缓释复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪消化道酸度及肠道功能的影响

本试验选用28 R龄断奶、平均体质量(7.00±0.10)kg的长白猪(♂)×大白猪(♂)二元杂交仔猪64头,按单因索试验设计原则,研究在玉米一豆粕一膨化大豆型基础日粮中添加不同类型(包被未包被)复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪胃肠道酸度、生产性能、肠组织形态、消化酶活性、肠道微生物菌群及肠黏膜抗体SIgA的影响.试验设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各半),饲养试验时间为35 d.结果表明,微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂可以极显著降低断奶仔猪胃和小肠pH(P＜0.01);极显著提高空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(P＜0.01);断奶前期,显著提高小肠蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性(P＜0.05);断奶后期,极显著提高仔猪盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量(P＜0.01);微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂还有增加仔猪肠黏膜抗体SIgA分泌量的趋势(P＞0.05).结果提示,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂,可以通过降低肠道pH,优化肠道微生物区系,改善肠组织形态和功能,从而提高断奶仔猪肠道的消化力和适应性,并促进仔猪生长.     

不同类型酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能影响的研究

试验选择28日龄发育正常、健康良好的三元杂交杜大长断奶仔猪96头,根据胎次、性别、体重随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头。四组分别为:Ⅰ组(对照组)为添加0.2%复合酸化剂日粮组;Ⅱ组为添加0.5%复合酸化剂日粮组;Ⅲ组为添加1.2%柠檬酸日粮组;Ⅳ组为添加0.2%微胶囊型包被复合酸化剂日粮组。试验期为30d,研究不同类型酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验结果表明:断奶仔猪日粮添加0.5%的复合酸化剂和添加1.2%的柠檬酸可显著提高仔猪的日增重和饲料效率,降低仔猪腹泻率,添加0.2%微胶囊型包被复合酸化剂的效果最佳,而添加0.2%的复合酸化剂对仔猪的生长性能和腹泻方面未起到相应效果。     

中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻影响的研究

为了降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,提高断奶仔猪生产性能,从而提高养猪经济效益。试验选择21日龄断奶仔猪104头,随机分成4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。在试验期内分别在日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%中草药添加剂,研究中草药对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响。结果表明：添加1.0%中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪的采食量、日增重、饲料转化率及腹泻率的影响显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组。说明在日粮中添加适量中草药可以提高断奶仔猪生产性能和降低断奶仔猪腹泻率。     

中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻影响的研究

为了降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,提高断奶仔猪生产性能,从而提高养猪经济效益。试验选择21日龄断奶仔猪104头,随机分成4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。在试验期内分别在日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%中草药添加剂,研究中草药对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响。结果表明:添加1.0%中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪的采食量、日增重、饲料转化率及腹泻率的影响显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组。说明在日粮中添加适量中草药可以提高断奶仔猪生产性能和降低断奶仔猪腹泻率。     

肠溶氧化锌微球在断奶仔猪养殖中的应用研究

试验选用28日龄体况相近的健康断奶仔猪75头,随机分为5组,分别为对照组和分别添1 600 mg/kg氧化锌、500 mg/kg肠溶氧化锌、1 000 mg/kg肠溶氧化锌和1 500 mg/kg肠溶氧化锌试验组,分析肠溶氧化锌微球对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和肠道微生物菌群的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,在仔猪日粮中添加氧化锌和肠溶氧化锌都能显著(P0.05)提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率。其中,添加500 mg/kg的肠溶氧化锌组,日增重分别比氧化锌组和对照组提高了5.40%和13.20%,料重比分别比氧化锌组和对照组降低了6.62%和12.96%,同时有效地提高直肠中乳酸杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌菌数。试验结果可见,在仔猪日粮中添加500 mg/kg肠溶氧化锌可显著提高断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻率,可替代1 600 mg/kg氧化锌使用,从而减少锌用量,减轻环境污染。     

包膜肠溶性氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验主要研究包膜肠溶性氧化锌在低剂量添加情况下对断奶仔猪生长及健康水平的影响.选体态相近,健康状况良好的28日龄断奶三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪396头,按照体重相近、遗传相近的原则,完全随机分为4组,每组4个重复,平均每个重复24头猪.分别在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加0.05％、0.10％、0.15％包膜肠溶性氧化锌和0.25％氧化锌的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验期为14 d.结果表明,添加包膜肠溶性锌的断奶仔猪,其生长性能优于添加氧化锌组,而且仔猪的生长性能随着包膜肠溶性氧化锌添加量的增加而提高.但是在低剂量添加时(0.05％和0.10％)出现少量腹泻情况.因此,为了获得更好、更稳定的使用效果,我们建议包膜肠溶性氧化锌的添加量为0.2％.     

苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元微胶囊的工艺研究

以抑制仔猪致病性大肠杆菌效果优异的猪源唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)、两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)为益生菌和苦豆籽粕为益生素,通过海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包被技术将益生菌和益生素做成1个微胶囊整体.工艺1和工艺3制作的产品活菌数分别达到1.1×10 9和5,2×107 CFU/g,人工胃液和人工肠液处理后的活菌数分别为2.5×108和1.9×107 CFU/g,常温保存90 d后活菌数分别为3.7×107和1.2×106 CFU/g.该结果为防治仔猪早期断奶腹泻、仔猪黄白痢的生产应用提供了科学依据.     

肠佳与氧化锌对断奶仔猪腹泻的控制效果对比试验

为探究肠佳能否在生产上替代氧化锌以预防断奶仔猪腹泻，选取28日龄断奶仔猪66头，随机分成2组，在基础饲料中分别添加肠佳和氧化锌，饲养至56日龄。试验数据显示，肠佳组的平均日增重、肝脏占体重比值、十二指肠绒毛长度、回肠绒毛长度显著高于氧化锌组（p<0.05），小肠占体重比值显著低于氧化锌组（p<0.05）。十二指肠隐窝深度极显著低于氧化锌组（p<0.01）。回肠隐窝深度差异不显著（p>0.05）。肠佳组全程腹泻率为4.18%，氧化锌组为7.12%。试验认为，肠佳相对于氧化锌能够更好地促进断奶仔猪肠道发育、提升仔猪的肠道消化吸收效率、促进肝脏生长，说明肠佳替代氧化锌控制断奶仔猪腹泻效果更好。     

苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元微胶囊的研制

以抑制仔猪致病性大肠埃希菌效果优异的猪源唾液乳杆菌(Lactobacillus salivarius)、两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)为益生菌,苦豆籽粕为益生素,通过海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包被技术,将益生菌和益生素做成一个微胶囊整体,活菌数达到1.1×109 cfu/g,人工胃液和人工肠液处理后的活菌数为2.5×108 cfu/g。浸入5g/L壳聚糖溶液中常温保存,120d后活菌数为1.6×107 cfu/g。该结果为防治仔猪早期断奶腹泻、仔猪黄白痢提供了科学依据。     

三颗针提取物对断奶仔猪生长、养分消化率和血清指标的影响

研究了日粮中添加抗生素或不同剂量三颗针提取物对断奶仔猪生长、养分表观消化率和血清指标的影响。选用128头体质量相近的三元杂交断奶仔猪(杜×长×大),随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪,公母各半。对照组饲喂添加100mg/kg土霉素的日粮,3个试验组日粮中分别添加三颗针提取物200、500和1000mg/kg。试验结果表明:与添加土霉素相比,添加200mg/kg和500mg/kg三颗针提取物组仔猪日增重显著提高,500mg/kg三颗针提取物组仔猪料重比和腹泻率显著降低;添加三颗针提取物各组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和有机物表观消化率与添加土霉素组间均没有显著差异,但以500mg/kg组较高,500mg/kg和1000mg/kg三颗针提取物组总磷表观消化率显著高于200mg/kg组和土霉素组,500mg/kg三颗针提取物组仔猪钙表观消化率显著高于土霉素组;200mg/kg和500mg/kg三颗针提取物组仔猪血清ALT、AST活性和TP含量显著高于土霉素组,土霉素组显著高于1000mg/kg组,土霉素组血清GLU含量显著高于添加三颗针提取物组。结果表明,断奶仔猪日粮中添加三颗针提取物能够减少仔猪腹泻、提高仔猪生长性能,达到或超过添加土霉素的促生长效果。日粮中添加500mg/kg的三颗针提取物有利于提高仔猪对日粮的养分表观消化率,提高机体代谢和抗应激能力。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.