氯霉素单克隆抗体的制备及ELISA检测方法的建立

本研究旨在建立检测动物源性食品中氯霉素(CAP)残留的间接竞争ELISA(ci-ELISA)方法。在CAP羟基(-OH)位点上引入活性基团羧基(-COOH)得到氯霉素半琥珀酸酯(CAP-HS);采用混合酸酐法将CAP-HS分别与BSA和OVA偶联合成人工免疫原CAP-HS-BSA和包被抗原CAP-HS-OVA,用CAP-HS-BSA免疫BALB/c小鼠,间接ELISA和ci-ELISA筛选细胞融合备用鼠;应用杂交瘤技术制备抗CAP单克隆抗体;以CAP单克隆抗体为基础、CAP-HS-OVA为检测原建立ci-ELISA方法。结果显示,试验成功筛选获得一株稳定分泌抗CAP抗体的杂交瘤细胞株(2C4),抗体效价为4.8×10-5,利用2C4腹水优化得到ci-ELISA最佳试验条件:0.4μg/mL CAPHS-OVA 37℃包被2h;5%猪血清37℃封闭1h;1∶6.4×104 CAP单克隆抗体37℃孵育15min;1∶1 000羊抗鼠酶标二抗(GaMIgG-HRP)37℃孵育30min;室温显色9min。绘制的CAP残留ci-ELISA标准曲线为典型的S型,与4参数logit拟合曲线相吻合,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.53ng/mL。添加回收试验结果显示,阴性鱼肉、牛奶的回收率分别为93.3%~96.6%和93.7%~96.8%,批内变异系数分别为2.3%~5.0%和2.2%~4.6%,批间变异系数分别为2.7%~4.1%和2.3%~3.6%。HPLC对比试验结果显示,ci-ELISA与HPLC的测定结果无显著差异。本试验成功建立了CAP的ELISA残留检测方法,该方法具有较高的灵敏度、准确度和精密度,可满足动物源性食品中CAP残留检测要求。     

抗头孢氨苄单克隆抗体的制备与初步应用

为制备抗头孢氨苄（cephalexin,CEX）的单克隆抗体并建立鲜奶中CEX残留检测的ELISA方法,本试验采用戊二醛两步法分别将CEX与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、卵清白蛋白（OVA）偶联,用合成的CEX-BSA作为免疫原免疫BALB/c雌鼠;5次免疫后,应用杂交瘤细胞融合技术建立并筛选出两株（2G4、5B3）分泌抗CEX单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibodies,McAb）的杂交瘤细胞株,将2G4细胞株注入BALB/c小鼠腹腔制备腹水,并对腹水进行纯化及鉴定。结果显示,2G4腹水效价大于1∶1.28×10⁵,其抗体亚型为IgG2b（κ）,亲和力常数K=1.51×10⁹ L/mol;交叉试验结果显示,该单克隆抗体除了与头孢拉定有52.55%的交叉反应率外,与头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢噻吩、青霉素、链霉素、四环素均无明显交叉反应;建立了测定鲜奶样品中CEX的ELISA方法,线性范围为20~1 000 ng/mL,线性方程y=0.4674x-0.5359（R²=0.9909）,检测下限为19.68 ng/mL,平均回收率为91.31%,平均变异系数低于15%,低于中国及欧盟规定的头孢氨苄最高残留限量,具有一定的应用前景。     

抗氯霉素单克隆抗体的制备及其化学发光酶免疫法的建立

以人工合成的氯霉素-牛血清白蛋白(CAP-HS-BSA)免疫Balb/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术获得了一株分泌抗氯霉素单克隆抗体(CAP-McAb)的杂交瘤细胞5D7,并对其进行效价、亲和力和特异性测定。结果显示,其分泌的抗体亚类为IgG1,间接ELISA检测细胞培养上清效价为1∶512,诱生的腹水经纯化后效价为1∶2×105,亲和常数为3.6×108L/mol;应用上述单抗建立的检测氯霉素的化学发光酶免疫分析法(ci-CLIA),其检测范围为0.001μg/L~10μg/L,检出限达0.0025μg/L,IC50为39.6μg/L,且与L-苯丙氨酸、L-酪氨酸、青霉素、四环素、庆大霉素等的交叉反应率均小于0.01%,可满足我国对水产品中氯霉素残留检测的要求。     

H1N1亚型猪流感病毒单克隆抗体IPMA检测方法的建立

本试验旨在建立一种针对检测抗H1N1亚型猪流感病毒单克隆抗体的免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验（immunoperoxidase monolayer assay,IPMA）筛选方法。通过优化MDCK细胞接毒量、细胞接毒后培养时间、封闭液的种类和工作浓度、工作时间等各个反应条件,并对建立的IPMA筛选方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行评价。结果显示,建立的IPMA检测方法的最优反应条件为MDCK细胞接毒10^2.63 TCID₅₀/100 μL H1N1亚型猪流感病毒,37℃培养24 h,含3‰ H₂O₂的甲醇室温固定15 min,5%脱脂乳37℃封闭2 h,50 μL杂交瘤细胞上清作为一抗,37℃孵育2 h,羊抗鼠HRP-IgG二抗37℃孵育1 h。所建立的IPMA方法能特异性地检测H1N1亚型猪流感病毒单克隆抗体,与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）和猪瘟病毒（CSFV）阳性血清不发生交叉反应;其敏感性检测结果显示,可检测1：3 200的HI=2^-9标准H1N1猪阳性血清;批间和批内重复性试验结果较好。综上所述,本试验成功建立了抗H1N1亚型猪流感病毒单克隆抗体的IPMA检测方法,该方法特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,为生产鉴定H1N1亚型猪流感病毒单克隆抗体提供了一种简便、实用、有效的检测手段。     

定量检测牛奶中蛋白质ELISA方法的建立

本试验旨在建立特异检测牛奶蛋白质含量的ELISA方法。利用提纯酪蛋白免疫试验动物,获得针对酪蛋白的多克隆抗体;利用棋盘格试验确定抗原抗体的最佳作用浓度,并优化各步骤反应条件;根据标准样品建立牛奶中蛋白质含量的定量ELISA检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性、检测范围及重复性进行评价。通过试验确定封闭液为1% BSA,37 ℃孵育120 min;血清抗体工作浓度为1∶12000稀释,37 ℃孵育90 min;酶标二抗最适浓度为1∶3000稀释,37 ℃孵育30 min。牛奶酪蛋白检出范围为0.063~0.500 μg/mL;该方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性,回归率范围为97.6%~123%。成功建立了牛奶蛋白含量的定量ELISA检测方法。     

抗氯霉素单克隆抗体的制备及其特性

用重氮化法人工合成氯霉素-牛血清蛋白（CAP-BSA）抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术将免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,建立了分泌抗CAP单克隆抗体（McAb）的杂交瘤细胞株.经检测、鉴定,筛选出5株高亲和力的杂交瘤细胞株,其腹水效价均高于1：10^6,且5株杂交瘤细胞株分泌的单抗与其他几种抗生素无交叉反应,可用于氯霉素的快速检测.     

沙拉沙星间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫检测方法的建立

为建立动物源性食品中沙拉沙星（SAR）残留的快速检测方法,本试验通过对盐酸沙拉沙星进行分子改造和偶联蛋白合成完全免疫原,免疫小鼠制备SAR单克隆抗体。通过棋盘法确定最佳包被原浓度及一抗稀释度,优化确定最佳反应条件,从而建立间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫（ic-CLEIA）检测方法,并通过灵敏度、精密度、交叉反应率、添加回收试验对该方法进行评价。紫外扫描结果显示,完全免疫原偶联成功;制备的SAR单克隆抗体效价达1：4×10⁶;包被原浓度为0.25 μg/mL,抗体稀释比为1：750 000,4 ℃包被过夜,5%脱脂乳封闭,竞争孵育1 h,酶标二抗稀释比为1：10 000,孵育1 h为ic-CLEIA最佳反应条件;建立的ic-CLEIA方法标准曲线呈线性,线性范围为0.0625~10 ng/mL,R²=0.995,灵敏度IC₅₀为1.45 ng/mL;其平均批内和批间变异系数均<10%;除与二氟沙星的交叉反应率达到98.08%以外,与其他氟喹诺酮类药物的交叉反应率均<8%,与其他非氟喹诺酮类药物均无交叉反应;SAR标准溶液的最低检测限（LOD）为0.32 ng/mL,SAR在鸡肉样品中的LOD为0.46 μg/kg;添加回收率在88.3%~106.7%范围内,其变异系数≤12.2%。结果表明,本研究建立的ic-CLEIA方法检测速度快、灵敏度高,适用于动物源性食品中SAR残留的大量检测,为SAR残留检测提供了新的方法。     

牛奶中玉米赤霉烯酮和氯霉素二合一检测芯片的开发研究

为了开发出能同时检测玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和氯霉素(CAP)的二合一免疫芯片,试验首先制备抗ZEN的单克隆抗体,并结合抗CAP多克隆抗体采用间接竞争ELISA方法进行芯片组装,最终确定定量标准曲线,并进行加标样品的检测。结果表明:共筛选得到3株抗ZEN的单克隆抗体(1C5、2B10、4F3),选择其中的1株杂交瘤细胞1C5制备小鼠腹水,抗体效价为5.12×10~4,半抑制浓度(IC_(50))为6.57 ng/mL。试验建立的免疫芯片对ZEN和CAP的最低检测限分别为2.84 ng/mL、9.49 ng/mL。在牛奶加标回收试验中,ZEN回收率为95.2%～109.8%,CAP回收率为95.1%～100.3%,回收率均较高,且与高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测结果有良好的相关性,变异系数(CV)小于15.0%。说明该芯片能用于检测实际样品中的ZEN和CAP。     

氯霉素残留检测阻断ELISA试剂盒的研制及性能测定

在建立氯霉素单克隆抗体（CAP mAb）杂交瘤细胞株和阻断ELISA方法的基础上．研制出CAP残留快速检测试剂盒（CAP-kit），并对其性能进行了测定。结果表明，CAP-kit的标准曲线呈典型的S型，符合4参数logit曲线拟合，相关系数R^2=0．9953，检测范围为1．0μg/L～128．0μg/L，灵敏度为0．85μg／L，半数抑制浓度（IC50）为7．54μg/L，检测限为1．0μg/L；牛奶样、猪肉样的平均添加回收率为88．3％、82．5％，平均批内和批间变异系数均〈15％；CAP-kit与氯霉素琥珀酸钠的交叉反应（CR％）为150％，与其它酰胺醇类和抗菌素药物无交叉反应；试剂盒在4℃可保存6个月。     

雌二醇单克隆抗体制备及间接竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立敏感、特异、快速的雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）残留免疫检测方法,本研究利用雌二醇人工抗原（E₂-BSA）免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备特异性雌二醇单克隆抗体,利用高效价、高特异性单克隆抗体建立间接竞争ELISA（icELISA）方法。结果显示,试验成功筛选获得一株稳定分泌抗雌二醇抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（3H3）,抗体效价可达1∶320 000,利用3H3腹水抗体优化间接竞争icELISA反应条件,检测抗体的敏感度,IC₅₀为1.636 ng/mL,IC₂₀~IC₈₀线性范围为0.202~13.281 ng/mL。雌二醇腹水抗体与雌三醇、乙炔雌二醇的交叉反应率分别达0.31%和0.25%,而与雌酮、戊酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、炔雌醚、己烯雌酚、壬基酚的交叉反应率均<0.1%。结果表明,利用本研究制备的单克隆抗体建立雌二醇间接竞争ELISA检测方法,可满足食品中雌二醇残留高灵敏度的检测要求。     

猪瘟病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及优化

以原核表达、纯化的猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2主要抗原区蛋白为目标检测物,通过对各反应条件的筛选和优化,建立了检测CSFV抗体的间接ELISA检测方法。结果表明,本研究的最佳抗原包被浓度和最佳血清稀释度分别为1.0 μg/mL和1:200;最佳抗原包被条件和最佳封闭时间均为37 ℃ 1 h;最佳酶标二抗稀释度和作用时间分别为1:10 000和37 ℃ 45 min;阴性临界值判断标准为当D450nm<0.30时猪血清样品为CSFV抗体阴性;批内和批间重复试验变异系数分别为4.8%和6.9%,表明该检测方法具有较高的稳定性;特异性试验结果表明,间接ELISA方法与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒(PCV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)阳性血清均无交叉反应;应用该间接ELISA方法随机检测80份猪血清样品,与进口阻断ELISA试剂盒相比其阳性符合率为83.58%,阴性符合率为76.92%,总体符合率为80.25%。结果表明本试验建立的间接ELISA方法具有很好的临床应用价值。     

Development and Optimization of Indirect ELISA Detection Method of Classical Swine Fever Virus Antibody

In this study,through a series of screening and optimization of reactions condition,an indirect ELISA method was developed for detections the antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) with the purified recombinant CSFV E2 protein.The results showed that the optimal concentration for coating antigen was 1.0 μg/mL and incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 h.The proper serum sample was diluted by 1:200 and the sealing time was 37 ℃ for 1 h.Enzyme labeled second antibody was diluted by 1:10 000 and the reaction time was 45 min incubating at 37 ℃.The D450 nm<0.30 of sample defined as negative of CSFV antibody in the serum sample.The intra-batch and inter-batch variation coefficients were 4.8% and 6.9%,respectively.It indicated that the method in this study had a high stability.Specific test showed that the indirect ELISA had no crossing reactions with the antibodies against PRV,PRRSV,PCV and PPV.80 serum samples were detected in this study,the positive coincidence rate of indirect ELISA was 83.58%,the negative coincidence rate was 76.92%,and the total coincidence rate was 80.25% compared to the results of import blocking ELISA kit.The results suggested that the established indirect ELISA method in this study had an excellent clinical application.     

克伦特罗单克隆抗体的研制及初步鉴定

为制备克伦特罗(clenbuterol,CL)单克隆抗体,鉴定其特性,采用重氮化法合成克伦特罗-人血清白蛋白(CL-HSA)作为免疫原免疫小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术建立杂交瘤细胞株,利用体内诱生法制备单克隆抗体,用间接ELISA和间接竞争ELISA分别测定抗体效价和特异性.将细胞反复冻存和传代,考察稳定性.获得细胞株C611...     

高灵敏度酶联免疫法快速检测动物源性产品中氯霉素残留的研究

本试验旨在应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测动物组织中氯霉素的残留。根据试剂盒操作说明对样本进行前处理,样品中的氯霉素与氯霉素酶结合物竞争结合酶标板微孔中固相化的氯霉素特异性抗体,根据酶催化显色剂显色的深浅来判断样品中氯霉素含量。试验结果显示,该方法对样品的检测限在0.1 μg/kg以下;以20~300 ng/kg浓度的氯霉素添加到动物源性产品中,其回收率范围74.4%~105.4%;变异系数在15%以下。结果表明建立的ELISA试剂盒能满足检测动物源性产品中氯霉素残留的需要。     

去氢甲睾酮ELISA试剂盒的研制

以实验室自主研发的一株能稳定分泌去氢甲睾酮单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株为基础,应用ELISA原理研制去氢甲睾酮残留快速检测试剂盒,并对试剂盒特性进行测定。结果表明,该试剂盒标准曲线的回归方程为y=-0.205 5x+0.516(R2=0.993 1),线性检测范围为0.1ng/mL～100ng/mL,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为3.20ng/mL,对猪肉加标样品的检测回收率在87.41%±5.44%～110.70%±2.05%之间,试剂盒检测与去氢甲睾酮结构类似物丙酸睾酮酯、群勃龙的交叉反应率均小于1%;试剂盒在4℃能稳定保存6个月。说明试剂盒能够应用于食品中残留去氢甲睾酮的快速检测。     

柱状黄杆菌双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid method for the detection of Flavobacterium columnaris based on a double antibody sandwich ELISA （DAS-ELISA）. Purified monoclonal antibody against Flavobacterium columnaris was used as the capture antibody, while polyclonal antibody was used as the detection antibody. The optimal conditions for the ELISA were as follows: monoclonal antibody with 0.08 μg per well was added to coat overnight at 4 ℃; the plate was blocked by 30 g/L bovin serum albumin for 90 min at 37 ℃; incubation concentration of polyclonal antibody was 0.11 μg per well; the incubation time for detection antigen, polyclonal antibody and enzyme labeled antibody was 1 h at 37 ℃ for each; the value of D_{492 nm} was obtained after 15 min coloration. Judging with P/N≥2.1 and D_{492 nm}≥0.776 as positive criteria. This method had no cross reaction with Edwardsiella tarda, E. coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Its minimum detectable limit was 1×10³ CFU. Therefore, this study provided a specific and sensitive detection method for Flavobacterium columnaris for the first time.     

Preparation and Preliminary Application of Anti-cephalexin Monoclonal Antibody

The aim of the study was to prepare a monoclonal antibody (McAb) against cephalexin(CEX),and preliminarily establish an ELISA method to detect residues of CEX in milk. The CEX was conjugated to carrier bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) by two-step glutaraldehyde method. BALB/c mice were immunized with the prepared CEX-BSA conjugate. After five times immunization, we built and screened two strains of hybridoma cells (2G4 and 5B3) which secreted McAb against CEX by hybridoma technology.The 2G4 cell lines were injected into BALB/c mouse's abdominal cavity to produce ascites. Finally the ascites were purified and identified. The results showed that antibody titer of the McAb 2G4 was above 1∶1.28×10⁵,its antibody subtype was IgG2b(κ) and affinity constant K was 1.51×10⁹ L/mol. The cross experiment result evidenced that the cross reaction rate of cefradine was 52.55%, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cephalothin, penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline had no cross reaction. We established an ELISA method to detect CEX residues in milk and its linear range was 20 to 1 000 ng/mL, linear equation y=0.4674x-0.5359(R²=0.9909), its limit of detection (LOD) was 19.68 ng/mL and the average recovery rate was 91.31%, the average coefficient of variation was below 15%. The detection limit was lower than the maximum residue limit of cefalexin in China and European Union. So this detection method might have good application foreground.     

Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibody Against Swainsonine

In this test,BALB/c mice were immunized by SW-OVA for the preparation of monoclonal antibody against swainsonine (SW). Hybridoma cells that could secrete specific antibody against SW were prepared by hybridoma technique,and then the strain that secreted monoclonal antibody against SW designated 1F10 was prepared,and the chromosome average number of 1F10 cell was 45 to 50 couples. The ELISA titers of cell supernatant were 1:25 600, and that of ascites were 1:80 000.The subclasses of monoclonal antibody was IgG1,and the affinity constant was 1.14×10¹⁰,the purity of ascites antibodies was up to 98%,and the recovery rate was 80%.The result of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis proved that purified antibody had been obtained that the molecular weight of H-chain and L-chain of antibody was about 50 and 25 ku. The monoclonal antibody against SW specifically bound to SW determined by Western blotting. The linear range was 4 to 128 μg/mL (R²=0.9969) and no cross-reactivity was detected with BSA,gelatin,polylysine,me-Gal,etc. The result laid the foundation for immunodetection on SW and immunological prevention of animal toxic disease.