优质青贮玉米新品种丰禾4号的选育及栽培技术

丰禾4号(原代号:禾饲007)是黑龙江省双城市丰禾玉米研究所于2001年以外引自交系齐319为母本,以自育系H9420为父本杂交组配而成的玉米单交种。该品种经黑龙江省青贮玉米晚熟组生产试验,平均生物产量74 006.6 kg/hm2,比对照品种黑饲1号增产8.3%。是一个抗病性强、品质优良的青贮玉米品种,在黑龙江省第-积温带及第二积温带上限有广泛的推广前景。     

中原单32号青贮玉米标准化栽培技术

中原单322号玉米杂交种是由中国农业科学院原原子能利用研究所通过核辐射技术选育而成．父本为原辐黄、母本为齐318。是目前唯一通过全国农作物品种审定委员会和全国牧草品种审定委员会双重审定的粮饲兼用型玉米新品种。是黑龙江省栽培面积较大的青贮玉米品种,适合黑龙江省第2、3积温带作为青贮玉米品种使用。现将其标准化栽培要点介绍如下。     

粮饲兼用型玉米青贮产量形成及调控研究

试验选用了在四川当地适合作青贮的粮饲兼用型玉米品种川单21、成单22、雅玉8号、燎原青贮玉米2号与从新疆引进的专用青贮玉米品种新青2号作对比试验,研究其产量形成规律及适宜的种植密度与收割时期。结果表明,鲜物质、干物质产量以及果穗产量均以粮饲兼用型玉米较高,其中以雅玉8号表现最优;适宜的种植密度为127500株/hm2;粮饲兼用型青贮玉米的适宜收获期在抽丝后35～42d,专用型青贮玉米新青2号在抽丝后28～35d。     

优质青贮玉米杂交种吉饲11的选育及其栽培

吉饲11是吉林省农业科学院玉米研究所2000年杂交组配的全株青贮玉米杂交种。生育期135d左右,适宜在吉林省大部分地区、辽宁省北部、内蒙古东部及黑龙江省第一、二积温带做全株青贮玉米种植。吉饲11种子拱土能力强,早发性好,益抓苗。抗病性、抗逆性强。茎秆保绿度好,营养成分含量高,适口性好。     

优质青贮玉米中北410的选育及栽培技术

优质青贮玉米中北410是山西北方种业优质玉米所以SN915为母本,YH-1为父本杂交育成的单交种。该品种从出苗到适宜收获期(乳熟后期至蜡熟前期)需有效积温3 081.2℃.d左右,东北华北春玉米地区出苗至青贮收获111 d,比对照农大108晚3～5 d。在各级试验中表现为优质、高产、稳产、抗病、抗逆性强等特点。青贮玉米中北410适宜在北京、天津、河北北部、山西北部春玉米区及河北中南部夏播玉米区、福建中北部用作专用青贮玉米种植。矮花叶病高发区慎用。     

早熟春玉米绥玉7的选育及迅速推广原因的分析

早熟春玉米新品种绥玉7由黑龙江省农科院绥化农科所玉米育种研究室以自交系合344为母本,以自交系8941为父本杂交育成.该品种生育日数108 d,需≥10℃积温2240～2 300℃·d,具有产量水平高、抗病抗逆性强、子粒商品品质好、适应性广的特点,适宜黑龙江省第三积温带种植。     

玉米杂交种嫩单12号的选育与栽培技术研究

[目的]推广中晚熟杂交玉米品种嫩单12号。【方法】对嫩单12号的特征特性、产量表现、栽培及制种技术要点进行阐述．[结果]该品种具有产量高、品质优、抗逆性强、适应范围广等特性,已于2005年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。【结论】该品种适宜在黑龙江省西部第1积温带下限和第2积温带种植,及在四单19种植区域推广应用。     

早熟春玉米绥玉7的选育及迅速推广原因的分析

早熟春玉米新品种绥玉7由黑龙江省农科院绥化农科所玉米育种研究室以自交系合344为母本,以自交系8941为父本杂交育成.该品种生育日数108 d,需≥10℃积温2240～2 300℃·d,具有产量水平高、抗病抗逆性强、子粒商品品质好、适应性广的特点,适宜黑龙江省第三积温带种植.     

青贮玉米品种龙辐单208的选育与开发

龙辐单208是黑龙江省农科院玉米研究中心以自交系辐967-3为母本,自交系辐913-8为父本育成的青贮玉米品种.该品种在哈尔滨地区生育期127 d,需≥10.C积温2 700℃·d.1998～2002年在各级青贮产量试验中表现出高产、稳产、优质、适应性广及抗逆性强等特点.作为青贮玉米而言,龙辐单208的适应区为≥10℃积温在2 400℃·d以上的地区.它适宜黑龙江省绝大部分地区及内蒙古、吉林省和辽宁省的部分地区.清种密度一般公顷保苗55 000～60 000株为宜。     

大豆新品种“牡豆8号”的选育

"牡豆8号"是黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院2002年以垦农19为母本,滴2003为父本进行有性杂交,采用系谱法经多年鉴定选育而成。该品种需≥10℃积温2 450℃左右,在适应区域出苗至成熟生育日数120 d左右,2009～2011年在各级产量试验中均表现早熟、高产、优质、多抗等优点,2012年1月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。适宜黑龙江省第二积温带和吉林省东部半山区相同条件的地区种植,种植密度一般为24～30万株.hm-2。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。