河北省部分地区屠宰猪肝脏戊型肝炎抗原的检测及组织病理学观察

为探讨河北省部分地区屠宰猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的感染情况,采集了55例屠宰猪肝脏,采用免疫组织化学方法对肝脏样品的戊型肝炎病毒抗原进行检测,同时应用H.E.染色和Mallory三色染色法对其病理形态学变化进行观察。结果显示,55例肝脏样品中有52例呈抗原阳性反应,阳性率为94.55%。光学显微镜观察可见,病毒抗原在肝细胞核、胞浆和胞膜上均有分布,但主要呈现胞浆弥漫型和胞核型。组织病理学观察结果显示,在HEV-抗原免疫组化阳性反应肝脏样品的H.E.染色切片中,均有不同程度的病理变化,主要表现为肝细胞变性散在单个核固缩性坏死,淋巴细胞等炎性细胞浸润,汇管区胆管增生,肝细胞萎缩,并常见有纤维结缔组织增生。Mallory三色染色结果显示,有29.1%的肝脏样品中有纤维结缔组织增生。     

兔肝脏和肠道中戊型肝炎病毒抗原的检测及组织病理学观察

为探讨兔体内戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的感染情况,本试验从河北某屠宰场采集了136例兔肝脏样品和101例肠道样品。采用免疫组织化学染色方法对上述样品中的HEV抗原进行了检测,同时应用H.E.染色和Mallory三色染色法对其病理形态学变化进行了观察。研究结果显示,136例肝脏中HEV抗原免疫组织化学阳性样品共有96例,阳性率为70.59%,101例肠道中HEV抗原免疫组织化学阳性样品共有79例,阳性率为78.22%。组织病理学观察可见肝脏和肠道均有明显的炎症变化。本研究结果表明,兔群中存在较高的HEV感染率。     

东北虎肝脏的组织学特点

采用HE染色、醛品红染色、Mallory三色染色及显示DNA和RNA的吖啶橙荧光染色,对东北虎正常的肝组织结构进行了观察.东北虎肝脏的组织结构与其他哺乳动物的基本相似.其特点是:被膜不发达,厚度为6～12μm,在被膜中血管很少,主要由弹性纤维(图1)和胶原纤维组成;肝小叶之间的结缔组织甚少,相邻肝小叶分界不清(图2);肝细胞呈多边形,直径为15～20μm,HE染色,胞质嗜酸性着色,胞核多数偏位,靠近血窦侧,吖啶橙染色,胞质呈黄绿色荧光,胞核发桔黄色荧光,核仁发黄绿色荧光;窦状隙宽大、不规则,横径为15～35μm,窦腔内枯否氏细胞较多见;门管区小叶间胆管上皮细胞的形态,因其管径大小而异,管径小的,细胞呈立方状,管径较大的,呈矮柱状,胞质发黄绿色荧光,胞核发桔黄色荧光.     

棕熊肝脏的组织学观察

本实验采用HE染色法及显示细胞内DNA和RNA的吖啶橙荧光染色法,对2例棕熊正常肝脏的组织结构进行了研究。棕熊肝脏的组织结构与其他哺乳动物的基本相似。其特点是:肝小叶之间的结缔组织很少,相邻肝小叶分界不清,门管区中小叶间胆管上皮细胞的形态随其管径大小而异,较小的小叶间胆管上皮细胞呈立方形,较大的呈柱状;较大的小叶间胆管上皮细胞的胞质发桔黄色荧光,核发黄绿色荧光;肝细胞呈多边形,HE染色胞质嗜酸性着色,吖淀橙染色呈区域性桔红色荧光,核发黄绿色荧光,核仁发桔黄色荧光。     

犬肝脏中戊型肝炎病毒抗原的检测及组织病理学观察

为探讨宠物犬戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的感染情况,试验采集了21例宠物犬肝脏,采用免疫组织化学染色方法对上述肝脏组织中的HEV-Ag进行了检测,同时应用H.E染色和Mallory三染色法对其病理形态学变化进行了观察。结果表明在21例宠物犬肝脏中均检出了HEV抗原。组织病理学观察可见肝脏有明显的炎症变化。提示宠物犬感染HEV程度很高,并且是人感染HEV潜在传染源,具有重要的公共卫生意义。     

中华竹鼠肝脏的组织结构

通过探究中华竹鼠肝脏的显微组织结构与特征,为中华竹鼠的人工养殖以及野生保护提供理论依据。试验采用常规解剖方法、石蜡制片和H-E染色技术,在光镜下对中华竹鼠的肝脏进行组织学研究。结果表明:中华竹鼠肝脏分为被膜和实质两部分。被膜覆盖在肝脏表面,由外层较薄的结缔组织和内层的单层扁平细胞构成。实质内肝小叶分界不明显,小叶内无清晰肝细胞索状结构;肝血窦内存在枯否氏细胞;中央静脉大小不一,分布不均匀;肝细胞呈多边形,有1～2个胞核;门管区明显可见,且有丰富的淋巴丛;小叶间静脉大小差异较大,小叶间动脉大小形状与小叶间胆管相似,部分门管区两者都不易找到。     

免疫组织化学法检测北京地区牛肝脏中戊型肝炎病毒抗原

收集北京地区2月龄犊牛49份肝脏样品,34份血清样品,屠宰肉牛肝脏样品153例和60份屠宰牛血清样品。肝脏样品经戊二醛-多聚甲醛固定,包埋,切片,最后进行HE及免疫组化染色。肝脏HE染色结果显示,大多数的肝脏中均出现炎性细胞浸润及纤维组织增生。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,在49例犊牛肝脏样品中,阳性检出率为48.8%(24/49),而153例屠宰牛肝脏样品阳性检出率仅为13.7%(20/153)。血清样品HEV ELASA检测结果表明,34份犊牛血清中检测出1例阳性样品,阳性率为2.95%,60份屠宰牛血清样品检出阳性样品2例,占3.33%。     

屠宰猪肝和血清中乙型肝炎病毒及戊型肝炎病毒的检测

应用1对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）S基因保守区的引物，采用PCR方法从屠宰猪肝、血清中检测到了HBV，序列分析表明，扩增片段与已发表的HBVS基因的同源性高达98％～100％。电镜负染色样品观察结果表明，在HBV表面抗原ELISA检测强阳性反应的血清样品中存在有形态、大小与人HBV Dane颗粒和小球状颗粒相似的病毒粒子。针对戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）（）RF2／ORF3重叠区设计了简并引物，采用巢式RT-PCR对屠宰猪肝和血清样品进行了检测。结果表明，部分屠宰猪肝中存在HEV。     

麋鹿肝脏组织学观察

应用常规石蜡切片,HE染色,对麋鹿的肝脏进行了组织学观察.结果表明,肝脏被膜的结缔组织深入肝内,形成非常不发达的小叶间结缔组织,将肝脏分成多个不明显的小叶.中央静脉位于小叶中央,肝细胞排列成单板状,以中央静脉为中心向周围呈放射状排列.肝细胞板之间的间隙为形状不规则的肝血窦,窦壁由一层内皮细胞构成,窦内可见枯否氏细胞分布,汇管区位于多个小叶的角缘结缔组织中,小叶间动脉,小叶间静脉,小叶间胆管结构较为明显.     

广西牛群戊型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

为了解广西牛群中戊型肝炎(HE)的感染状况,应用反转录—套式聚合酶链式反应(RT-nPCR)对采自广西8个市牛群的粪、肝样品进行了戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)RNA检测。结果从广西6个市牛粪样品中检出HEV阳性率为19.13%(35/183),从4个市牛肝样品中检出HEV的阳性率为20%(5/25),8个市牛粪、牛肝样品中HEV的总阳性率为19.23%(40/208)。表明广西受检牛群中存在HEV感染,应重视牛HE这一新发人畜共患传染病的防控。     

四川地区藏猪戊型肝炎病毒的检测和遗传演化分析

旨在调查四川地区藏猪戊型肝炎病毒（hepatitis E virus,HEV）的流行情况和遗传演化,作者用RT-PCR法对2018—2020年采集自四川省甘孜藏族自治州和阿坝藏族自治州的22个藏猪场332份藏猪粪便样本进行HEV检测,并对阳性样本进行基因分型。RT-PCR检测结果表明HEV核酸阳性率为20.48%（68/332,95% CI=16.3%~25.2%）,22个规模藏猪场中HEV猪场阳性率为77.27%（17/22,95% CI=54.6%~92.2%）,健康样本阳性率为2.86%（3/105,95% CI=0.6%~8.1%）,腹泻样本阳性率为28.63%（65/227,95% CI=22.8%~35.0%）,系统进化分析显示所有阳性株均为G4型。为了进一步研究该地区流行毒株的演化过程,以贝叶斯进化分析软件进行分歧时间估算,结果表明,藏猪流行毒株的分歧时间最早为1999年,最晚为2016年。并分别从每年的样本中挑选1份阳性样本得到全基因组序列,核酸序列相似性为89.5%~93.1%。通过对3条全基因组重组分析发现SWU/301/2019存在重组现象,SWU/301/2019重组区域位于ORF1的3 746—4 655 bp。本研究首次对四川地区藏猪源HEV进行调查,结果表明四川藏猪中存在一定程度的HEV感染,为四川地区对藏猪感染HEV的防治以及深入研究四川藏猪源HEV遗传变异及生物学特性提供了参考依据。     

High hepatitis E virus antibody positive rates in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west of China

Hepatitis E (HE) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV infection among dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west region of China. A total of 4,490 dog serum samples and 2,206 relative practitioner serum samples were collected from 18 pet hospitals and dog farms in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou province, and the anti‐HEV IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the total positive rate of anti‐HEV antibodies was 36.55% with the highest rate in city stray dogs, and the differences in distinct species and growth phases were significant. The positive rate of anti‐HEV antibody in veterinarian and farm staff‐related practitioners was significantly higher than the general population. The finding of the present survey suggested that high HEV seroprevalence in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west area of China poses a significant public health concern. It is urgent to improve integrated strategies to detect, prevent and control HEV infection in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in this area.     

猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒的血清学调查

应用血凝和血凝抑制试验检测了从辽宁省部分地区采集的猪血清中血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒（HEV）的抗体滴度。结果表明,368份血清样品中,有162份呈抗体阳性反应,阳性率高达44.0%。被采集血清的猪未表现出临床症状,说明该地区存在血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒的隐性感染。     

河南省猪场戊型肝炎病毒流行病学调查

为了解河南地区猪戊型肝炎感染情况,同时掌握该地区猪感染戊型肝炎病毒的基因型,对来自河南新乡、平顶山、南阳等地区不同商品猪场血清、肝脏、粪样品,采用ELISA技术检测猪血清中抗HEV特异性抗体水平,并使用套式RT-PCR检测肝脏和粪便中猪戊型肝炎病毒核酸。结果显示530份样品中HEV抗体阳性率0.6%,HEV RNA均为阴性,推测目前河南省猪戊型肝炎病毒感染率较低。     

Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys in California: serologic study of hemorrhagic enteritis virus antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The incidence of hemorrhagic enteritis (HE) infection in California turkeys was studied by testing 2220 turkey blood samples from 173 flocks for HE virus (HEV) antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal antibody was detected at 1 day of age in all flocks tested, and it vanished after 3 weeks. Acquired HEV antibody appeared at 8 to 10 weeks, and 100% of the meat and breeder turkey flocks were positive after 11 weeks of age. HEV infection occurred earlier in the meat flocks than in the breeder flocks, and it also occurred earlier during summer than during the fall and winter months.     

猪戊型肝炎病毒的流行病学调查

利用双抗原夹心ELISA对2009-2011年间采自广东省各地区的若干猪场的484份血清样品,进行血清流行病学调查;对69份病猪胆汁样品进行分子流行病学调查,分离得到猪源戊型肝炎病毒(swine hepatitis E virus, swHEV),并基于ORF2部分基因序列进行核苷酸序列比对、相似性分析和遗传进化树分析,以期初步了解广东各地猪群戊型肝炎(hepatitis E, HE)的感染情况和流行特点。试验结果显示,全部被检查猪的swHEV抗体平均阳性率为71.9%(348/484),分离的猪源HEV毒株均属于基因Ⅳ型,阳性率为71.0%(49/69)。调查结果表明基因Ⅳ型swHEV在广东地区普遍流行。     

2015年-2016年度南宁部分地区猪戊型肝炎病毒基因型分析

为了解广西猪群中戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因型,利用套式RT-PCR用对南宁周边猪场采集到的104份新鲜猪粪便进行HEV检测、分离并成功扩增和克隆了11株阳性毒株的ORF2基因部分保守片段.序列测定结果表明,11株HEV ORF2序列自身核苷酸同源性为97.7%~100%,推导编码的氨基酸同源性为97.9%~100%;与4型HEV代表毒株Ch-S-1、Ch-T11、swGX40等的核苷酸同源性为84.6%~90.6%,而与其他各型之间的同源性较低.系统发育进化树结果表明,11株HEV广西株为基因4型,其中,10株HEV为4a亚型,1株毒株为4e亚型.结果表明,广西猪群中流行的HEV均为基因4型,且以4a亚型为优势流行毒株.     

Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Finnish Veterinarians

We investigated hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in Finnish veterinarians engaged in different practice specialties and evaluated the effect of different background factors on HEV exposure by examining total HEV antibodies in samples collected from the participants of the 2009 National Veterinary Congress in Helsinki, Finland. Finnish veterinarians commonly have total HEV antibodies with seroprevalence of 10.2%. Of the non‐veterinarians, 5.8% were seropositive. Increasing age was associated with HEV seropositivity, and, surprisingly, the highest HEV seroprevalence (17.8%) among veterinarians was detected among small animal practitioners. Although no positive correlation between swine contacts and HEV seropositivity was found, 22.7% of veterinarians who had had needle stick by a needle that had previously been injected into a pig versus 9.0% of those who had not were seropositive, even though the finding was statistically non‐significant (P = 0.07). Our results suggest that, although contact with swine is a known risk factor for HEV infection, the sources of HEV infections are probably numerous, including travelling abroad and possibly also other reservoirs of HEV than pigs.     

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Humans and Geographically Matched Food Animals in Egypt

The aim of current study was to investigate the epidemiology of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in humans and geographically matched food animals as a novel zoonotic assessment in Egypt. Blood samples were collected from patients who had a history of jaundice and attended to fever and general hospitals. Animal blood samples were collected from cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats convenient to HEV seropositive humans. Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) protocol was used to determine IgG anti‐HEV. Sex and pregnancy were investigated as potential risk factors for HEV infection. Of 134 examined humans, 51 (38.1%) were positive for IgG anti‐HEV. The males showed 26.8% seropositivity while the recorded female seropositivity was 50.8%, with a significant difference at P = 0.005, Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.35 at 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–0.73. There was a significant difference at P = 0.02 between seropositivity in pregnant (25%) and non‐pregnant women (59.6%); OR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.06–0.81). Anorexia was the most common symptom whereas paraesthesia and back pain were the least within icteric seropositive HEV humans. Hepatitis E virus seropositivity was recorded in 21.6%, 14%, 4.4% and 9.4% from examined cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats, respectively. The infected food animals were convenient to positive HEV humans who may declare the epidemiological picture of potential zoonotic HEV.     

Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs of Different Ages in Portugal

This study represents the primary hepatitis E virus (HEV) surveillance in domestic pigs in Portugal, five pig farms were investigated in 5 different Portuguese regions, ten faecal samples were collected at four different stages of the production. All faecal samples were tested for hepatitis E virus by real-time RT-PCR. At least one sample from each farms of all age groups tested positive for HEV. The prevalence in the pig herds varied from 10% to 30% and the mean prevalence was 32% in weaners, 20% in growers, 32% in fatteners and 4% in adult dry sows. Phylogenetic analysis of the detected HEV sequences indicated that the circulating virus strains belong under the genotype 3.