先将50 g/L DiI乙醇溶液注射到鸡端脑的LPO,进行逆行追踪,寻找投射到LPO的起始核,初步判断投射至LPO的端脑内起始核为副高纹状体(HA)和古纹状体(AS)后,再将DiI颗粒植入离体固定脑的这两个核团,进行顺行追踪。逆行追踪的结果发现,在HA和AS有神经元被标记。顺行追踪结果发现在LPO有终末出现。结果表明端脑内的两个核团HA和AS,直接投射到LPO。     

鸡海马结构传入纤维的脑干及小脑起始核—HRP逆行示踪法

研究鸡海马结构的传入纤维在脑干及小脑内的起始核。将40%辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)水溶液注入鸡左端脑海马结构,逆行追踪投射到海马结构的纤维在脑干和小脑内的起始核。结果在脑干的浅小细胞核(SPC)、圆下核(SRt)、蔡氏区(AVT)和小脑的第Ⅰ~Ⅹ叶浦肯野细胞层内均出现被标记的神经元。初步表明上述部位为端脑海马结构的起始核。     

北京鸭下行投射到脊髓的神经元在脑内的分布——用HRP逆行追踪法研究

用HRP法,逆行追踪了54例北京鸭下行投射到脊髓的神经纤维的起始部位。用乌拉坦麻醉,分别在脊髓的C_7、颈膨大或腰膨大部注射30～50％HRP,灌流固定,取脑做冰冻连续切片。蓝色反应显色,中性红复染,镜检。实验结果,各脑区出现的标记细胞主要位于同侧,对侧较少。而红核内的标记细胞绝大多数分布于对侧,同侧极少。在其它部位,同侧前庭外侧核中,标记细胞较多,双侧的前庭内侧核和对侧的前庭降核中标记细胞极少。对侧小脑内侧核中有较多的标记细胞,对侧小脑皮质的蒲金野细胞层也有少量标记细胞。脑桥和延髓的外侧网状核、巨细胞网状核及延髓中央核均有标记细胞。中缝核有大量标记细胞。另外,下丘脑室旁核及其腹侧和腹外侧的内细胞层和外细胞层,也有标记。在迷走背核、疑核、孤束核、蓝斑及蓝斑下核都有直接到脊髓的投射。在大脑各部和中脑顶盖内未见到标记细胞。本文结合哺乳类和某些禽类的资料与北京鸭的下行传导通路的起源进行了比较。结果表明:北京鸭具有与哺乳类相似的红核脊髓束、前庭脊髓束、网状脊髓束、小脑脊髓束、中缝脊髓束及孤束核脊髓束,而没有大脑皮质脊髓束和顶盖脊髓束。本文中的发现,迷走背核、疑核和小脑皮质向脊髓的直接投射,尚未见过报道。     

雌激素受体α在雌性大鼠脑中的表达

本试验利用免疫组织化学SP法,研究了雌激素受体α在大鼠脑中的表达.结果表明,ER_α免疫反应产物主要定位于神经元细胞核,部分区域出现阳性神经元和阳性突起,在海马CA1、CA2辐射层、齿状回、下托的分子层等出现阳性星形胶质细胞;ER_α在脑中表达广泛,免疫反应产物在端脑的隔外侧核、海马锥体细胞层、大脑皮质等,间脑的缰内侧核、下丘脑室旁核、弓状核、视上核等,中脑的动眼神经核,脑桥的脑桥核外侧部等为高密度;在端脑的尾壳核、杏仁中央核、海马CA4区,间脑的下丘脑室周核、缰外侧核等,中脑的黑质致密带,脑桥的脑桥被盖核等为较高密度;在问脑的视前室周核、丘脑后核、中脑的红核、脑桥的脑桥被盖网状核等为中等密度;在端脑的苍白球,间脑的无名质,无免疫反应产物出现.结果显示,雌激素在调节脑的认知和生殖内分泌过程中,ER_α可能起主要作用;雌激素可通过ER_α调节星形胶质细胞功能.     

Karyovolumetric studies on possible central-nervous-system action sites of the positive estrogen feedback]

In adult, progesterone-pretreated female rats, the medial preoptic and ventral premamillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the medial amygdaloid nucleus of the limbic system exhibit a significant karyovolumetrically measurable activation of their neurons after the subcutaneous administration of an ovulation-inducing dose of oestradiol benzoate. The finding suggests that these nuclear regions are sites of action of the positive oestrogen feedback and are involved in the induction of ovulation. The infundibular and lateral septal nuclei, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis were also investigated karyovoumetrically but failed to reveal, at the time of testing, any quantifiable morphokinesis that might have been attributable to the administration of the hormone.     

妊娠期奶山羊下丘脑GnRH和OT免疫反应双标记细胞的分布

为了探讨促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）和催产素（OT）是否在下丘脑细胞中共存,采用免疫组织化学双标记法对妊娠期奶山羊下丘脑中GnRH与OT的分布进行了检测。结果显示：室旁核、视上核、视前交叉上核、弓状核、下丘脑外侧区、乳头体内侧核、乳头体后核等核团（区）有GnRH和OT免疫反应双标记细胞,在妊娠的不同时期,GnRH和OT免疫反应双标记细胞数量有显著差异。这些结果为GnRH与OT相互调节提供了形态学证据。     

神经肽Y免疫反应神经元在鸽小脑中的定位--SABC 法研究

采用石蜡切片和免疫组化SABC法（链霉亲合素-生物素-过氧化物酶连结法），对10只肉鸽小脑内神经肽Y免疫反应神经元的分布状况进行了研究．并与北京鸭、鸟鸡、肉鸡及大鼠的相关结果进行了比较。在光镜下观察分析了阳性神经元的分布状况．并用图像分析软件进行了半定量分析。结果显示：（1）小脑内神经肽Y（neuropeptide Y，NPY）阳性神经元主要存在于小脑皮质的蒲肯野氏细胞层，且以小叶顶端的蒲肯野氏细胞阳性明显；（2）小脑白质中央核可见到少量阳性神经元．不同于鸟鸡、肉鸡及大鼠；（3）分子层、颗粒层未见阳性反应细胞。表明：鸽小脑NPY阳性神经元的分布在皮质中与鸡、大鼠大体相似；在白质中与鸡、大鼠有差异。     

Relationship between the limbic system and gonadal function. 3. Quantifiable prepuberal morphokinesis of the basolateral amygdaloid body and the ventral hippocampus formation]

In juvenile female rats the neurons of the limbic system which are attached to the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and to a circumscribed area of ventral hippocampal formation are characterised by markedly quantifiable morphokinesis between the 21st day of age and onset of the first oestrus. This morphokinesis will take the form of consecutively occurring highly significant volume alterations of the cell nuclei which, in turn, reflect variation in neuronal activity. Some of such variation represents a expression of the general maturation and differentiation of central nervous neurons. The time of occurrence of such variation as well as its peculiar nature also appear to suggest the existence of some special relationship to sexual maturation. This seems to support the conclusion that the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and the ventral hippocampal formation are attached to the extrahypothalamic central nervous structures of the cerebro-hypophyseal-gonadal axis, in addition to the medial and cortical amygdaloid nuclei. However, the very nature of relationships that may exist between the two investigated components of the limbic system, on the one hand, and sexual maturation as well as gonadal function, on the other, cannot be derived from the results reported in this paper.     

Vascularisation of the cerebellar nuclei in Akkaraman sheep

This study reports an anatomical study of the vascular supply in 20 Akkaraman sheep cerebelli from adult subjects of both sexes. The origin and branching pattern of the cerebellar artery vascularising the cerebellar nuclei were studied by gross dissection and vascular injection. Then dissection was performed and vessels nourishing the cerebellar nuclei were documented. Four bilaterally symmetrical cerebellar nuclei were determined as nucleus lateralis cerebelli, nucleus interpositus lateralis cerebelli, and nucleus interpositus medialis cerebelli and nucleus fastigii from lateral to medial side. It has been previously confirmed that vascularisation of the cerebellar nuclei is carried out by intermediary branches of the rostral cerebellar artery and the caudal cerebellar artery. However, this study has confirmed that the caudal cerebellar artery has no contribution in the vascularisation of the cerebellar nuclei.     

鸡小脑突触素的表达与发育研究

应用免疫组织化学SP法，研究了突触素在15、20胚龄、10日龄鸡小脑中的表达。结果表明：突触素免疫反应产物以颗粒、小点、阳性神经元和阳性纤维形式出现；突触素免疫反应产物密度在15、20胚龄、10日龄有3种变化趋势：①分子层、颗粒层、中间核、外侧上核、外侧下核中随胚(日)龄增加保持不变；②蒲肯野氏层随胚(日)龄增加先升高后降低；③小脑内侧核则随胚(日)龄增加逐渐升高。结果揭示：突触素最终合成部位可能在高尔基复合体；20胚龄左右是蒲肯野氏层突触形成的高峰期；小脑各部突触在出壳前后发育具有不均衡性。     

Pax-7 immunoreactivity in the post-natal chicken central nervous system

In this immunocytochemical study on the constitutive expression of Pax-7 protein in the postnatal chicken brain, Pax-7 showed region and cell type specific expression. In the optic tectum, only cells in grey matter showed positive immunoreactivities (IRs), whereas those in the white matters did not show any IRs. In thalamic nuclei and several pontine nuclei, we also localized Pax-7 positive IRs. On the contrary, in the cerebellum, Pax-7 was mainly localized within the Bergmann glia, whereas Purkinje cells did not show any IRs. In double immunolabelling studies, most of the Pax-7 IRs did not originate from neuroglial cells such as oligodendrocytes, microglia or astrocytes, but from neurons, with the exception of Bergmann glia in the cerebellum. The presence of Pax-7 IRs in the adult chicken brain could suggest that Pax-7 might play a role in maintaining normal physiological function in some postnatal chicken brain cells.