鹅胸腺APUD(样)细胞的超微结构

应用透射电镜在鹅胸腺内发现一种ＡＰＵＤ（样）细胞。这种细胞形态不规则,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核圆形,电子密度低,核仁明显;胞质内含有粗面内质网、线粒体等丰富的细胞器。其主要特征是含有大量的多分布于胞质一侧的膜包小分泌颗粒,呈圆形或椭圆形,大小不等,直径１１０～５５０ｎｍ,有些颗粒在界膜与内含物之间可见低电子密度的晕轮。根据其超微结构特征,可将颗粒分为３型：Ⅰ型颗粒为中等电子密度;Ⅱ型颗粒为均质状高电子密度;Ⅲ型颗粒在中等电子密度中含有一高电子密度的核芯。作者认为这种细胞属于内分泌细胞,并且很可能是分泌肽类激素的ＡＰＵＤ细胞。     

比格犬脑垂体远侧部细胞的电镜观察

透射电镜观察表明,比格犬(Beagle)脑垂体远侧部实质中含有6种细胞,即生长激素细胞、催乳激素细胞、促甲状腺激素细胞、促性腺激素细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素细胞和滤泡—星形细胞,它们各有其超微结构特征。生长激素细胞呈圆形;胞核为圆形;分泌颗粒很多,圆形,直径约233～465nm,催乳激素细胞多呈不规则形;胞核为不规则形;分泌颗粒很多,圆形,直径约310～620nm。促甲状腺激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;分泌颗粒较少,直径约78～232nm。促肾上腺皮质激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;分泌颗粒较多,圆形,直径约155～310nm,分布于细胞周边。促性腺激素细胞呈圆形或椭圆形;胞核为圆形或椭圆形;分泌颗粒较少,呈圆形、卵圆形、杵状或不规则形,长径约155～434nm。滤泡—星形细胞呈星形或不规则形,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核为圆形或卵圆形;胞质内无分泌颗粒。     

恒河猴脑垂体远侧部细胞的电镜观察

应用透射电镜观察了恒河猴脑垂体远侧部含有的 6种细胞 ,即生长激素细胞、催乳激素细胞、促甲状腺激素细胞、促性腺激素细胞、促肾上腺皮质激素细胞和滤泡 -星形细胞。生长激素细胞呈圆形或椭圆形 ,分泌颗粒直径 2 0 0～4 5 0 nm。催乳激素细胞呈卵圆形或不规则形 ,胞核为不规则形 ,分泌颗粒直径 2 5 0～ 80 0 nm。促甲状腺激素细胞呈卵圆形或不规则形 ,分泌颗粒直径 10 0～ 2 5 0 nm。促肾上腺皮质激素细胞呈圆形或卵圆形 ,分泌颗粒直径 2 5 0～ 4 5 0 nm。促性腺激素细胞呈圆形 ,其椭圆形的分泌颗粒长径为 2 5 0～ 80 0 nm。滤泡 -星形细胞呈卵圆形或不规则形 ,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间 ,无分泌颗粒。     

日本七鳃鳗血细胞显微及亚显微结构

用光镜和透射电镜技术对１０尾日本七鳃鳗的血细胞进行了观察。结果表明：红细胞为圆形或椭圆形,胞质不很均匀,电子密度较低,含有板状嵴线粒体,核呈圆形或椭圆形。中性粒细胞表面有伪足,形态各异,胞质内含有Ａ、Ｂ２种颗粒（Ａ型颗粒为圆形,电子密度较低;Ｂ型颗粒为长椭圆形,电子密度较高）。嗜酸粒细胞数量较少,胞质内含有Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３种形态各异的有膜颗粒（Ａ型颗粒为圆形,电子密度较高,均质;Ｂ型为长椭圆形,颗粒中央有电子密度较高的长椭圆形致密芯;Ｃ型内含有电子密度较高的杆状致密芯,位于颗粒一侧）。单核细胞表面有伪足,胞质内含有粗面内质网、板状嵴线粒体、溶酶体和液泡。淋巴细胞为圆形,核较大,胞质内含有板状嵴线粒体、粗面内质网和嗜天青颗粒。血栓细胞体积较小,形态各异,胞质内含有线粒体、粗面内质网和细小颗粒。     

比格犬肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的电镜观察

应用透射电镜观察，发现比格犬肾上腺髓质中含有3种嗜铬细胞。即肾上腺素细胞，去甲肾上腺素细胞和小颗粒嗜铬细胞。它们均含较丰富的细胞器和大量的分泌颗粒。颗粒表面有膜包裹，内含核芯，其主要区别；肾上腺素细胞呈多边形或圆形，去甲肾上腺素细胞为多边形或柱状。小颗粒嗜铬细胞为细长锥状；肾上腺素细胞的分泌颗粒，其核芯多位于中央，核芯与界膜之间有一狭窄的空晕；去甲肾上腺素细胞的分泌颗粒，其核芯偏于颗粒一侧并贴于界膜上，而使颗粒的另一侧留下一个较大的腔隙；小颗粒嗜铬细胞的分泌颗粒较小，内部结构与肾上腺素细胞的相似。     

余干乌骨鸡胸腺4种内分泌细胞超微结构特点和形态计量学分析

为阐明禽类胸腺内分泌细胞类型,并进一步了解禽类胸腺发挥功能的结构基础,本试验应用石蜡切片、普通光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术观察余干乌骨鸡胸腺组织显微和超微结构,并通过形态计量学对相关细胞参数进行测量和分析。结果显示,余干乌骨鸡胸腺分为很多小叶,每个小叶明显的分为外周的皮质和中间的髓质。髓质内含有胸腺小体。胸腺内还有黑色素分布。超微结构显示,胸腺内含有较多的淋巴细胞、上皮网状细胞和黑色素细胞,并有多种形态的内分泌细胞。内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒的形状和电子密度等特征皆存在差异。根据内分泌细胞的形态和胞质内分泌颗粒的特征,胸腺内分泌细胞分为4种类型。Ⅰ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒多呈规整的圆形,电子密度高,大小不等,直径介于400～770 nm。Ⅱ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒形态差异较大,多呈卵圆形,或两端粗大、中间细长的哑铃型,电子密度高,直径介于265～1 320 nm。Ⅲ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒呈圆形或卵圆形,中等电子密度,也有颗粒呈电子疏松的囊泡状,直径介于180～340 nm。Ⅳ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒呈圆形或卵圆形,颗粒类脂型或黏液型,电子密度低,直径介于510～1 280 n...     

摩杂一代水牛脑垂体前叶的超微结构研究

利用超薄切片对摩杂一代水牛脑垂体前叶的腺细胞进行透射电镜观察,发现5种腺细胞各有其超微结构特征：促性腺激素细胞胞体呈圆形,直径为7.6～9.0 μm;分泌颗粒分为明显的大小2种颗粒,且电子密度高。促甲状腺激素细胞的直径为6.0～7.5 μm;分泌颗粒少而最小,且大小无显著差异,多沿质膜分布;细胞核小,多位于中央。促肾上腺皮质激素细胞多在邻近垂体神经部的腺体前叶中,细胞核不规则,常偏向一侧,分泌颗粒常于细胞周边或一端;胞体直径为7.1～8.5 μm。促生长激素细胞数量多,核大而圆,分泌颗粒多且均一,充满胞质。催乳素细胞胞体最大,直径为11.2～13.4 μm,数量多,核小,常偏于一侧;分泌颗粒多而大小不等,充满胞质。旨在为研究摩杂一代水牛生殖泌乳的内分泌调控机制提供形态学基础资料。     

东北梅花鹿血液有形成分电子显微镜观察

东北梅花鹿血液有形成分的种类及基本结构与其他哺乳动物类似.其本身特点:红细胞形态除有圆饼状外,还含有一定数量的所谓“圆口状”细胞,红细胞无核,胞质均质,电子密度较高;中性粒细胞的嗜中性颗粒有椭圆形、圆形和杆状等多种形态,而且电子密度低;嗜酸粒细胞的嗜酸性颗粒只有一种,颗粒为圆球状,不含有蛋白结晶体;嗜碱粒细胞数量极少,其颗粒的数量亦较少,颗粒内含有更微细的小颗粒;血小板无核,内含有两种颗粒,即①特殊颗粒,数量较多,基质电子密度较高,②致密颗粒,数量较少,含有致密芯,呈牛眼状;此外胞质还有少量的线粒体和大量的核糖体等.     

鸭病毒性肠炎病毒CH强毒株感染鸭胚成纤维细胞的超微结构观察

通过超薄切片和透射电子显微镜技术对鸭病毒性肠炎病毒（DEV）CH强毒株在鸭胚成纤维细胞（DEF）中的形态结构进行了研究。结果发现，DEVCH强毒株病毒核酸呈圆形颗粒状，直径35～45nm，在胞核内常集中分布；病毒核衣壳呈圆形．直径90～100nm．在胞核和胞浆内都有分布；DEV核衣壳可根据所含核酸形态的差异分为空心核衣壳、内壁附有颗粒型核衣壳、同心圆形核衣壳和实心核衣壳；成熟的病毒粒子具有囊膜和皮层结构．呈圆形．直径150～300nm，存在于胞浆空泡内；DEV可在DEF中分别形成胞浆内和胞核内包涵体结构；伴随子代病毒在细胞内的出现，胞浆内迁出现豆英状、马蹄形、半圆形、圆形、同心圆形等与病毒发生有关的电子致密结构。     

黑熊血液有形成分显微及亚微结构的研究

利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术对5只黑熊血液有形成分进行了系统观察.结果表明:红细胞为圆饼状,直径为7.4μm,胞质均质,电子密度中等,未见有任何细胞器,中性粒细胞胞质内含有大量体积较小、形态多样、电子密度不同的中性颗粒,嗜酸粒细胞胞质内的嗜酸性颗粒含有纵向排列、电子密度高的长方形晶体;嗜碱粒细胞除含有体积较大、内含小粒的嗜碱性颗粒外,还含有数量较多体积较小的颗粒;单核细胞和淋巴细胞与其他种哺乳动物相应细胞形态结构类似;血小板体积较小,直径为3μm,无核,基质内含有两种颗粒,即一种是体积较大,且电子密度较高的致密颗粒,另一种为体积较小,内有芯样结构的特殊颗粒.     

Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of interrenal gland and chromaffin cell of matrinxã, Brycon cephalus Gunther 1869 (Teleostei-Characidae)

This work presents the structure and ultrastructure of the interrenal gland and chromaffin cells, as well as the morphology of the head kidney of Brycon cephalus. The head kidney is composed of fused bilateral lobes located anterior to the swim bladder and ventrolateral to the spinal column. The parenchyma revealed lympho-haematopoietic tissue, melano-macrophage centres, interrenal gland and chromaffin cells. The interrenal gland consisted of cords or strands of cells grouped around the posterior cardinal vein and their branches. Chromaffin cells are found in small groups, closely associated with the interrenal gland and/or under the endothelium of the posterior cardinal vein. So far, the ultrastructural analysis has revealed only one interrenal cell type which contained abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae, characteristic of steroid-producing cells. Two types of chromaffin cells were observed. The first type was characterized by the presence of vesicles with round, strongly electron-dense granules, which were eccentrically located. Such cells were interpreted as noradrenaline cells. Meanwhile, cells which contained smaller vesicles and electron-lucent granules, with a small halo separating the granule from the vesicular limiting membrane, were identified as adrenaline cells.     

Ultrastructural study of sheep lacrimal glands.

Sheep lacrimal glands are mixed glands, consisting of tubulo-acinar units succeeded by ducts of simple morphology. The secretory portions consist of three cell types: mucous, seromucous and serous, which may be intermingled in the same acinus or may form acini wholly made of only serous or mucous cells. Mucous cells show a rough endoplasmic reticulum that is reduced to a few cisternae located near the cell base and among the interstices of the secretory droplets. Mucous granules appear uniformly electron-lucent. Serous cells display a typical structure; serous granules can be uniformly electron-dense or composed of dense inclusions dispersed in an electron-lucent matrix. The seromucous granules have a bizonal substructure: a dense core is embedded in a highter matrix. Secretory acini are succeeded by intercalated ducts; the epithelium of these ducts gradually increases in height to form a kind of excretory duct, without the intervention of striated ducts.     

An ultrastructural study of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in sheep

The ultrastructural appearance at primary and metastatic sites of ten ovine small intestinal adenocarcinomas was that of scirrhous tubular adenocarcinoma. Polygonal undifferentiated tumor cells had desmosomes, folded nuclei, and moderate numbers of mitochondria but few other organelles. More differentiated cells were columnar with apical microvilli and basal nuclei. They contained granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and secretory granules. Microvillus-lined intracytoplasmic lumina (5-10 micron diameter), fibrous filaments (10 nm diameter, up to 1.4 micron length) and tubular paracrystalline arrays (hexagonal symmetry, 37-nm periodicity) in lumina and secretory granules were seen in some tumor cells in all ten sheep.     

Morphology of blood cells in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The morphology of blood cells in the carp was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes were identified as the peripheral blood cells. Thrombocytes were round to long oval, each containing vesicular and microtubular structures and an oval nucleus with abundant heterochromatins. Lymphocytes were divided into three types in size, small, medium and large. Some of the small and medium lymphocytes were alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) positive, while large lymphocytes were pyroninophilic. Granulocytes were distinguished into three types (type I, type II and type III) according to the morphology of the nucleus and granules. Type I granulocytes possessed lobulated nuclei and a large number of cytoplasmic granules, each of which was oval and contained electron-dense materials and a crystalloid. Type II granulocytes had small eccentric nuclei and were subdivided into IIa and IIb granulocytes by electron microscopic analysis. Granules of type IIa granulocytes were furnished with an electron-dense rim. Granules of type IIb granulocytes were larger than those of type IIa, containing randomly distributed electron-dense and electron-lucent materials. Type III granulocytes possessed round nuclei and a few large granules. The granules were filled with regularly arranged fibriform materials and some needle-like structures. Monocytes were morphologically similar to those of mammals.     

A light and electron microscopic study of a normal adrenal medulla and a pheochromocytoma from a horse.

The outer medullary (juxtacortical) zone of a normal equine adrenal gland had columnar chromaffin-positive cells arranged with their long axes perpendicular to fine vascular channels. The deeper medullary regions were composed of smaller irregularly round to polygonal chromaffin positive cells in small packets. Both cell types contained two types of membrane-bound cytoplasmic secretory granules. Osmiophilic granules with a homogeneous core, crenated membrane and narrow submembranous halo predominated in the columnar juxtacortical cells. The rounder, central medullary cells contained predominantly electron dense granules with a wide irregular electron lucent space between an eccentric core and the granule membrane. In contrast, irrespective of cell type or zone, cells from a pheochromocytoma contained only one type of granule similar to that described for the juxtacortical region of the normal equine adrenal medulla. The tumor cells could be classified into three subtypes based on density of granule packing but the granules were morphologically similar in all tumor cells.     

Ultrastructure of phagocytes from mammary glands of non-pregnant heifers

Results of ultramicroscopic investigations of phagocytes isolated from non-secreting and aberrantly secreting juvenile mammary glands of non-pregnant heifers are presented. The two types of phagocytes observed in cell suspensions obtained by lavage of mammary gland cavities were polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were spherical or irregular in shape and contained segmented nuclei. Azurophilic and specific electron-dense granules, mitochondria, glycogen particles, phagosomes and phagolysosomes in cytoplasma and characteristic pseudopodia on the cell surface were observed. In addition to these normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, degenerating cells, characterized by spherical nuclei, total absence of pseudopodia, merged nuclear segments and altered granules, other cellular organelles and plasmalemma were present. Two types of macrophages, i.e. vacuolized and non-vacuolized, could be distinguished. Typical of the non-vacuolized type was a kidney-shaped nucleus, a rich Golgi complex and a large amount of lysosomes in the cytoplasm. The vacuolized macrophages contained a large amount of electron-dense vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Unlike non-secreting glands, the cell suspensions collected from aberrantly secreting juvenile mammary glands contained only vacuolized macrophages. The vacuolization results from phagocytosis of corpuscular particles of aberrant milk plasma.     

雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存结构的研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,系统观察雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存情况,显示与精子储存有关组织结构与细胞形态。结果表明,精子储存在雌性中华鳖输卵管的蛋白分泌部后部至子宫部,但各段的组织结构及精子储存量存在一定差别。蛋白分泌部后部上皮较发达,由典型的高柱状纤毛细胞和分泌细胞构成,固有膜中腺体多为泡状腺。上皮和腺体中含有大量高密度的膜性分泌颗粒,此段只有少量的精子储存。峡部较窄且固有膜内无腺体,上皮排列紧密并呈迷路样迂回分布,上皮细胞内高电子密度分泌颗粒成团集中分布在核上方。峡部管腔中分布着大量的精子,靠近管腔的精子或精子头部嵌入上皮纤毛之间或顶端凹陷的胞质中,且精子嵌入部分的细胞结构保持完整。子宫前部形成垂直于管腔的储精小管(SST),子宫上皮及此段SST上皮的分泌颗粒电子密度不均,含高密度电子致密斑,腺体中的分泌颗粒也呈现不同的内部结构。子宫部及SST的管腔中储存有大量精子。这些区段复杂的细胞结构及分泌活动,可能在精子储存中发挥重要作用。     

Intranasal tumor of the ethmoid olfactory mucosa in sheep.

Intranasal tumors (papillary adenomas or adenocarcinomas) of the ethmoid olfactory mucosa of sheep were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The fine structure of the tumor cells was characterized by the presence of numerous secretory granules. Viral particles, which were morphologically similar to a visna-maedi virus, were detected in all tumor tissues and in 3 of 4 cultures examined. The particles (about 97 nm) had an eccentrically located electron-dense core and numerous spikes on their surfaces. The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities in the tumor cells or the cultured cell from the tumor were greater than those in the normal intranasal tissues or the cultured cells from the choroid plexus. Viral particles similar to herpesvirus were also detected in 1 culture.