比格犬脑垂体远侧部细胞的电镜观察

透射电镜观察表明,比格犬(Beagle)脑垂体远侧部实质中含有6种细胞,即生长激素细胞、催乳激素细胞、促甲状腺激素细胞、促性腺激素细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素细胞和滤泡—星形细胞,它们各有其超微结构特征。生长激素细胞呈圆形;胞核为圆形;分泌颗粒很多,圆形,直径约233～465nm,催乳激素细胞多呈不规则形;胞核为不规则形;分泌颗粒很多,圆形,直径约310～620nm。促甲状腺激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;分泌颗粒较少,直径约78～232nm。促肾上腺皮质激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;分泌颗粒较多,圆形,直径约155～310nm,分布于细胞周边。促性腺激素细胞呈圆形或椭圆形;胞核为圆形或椭圆形;分泌颗粒较少,呈圆形、卵圆形、杵状或不规则形,长径约155～434nm。滤泡—星形细胞呈星形或不规则形,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;胞质内无分泌颗粒。     

恒河猴肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的电镜观察

应用透射电镜观察了恒河猴肾上腺髓质含有的 3种嗜铬细胞 ,即明嗜铬细胞、暗嗜铬细胞和小颗粒嗜铬细胞的超微结构特征。明嗜铬细胞卵圆形或略微不规则形 ,电子密度较低 ,胞核圆形 ;胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒。分泌颗粒多为圆形 ,直径 130～ 35 0 nm,根据其超微结构 ,可分为 2型 : 型颗粒 ,电子密度高 ,核芯呈均质状 ,有的核芯偏于颗粒一侧 ; 型颗粒 ,电子密度中等或较低 ,核芯为细粒状 ,不偏位。暗嗜铬细胞多边形或不规则形 ,电子密度较高 ,胞核不规则形 ;分泌颗粒与明嗜铬细胞相似。小颗粒嗜铬细胞与明嗜铬细胞相似 ,但分泌颗粒较小 ,直径 10 0～ 2 5 0 nm。     

非洲雏鸵鸟甲状腺的显微和超微结构研究

应用光镜和透射电镜技术,研究2月龄非洲雏鸵鸟甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明,非洲雏鸵鸟甲状腺实质由甲状腺滤泡和滤泡旁细胞组成;甲状腺滤泡大小不一,直径20.0～280.0μm,平均69.9μm;滤泡主要由单层立方上皮细胞围成,上皮细胞高5.0～15.0μm,平均9.4μm。电镜下,滤泡上皮细胞分为A、B两型,A型细胞呈立方形或低柱状,胞核较大,常染色质丰富;胞质内RER、线粒体、高尔基复合体和溶酶体等细胞器丰富;B型细胞呈扁平或低立方形,胞核扁椭圆形,异染色质较多;胞质内各种细胞器不发达。滤泡旁细胞卵圆形或多边形,数量较少,胞体较大,位于滤泡间或滤泡上皮细胞之间;胞质内RER、线粒体、高尔基复合体和分泌颗粒较多。研究结果提示2月龄非洲雏鸵鸟的甲状腺功能比较活跃,能够合成、分泌较多的甲状腺激素和一定量的降钙素。     

鹅胸腺APUD(样)细胞的超微结构

应用透射电镜在鹅胸腺内发现一种ＡＰＵＤ（样）细胞。这种细胞形态不规则,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核圆形,电子密度低,核仁明显;胞质内含有粗面内质网、线粒体等丰富的细胞器。其主要特征是含有大量的多分布于胞质一侧的膜包小分泌颗粒,呈圆形或椭圆形,大小不等,直径１１０～５５０ｎｍ,有些颗粒在界膜与内含物之间可见低电子密度的晕轮。根据其超微结构特征,可将颗粒分为３型：Ⅰ型颗粒为中等电子密度;Ⅱ型颗粒为均质状高电子密度;Ⅲ型颗粒在中等电子密度中含有一高电子密度的核芯。作者认为这种细胞属于内分泌细胞,并且很可能是分泌肽类激素的ＡＰＵＤ细胞。     

恒河猴脑垂体远侧部细胞的电镜观察

应用透射电镜观察了恒河猴脑垂体远侧部含有的 6种细胞 ,即生长激素细胞、催乳激素细胞、促甲状腺激素细胞、促性腺激素细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素细胞和滤泡 -星形细胞。生长激素细胞呈圆形或椭圆形 ,分泌颗粒直径 2 0 0～4 5 0 nm。催乳激素细胞呈卵圆形或不规则形 ,胞核为不规则形 ,分泌颗粒直径 2 5 0～ 80 0 nm。促甲状腺激素细胞呈卵圆形或不规则形 ,分泌颗粒直径 10 0～ 2 5 0 nm。促肾上腺皮质激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形 ,分泌颗粒直径 2 5 0～ 4 5 0 nm。促性腺激素细胞呈圆形 ,其椭圆形的分泌颗粒长径为 2 5 0～ 80 0 nm。滤泡 -星形细胞呈卵圆形或不规则形 ,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间 ,无分泌颗粒。     

成鸡卵巢嗜酸性细胞、卵泡外腺细胞和卵泡膜腺细胞微细结构的研究

对成鸡卵巢的嗜酸性细胞、卵泡外腺细胞和卵泡膜腺细胞作H.E染色、油红—O染色和电子染色,然后进行光镜和电镜观察。结果:嗜酸性细胞单个分布在卵巢基质中,形态不一。胞核形态多样,异染色质数量中等,核仁位于核的偏中心部位。胞质中有许多电子密度较高的圆形嗜酸性颗粒,高尔基复合体发育良好,粗面内质网数量中等,有少量嵴少、基质电子密度低的线粒体,其它细胞器较少,油红—O染色阴性。卵泡外腺细胞分布在卵泡之间,由数个细胞结合成一细胞团。细胞形态多样。胞核圆形或卵圆形,一至数个核仁,异染色质少。胞质中充满大小不一的卵圆形脂滴,线粒体嵴多、基质电子密度较高,有管状嵴和板状嵴,还有较多囊泡状的滑面内质网,粗面内质网数量少,油红—O染色阳性反应。卵泡膜腺细胞也是数个细胞结合成一细胞团,分布在卵泡膜内层,结构与卵泡外腺细胞极为相似,油红—O染色阳性。卵泡外腺细胞和卵泡膜腺细胞都具有分泌类固醇激素细胞的结构特征。     

水牛体细胞核移植方法比较及激活前的时间间隔对全细胞胞质内注射法核移植效果的影响

本研究旨在比较水牛2种体细胞核移植(Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer,SCNT)方法的效果以及激活前的时间间隔对全细胞胞质内注射法(Whole-Cell Intracytoplasmic Microinjection,WCICSI)核移植效果的影响.采用水牛胎儿成纤维细胞作为供核,比较了透明带下注核法(Perivitelline Microinjection,PM)和WCICSI核移植效果.另外,试验了不同类型的供体细胞进行全细胞胞质内注射后与激活前的受体胞质的最适宜作用时间.结果,WCICSI构建核移植重构胚的成功率显著高于PM(87.1%vs 81.1%,P＜0.05),虽然其重构胚的分裂率极显著低于PM(49.5%vs 71.8%,P＜0.01),但囊胚率、核移植的效率无显著差异(P＞0.05).卵丘细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞在注射后3 h激活,重构胚的囊胚发育率最高;颗粒细胞注射后与激活前的最佳时间间隔可在1.5～3 h,但3 h是最佳的作用时间.结果表明,(1)WCICSI可用于水牛体细胞核移植的研究;(2)水牛胞质内注射供体细胞后3 h进行激活,核移植重构胚的发育效果最好.     

小鼠精原干细胞的形态结构及其细胞化学和免疫组化特性

应用光镜、电镜观察了 ７～８ ｄ 小鼠精原干细胞的形态结构特点;应用细胞化学、免疫组织化学方法研究了体外培养小鼠精原干细胞的细胞化学和免疫组织化学特性。结果显示,精原干细胞呈圆形,直径（９±１） μｍ ,核大,呈圆形或轻微卵圆形,胞质较少;核内常染色质占绝对优势,异染色质极少;胞质内核糖体、线粒体较丰富,其他细胞器不发达;精原干细胞 Ａ Ｋ Ｐ染色呈阳性或强阳性,胞质内脂滴很少或没有;精原干细胞表达特异的 ｃｋｉｔ 受体;体外培养的小鼠精原干细胞常呈不完全的胞质分裂,细胞间由细胞间桥相连而呈链状或团状的细胞群丛,细胞群常由偶数细胞组成。     

秋秀中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）工蜂有分泌活性的舌腺和无分泌活性...

对秋季中华蜜蜂工蜂有分泌活性舌腺（９日龄）和无分泌活性的舌腺（采集蜂）的超微结构进行了观察和比较，发现二者的舌腺细胞的超微结构存在着差异。９日龄工蜂舌腺处在分泌活性状态。细胞核发达，多突起；粗面内质网发达，成平行状排列；胞内管、胞外管中都充满电子致密度大的粗颗粒物质，即王浆物质；有大量的分泌块；线粒体内嵴排列紧密，呈板层状。崦采集蜂舌腺处在无分泌活性状态。核周边异染色质增多；粗面内质网不太发达，多     

奶水牛乳腺组织学研究报告

[目的]探究水牛泌乳性与乳腺组织的关系。[方法]采用组织切片及显微照相研究摩拉水牛和摩×尼×本三元杂水牛泌乳期的乳腺组织。[结果]泌乳期水牛乳腺结缔组织和脂肪组织较少,腺泡较多。泌乳水牛乳腺组织占62.8%,结缔组织占7.6%,脂肪组织占19.6%。摩拉水牛乳腺小叶区域的乳腺泡数量范围为80～150个/mm2,直径范围为50～100μm。摩×尼×本三元杂水牛泌乳后期乳腺小叶区域的腺泡数量范围为50～100个/mm2,直径范围为50～150μm。[结论]乳腺腺泡数及大小是影响水牛泌乳量的重要内在因素。     

雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存结构的研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,系统观察雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存情况,显示与精子储存有关组织结构与细胞形态。结果表明,精子储存在雌性中华鳖输卵管的蛋白分泌部后部至子宫部,但各段的组织结构及精子储存量存在一定差别。蛋白分泌部后部上皮较发达,由典型的高柱状纤毛细胞和分泌细胞构成,固有膜中腺体多为泡状腺。上皮和腺体中含有大量高密度的膜性分泌颗粒,此段只有少量的精子储存。峡部较窄且固有膜内无腺体,上皮排列紧密并呈迷路样迂回分布,上皮细胞内高电子密度分泌颗粒成团集中分布在核上方。峡部管腔中分布着大量的精子,靠近管腔的精子或精子头部嵌入上皮纤毛之间或顶端凹陷的胞质中,且精子嵌入部分的细胞结构保持完整。子宫前部形成垂直于管腔的储精小管(SST),子宫上皮及此段SST上皮的分泌颗粒电子密度不均,含高密度电子致密斑,腺体中的分泌颗粒也呈现不同的内部结构。子宫部及SST的管腔中储存有大量精子。这些区段复杂的细胞结构及分泌活动,可能在精子储存中发挥重要作用。     

寿光鸡胚原始生殖细胞的形态和分布观察

采用连续切片法进行鸡胚胎显微观察,研究寿光鸡原始生殖细胞（PGCs）形态和分布规律。试验结果表明,PGCs在迁移过程中出现3次聚集高峰。第1次是在孵化19～22 h时聚集在生殖新月处;第2次是在孵化48～55 h时聚集在心脏和背主动脉中;第3次是孵化4~5 d时的生殖嵴中。生殖新月区的PGCs呈不规整的圆形或卵圆形,细胞内含有大量的糖原颗粒,血液中PGCs呈规整的圆形。性腺中PGCs呈圆形或卵圆形,有伪足。胞核均呈圆形或椭圆形,偏向细胞边缘。细胞直径为10~22.5 μm,细胞核的大小均为7.5 μm左右。     

Light microscopic study of granulocytes of Pygoscelid penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) of Antarctica

Morphologic features of heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils of wild adult Pygoscelid penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae; 1 male, 4 females) of Antarctica were studied. Granulocytes were described on the basis of analysis of stained blood films and of 0.5-micron sections of centrifuged resin-embedded blood. Morphometric analysis of granulocytes included average cell diameter, cell shape, and nuclear configuration as well as the number, size, and shape of intracytoplasmic granules. Large round heterophils were the most prevalent granulocyte and possessed numerous rod- and spindle-shaped granules and a polymorphous nucleus. The second most prevalent granulocyte was the eosinophil. These eosinophils contained a bilobed nucleus and an average of 29.52 homogeneous granules/cell. The smallest and least encountered granulocyte was the basophil. Basophils possessed a single eccentric nucleus surrounded by round metachromatic granules (12.20 granules/cell) of varying size.     

A light and electron microscopic study of a normal adrenal medulla and a pheochromocytoma from a horse.

The outer medullary (juxtacortical) zone of a normal equine adrenal gland had columnar chromaffin-positive cells arranged with their long axes perpendicular to fine vascular channels. The deeper medullary regions were composed of smaller irregularly round to polygonal chromaffin positive cells in small packets. Both cell types contained two types of membrane-bound cytoplasmic secretory granules. Osmiophilic granules with a homogeneous core, crenated membrane and narrow submembranous halo predominated in the columnar juxtacortical cells. The rounder, central medullary cells contained predominantly electron dense granules with a wide irregular electron lucent space between an eccentric core and the granule membrane. In contrast, irrespective of cell type or zone, cells from a pheochromocytoma contained only one type of granule similar to that described for the juxtacortical region of the normal equine adrenal medulla. The tumor cells could be classified into three subtypes based on density of granule packing but the granules were morphologically similar in all tumor cells.     

Gross,Histological and Ultrastructural Features of the Bulbourethral Gland in the Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)

The present study examines the structure and ultrastructure of the bulbourethral glands in 10 sexually matured male greater cane rats raised in captivity. Following anaesthesia, the rats were perfusion‐fixed transcardially and the bulbourethral glands dissected out. Upon morphologic and morphometric analysis, the Cowper's glands were observed to have an average volume of 0.24 ± 0.08 ml, a diameter of 6.3 ± 0.6 mm and weighs 0.199 ± 0.06 g. The paired, gourd‐shaped tubuloalveolar glands were surrounded by dense connective tissues and separated into lobules by capsular septae. Each lobule consists of endpiece/secretory units and excretory ducts lined by simple glandular epithelium and pseudo‐stratified epithelium, respectively. The round end pieces consisted of 8–10 pyramidal to columnar epithelial cells with flattened, basally located nuclei and granule‐filled cytoplasm that bounded a narrow glandular lumen. The striking ultrastructural features of these secretory cells were the presence of some granules with uniform electron density and those with regions of lesser density as well as the absence of secretory vacuoles. Another unique characteristic of these secretory granules is the presence of electron dense strands radiating from their surfaces. The apical surfaces of the cells were also studded with abundant microvilli. From the findings, the structure of bulbourethral glands in the greater cane rat shows more resemblances to that of humans than to its rodent phylogeny. These findings serve as additional knowledge in the structural interpretation of the bulbourethral gland and its secretory products.     

Granular cell variants in a rat schwannoma. Evidence of neurogenic origin of granular cell tumor (myoblastoma).

A large, intraabdominal rat schwannoma had numerous granule-containing cells cytologically identical to cells of granular cell tumor (myoblastoma). The small eosinophilic granules stained positively by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction, with intensity not reduced by diastase pretreatment. Granules stained positively with the Tibor Pap silver impregnation for reticulin and by electron microscopy were identical to myoblastoma cell granules. The nuclei of granular cells were morphologically identical to those of the neoplastic Schwann cells. The granular cells were in numerous foci within the tumor, frequently were seen in mitosis, and possessed an extremely variable volume of cytoplasm. They seemed to evolve from neoplastic Schwann cells. Cells with only a narrow perinuclear rim of granular cytoplasm were of the same size and general configuration as adjacent neoplastic Schwann cells, while cells with increasing volumes of granular cytoplasm were increasingly swollen and round. One area of the tumor was composed almost entirely of such large cells and was histologically identical to classic granular cell tumor.     

鸡骨髓内嗜酸性粒细胞发生的形态特点

对雏鸡骨髓内嗜酸性粒细胞发生的形态结构进行了光镜和电镜观察。嗜酸性颗粒从早幼阶段开始出现，随着细胞的不断发育，颗粒的数量逐渐增多。嗜酸性颗粒呈圆形，大小相近，着桔红色，内部结构均匀，电子密度中等，胞核轮廓清楚，异染色质较少。     

A neoplasm of globule leukocytes in a cat

A neoplasm involving the ileo-cecal-colic junction, thymus, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes of a 7-year-old domestic cat was composed of dense sheets of round to oval mononuclear cells with oval to indented nuclei, moderate amounts of cytoplasm, and variable numbers of round eosinophilic granules. These granules are brown to black in phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin-stained sections and stain variably with the periodic acid-Schiff stain. They are 0.8 to 1.5 micron in diameter, limited by a single unit membrane, and have variable electron density. Light microscopic cellular morphology and staining characteristics as well as ultrastructural features of these cells are consistent with feline globule leukocytes. Morphologic features of the neoplastic cells in the present case are similar to those of the only other reported neoplasm of globule leukocytes which also involved the intestine of a cat.