Study on the Signal Transduction Pathway of Plant Defense to Pathogens

植物对外来病原体侵害的免疫应答进化出相关的防御机制。形成复杂的抗病信号转导途径。针对不同类型的病原体植物通过水杨酸SA、茉莉酸,乙烯JA／ET及油菜素类脂BR等介导进行免疫应答,从而表现出对病原菌一定程度的抗性水平。笔者对上述3种抗病信号转导途径的研究进行介绍,以期为植物抗病信号转导的研究提供有益的启发。     

植物病原防卫信号转导途径的研究（英文）

植物对外来病原体侵害的免疫应答进化出相关的防御机制,形成复杂的抗病信号转导途径,针对不同类型的病原体植物通过水杨酸SA、茉莉酸/乙烯JA/ET及油菜素类脂BR等介导进行免疫应答,从而表现出对病原菌一定程度的抗性水平。笔者对上述3种抗病信号转导途径的研究进行介绍,以期为植物抗病信号转导的研究提供有益的启发。     

鸡病毒性关节炎的免疫方法

8～12日龄鸡病毒性关节炎活苗皮下注射或饮水免疫，56～98日龄第2次活苗免疫,临产前用病毒性关节炎油佐剂苗免疫。鸡病毒性关节炎活苗免疫时，应与马立克氏病、法氏囊病弱毒苗的免疫相隔5天以上，以免发生干扰。一般提倡用灭活苗免疫种鸡，其传给子代的母源抗体可保护初生雏鸡避免感染，且降低了经蛋传播的可能性。[第一段]     

贵州山羊关节炎脑炎病毒的分离和鉴定

作者采用细胞培养和免疫琼脂扩散反应的方法证实,贵州省奶山羊中有山羊关节炎脑炎存在,其病原体为山羊关节炎脑炎病毒(CAEV),所得病毒株暂名为CGu-3。     

保育仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌病的诊断与防治

副猪嗜血杆菌病又被称为多发性纤维素性浆膜炎和关节炎,主要症状表现为体温升高、关节肿胀、呼吸困难、浆膜炎、关节炎,严重危害仔猪身体健康,并给养猪业带来巨大的经济损失。目前副猪嗜血杆菌病最为有效的防治方法是疫苗预防,可以采用猪副嗜血杆菌多价灭活苗,在仔猪7～30日龄时免疫一次,15 d后再进行二次免疫,可起到良好的预防效果。     

植物诱导抗病性的信号转导途径

诱导抗病性作为一种主动的防卫反应，是在激发子的诱发下产生的，以此区别于植物固有抗病性，对植物诱导抗病性的信号转导途径进行了研究．结果表明：一切生命现象都可以归结于细胞的信号转导过程，以动物免疫体系的细胞信号传导过程为基础，系统阐述植物诱导抗病性的信号转导过程，即在激发子诱发产生胞间信号经跨膜信号转换，形成胞内第二信使，最后导致蛋白质可逆磷酸化，完成整个信号的传导。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病症状和综合防治措施

副猪嗜血杆菌常造成浆膜炎和关节炎,要通过改善饲养管理、母仔免疫、环境消毒、隔离、投药治疗等措施综合防控。     

虾应对感染的先天免疫反应研究进展

作为一类重要的无脊椎动物,由于缺少基于“抗体-抗原识别”的特异性免疫机制,虾、蟹等无脊椎动物仅依赖种系基因编码的“模式识别受体”以及相关的免疫调控系统来抵御病原侵袭。以虾、蟹为模型,研究甲壳动物的先天免疫应答机制,不仅可以增补先天免疫知识体系,同时可以为虾蟹病害防控提供有效的理论支撑。本文总结了近年来虾类先天免疫的研究成果,从免疫识别、信号转导、效应分子三个方面简述了目前的研究进展,尤其是对湖北省名特水产品克氏原螯虾(俗称小龙虾)的抗病机制和免疫应答反应作了详细的描述。     

肌肉生成抑制素功能调控研究进展

摘要:肌肉生成抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)作为骨骼肌发育的负调控因子,其调控功能对畜牧生产具有重要的意义。从遗传选育、基因重组、免疫中和、MSTN结合蛋白以及受体结合与信号转导等方面综述了MSTN调控的最新研究进展。     

真菌诱导的昆虫免疫反应研究进展

在过去的20年里昆虫的免疫在其基础和应用研究方面受到极大关注,昆虫抗茵肽多基因家族在分子进化、抗茵功能的分子特征和免疫诱导表达的信号传递机制以及细胞免疫反应等方面已有了深入和广泛的研究.但是这些研究主要集中以细菌作为诱导物的昆虫免疫反应.而对真茵诱导的昆虫免疫反应的研究却相对匮乏.为此,对真菌诱导昆虫免疫的机制、模式受体、信号转导、体液免疫、细胞免疫等方面的研究进行综述.     

Down-regulation of the macrophage lineage through interaction with OX2 (CD200)

OX2 (CD200) is a broadly expressed membrane glycoprotein, shown here to be important for regulation of the macrophage lineage. In mice lacking CD200, macrophage lineage cells, including brain microglia, exhibited an activated phenotype and were more numerous. Upon facial nerve transection, damaged CD200-deficient neurons elicited an accelerated microglial response. Lack of CD200 resulted in a more rapid onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Outside the brain, disruption of CD200-CD200 receptor interaction precipitated susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice normally resistant to this disease. Thus, in diverse tissues OX2 delivers an inhibitory signal for the macrophage lineage.     

TNF-R1 signaling: a beautiful pathway

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a major mediator of apoptosis as well as inflammation and immunity, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of human diseases, including sepsis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The interaction of TNF with TNF receptor-1 (TNF-R1) activates several signal transduction pathways. A common feature of each pathway is the TNF-induced formation of a multiprotein signaling complex at the cell membrane. Over the past decade, many of the components and mechanisms of these signaling pathways have been elucidated. We provide an overview of current knowledge of TNF signaling and introduce an STKE Connections Map that depicts a canonical view of this process.     

Symmetrical erosive peripheral polyarthritis in the Late Archaic Period of Alabama

Rheumatoid arthritis was first described unambiguously in 1800, but its etiology and historical origins are still obscure. Definite rheumatoid arthritis has not been demonstrated in pre-19th century Old World skeletal remains. Six individuals who lived 3000 to 5000 years ago in northwestern Alabama and present erosive polyarthritis characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis are described. The diagnosis raises the possibility that rheumatoid arthritis can be associated with a New World pathogen or allergen.     

The growth factor progranulin binds to TNF receptors and is therapeutic against inflammatory arthritis in mice

The growth factor progranulin (PGRN) has been implicated in embryonic development, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, and inflammation, but its receptors remain unidentified. We report that PGRN bound directly to tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and disturbed the TNFα-TNFR interaction. PGRN-deficient mice were susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis, and administration of PGRN reversed inflammatory arthritis. Atsttrin, an engineered protein composed of three PGRN fragments, exhibited selective TNFR binding. PGRN and Atsttrin prevented inflammation in multiple arthritis mouse models and inhibited TNFα-activated intracellular signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PGRN is a ligand of TNFR, an antagonist of TNFα signaling, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis in mice. They also suggest new potential therapeutic interventions for various TNFα-mediated pathologies and conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis.     

Induction of inflammatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis in mice transgenic for HTLV-I

Human T cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia and has also been suggested to be involved in other diseases such as chronic arthritis or myelopathy. To elucidate pathological roles of the virus in disease, transgenic mice were produced that carry the HTLV-I genome. At 2 to 3 months of age, many of the mice developed chronic arthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial and periarticular inflammation with articular erosion caused by invasion of granulation tissues were marked. These observations suggest a possibility that HTLV-I is one of the etiologic agents of chronic arthritis in humans.     

Cadherin-11 in synovial lining formation and pathology in arthritis

The normal synovium forms a membrane at the edges of joints and provides lubrication and nutrients for the cartilage. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium is the site of inflammation, and it participates in an organized tissue response that damages cartilage and bone. We identified cadherin-11 as essential for the development of the synovium. Cadherin-11-deficient mice have a hypoplastic synovial lining, display a disorganized synovial reaction to inflammation, and are resistant to inflammatory arthritis. Cadherin-11 therapeutics prevent and reduce arthritis in mouse models. Thus, synovial cadherin-11 determines the behavior of synovial cells in their proinflammatory and destructive tissue response in inflammatory arthritis.     

Inflammation and collagenase production in rats with adjuvant arthritis reduced with 13-cis-retinoic acid

Oral administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid (40 or 160 milligrams per kilogram of body weight daily) significantly reduced the inflammation associated with developing and established adjuvant arthritis, an experimentally induced arthritis in rats that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. The amount of collagenase secreted in tissue culture by adherent cells isolated from the inflamed joints of adjuvant rats treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid also decreased as compared to the amount secreted by cells from vehicle-treated adjuvant rats. Collagenase is important in the joint destruction accompanying rheumatoid arthritis. The successful use of retinoids in the treatment of this proliferative but nonmalignant disorder demonstrates a new application of these compounds.     

蛋鸡病毒性关节炎诊断与防治

在２２周龄的蛋鸡群中，观察到有关节炎和滑液囊炎症状的鸡（占总数的６．６％）。经血清学诊断，病毒性关节炎的琼扩抗体阳性率为：发病鸡１００％；无临床症状鸡４０％；种鸡７０％。霉形体凝集抗体为阴性。据此初步诊断其为鸡病毒性关节炎，并采取相应的防治措施，控制了病情的发展，减少了经济损失。     

纳米乳对雷公藤多苷增效减毒作用研究

    通过透皮给药.考察雷公藤多苷纳米乳(TWP-NE)治疗SD大鼠佐荆性关节炎的增效减毒作用.用TWP-NE和雷公藤多苷片(TWP)对SD大鼠佐剂性关节炎进行治疗,每隔4 d测量足部体积,28d后测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)和尿液中尿蛋白含量,并取肝、肾进行组织病理学观察.结果显示:TWP-NE对佐荆性关节炎的治疗效果优于TWP.与空白对照组相比,TWP-NE组血清ALT、AST,BUN以及尿液中尿蛋白含量无显著性差异:TWP组血清ALT、AST、BUN以及尿液中尿蛋白含量显著升高.病理组织学观察显示TWP组肝、肾的损伤更严重.说明用纳米乳对雷公藤多苷进行包合可以提高药效并降低其对肝、肾的毒性.     

抗鸡关节炎病毒单克隆抗体介导间接ELISA的建立

利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备出抗鸡关节炎病毒特异的、具有群反应特性的单克隆抗体,挑选其中ＡＤ８株作为一抗建立检测抗原的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ,该法具有高度的特异性和敏感性,不仅适用于大面积检测的需要,而且可用于该病的早期诊断。