江苏大麦品种资源在不同生态区的种植表现及引种可行性探讨

据江苏地方农家品种在全国不同生态点的种植表现，研究品种的生态适应及品种对光温因子的反应，提出了江苏大麦品种资源可适宜引种的地区。     

天顺曲毫绿茶的制作工艺及技术

碧螺春是我国名优绿茶之一，尤以江苏吴县洞庭山所产的碧螺春最闻名。其外形纤细，卷曲如螺，风格独特迥异。上世纪八十年代，我省掀起明前名优绿茶开发热潮。利用茶树品种资源丰富的优势，引进江苏传统碧螺春绿茶加工工艺并在加工制作方面进行一些创新，形成各具特色的曲毫绿茶，适时调整产品结构，取得良好经济效益。近年，尤溪县大面积推广栽培福云6号品种，目前全县拥有近7万多亩茶园，生产的明前绿茶、毛尖、毛峰等已有相当规模，     

乌龙茶新品种在宜兴茶区引种试验报告

无锡市茶叶研究所自1996年起陆续从福建省农科院茶叶研究所引进乌龙茶茶树品种30多个,旨在发展江苏乌龙茶生产、开拓和建设我国又一个乌龙茶产区,并利用这乌龙茶树独特的品种资源,打造江苏高香型红、绿茶产业,为江苏和周边茶区对乌龙茶引种提供了科学依据,现就黄观音、金观音引种宜兴的试验报告如下。     

江苏建立“省茶树品种资源材料圃”

江苏省农林厅确定在无锡茶叶研究所建立“省茶树品种资源材料圃”。江苏产茶历史悠久,历史上盛产名茶。省内有十分丰富的茶树地方品种资源,解放后又从浙、闽、皖、湘等省引进不少茶树良种。但长期以来,尚未系统调查、整理和     

江苏粳稻生产现状及发展对策

从粳稻种植面积、产量水平和品质现状及消费特点等方面阐述了江苏粳稻生产现状,从粳稻生产的资源、品种、技术、效益、产业化等方面分析了发展江苏粳稻生产的优势,针对江苏粳稻生产中存在的制约因素,提出了加快发展粳稻生产的思路、目标与对策措施。     

中美陆地棉育种系统品种（系）性状比较

中美陆地棉育种系统品种（系）性状比较王庆华，失绍琳，李宗岳，姚凤腾，华国雄，陈旭升江苏南京农科院经作所２１００１４１９９０年在江苏盱眙县之河农场（江苏农科院棉花育种基点）进行试验。试验采用５个美国陆地棉育种系统。每个系统选择有代表性的品种（系）４个，...     

江苏省大麦品种资源的生育期及生态适应性表现

江苏地方农家品种在参试的绝大部分生态点中能够正常抽穗成熟，且抗逆性强，表明品种有较好的适应能力。品种生育期长短主要受温度这个限制因子制约，在冬大麦区与积温成负相关，在春、裸麦区与积温成正相关。江苏农家品种属温敏感型，而对日照的敏感程度则较低、品种中以半冬性或弱冬性类型较多，植株普遍较高，但也有如尺八大麦等具有利用价值的矮源。在春、裸大麦区参试品种株高显著低于原产地江苏点。在春大麦区后期光、温、水等条件对品种灌浆结实有利，品种结实率、单穗粒重及千粒重均高于其它麦区。     

湿害对大麦形态和产量影响的探讨

选择耐湿性好的品种对于降水量丰富、地下水位高的地区显得尤为重要，也正是在这些地区，由于长期的自然选择，有着丰富的耐湿资源。在江苏用3年的时间对一批大麦种子进行耐湿性的试验鉴定，研究湿害对大麦生长的影响，结果发现不同品种对湿害表现出不同的外在形态特征与最终产量性状的影响，最终评估出它们对湿害的耐受程度。     

优质强筋小麦品种苏徐2号特征特性及栽培技术

苏徐2号(原代号烟95-9)系江苏农业科学院农业资源与环境研究中心优质小麦课题组利用山东省平度市小麦研究所辐射材料“烟1061-4”(烟C204／雅安745507)，经多年选育而成的优质强筋小麦新品种，2003年8月通过江苏省品种审定委员会审定。徐州市于1999年引进，经试验示范表明，该品种在徐州地区具有高产稳产、综合抗性良好，籽粒营养、加工品质优良等特点，应用前景广阔。     

苏棉7号品种介绍

苏棉７号品种介绍韩世杰，韩广琴，崔世友江苏沿江地区农科所２２６５４１葛知男，冷苏凤江苏省农科院经作所２１００１４苏棉７号（８７－１２４６）由江苏沿江地区农科所和江苏省农科院经作所等单位于１９９１年育成，１９９４年３月经江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定定...     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。