氟苯尼考单剂量腹腔注射和灌服后在鲫体内的药代动力学

将健康鲫150尾随机分成两组,按30mg.kg-1剂量分别单次腹腔注射和灌服氟苯尼考,用高效液相色谱法研究其在鲫体内的药代动力学特征,数据用3p97药代动力学软件分析。结果表明,腹腔液射和灌服两种给药方式的血药经时过程均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。腹腔注射和灌服给药的动力学方程分别为ρ=3.465 5(e-0.51t-e-14.88t)和ρ=7.669 9(e-0.04t-e-0.12t)。药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(3.905±0.056)和(1.803±0.133)mg.L-1.h;分布速率半衰期(t1/2Ka)分别为(0.047±0.001)和(5.962±0.021)h,消除速率半衰期(t1/2Ke)分别为(1.367±0.025)和(16.763±0.017)h,体清除率(CLB)分别为(0.102±0.001)和(0.018±0.017)L.kg-1.h-1,最高血药质量浓度(ρmax)分别为(25.289±2.664)和(42.137±3.887)mg.L-1。     

洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药物动力学和生物利用度研究

50日龄健康岭南三黄肉鸡24只随机分为2组,雌雄各半.分别进行单剂量(10 mg.kg-1)静注和内服洛克沙胂的药物动力学(简称药动学)研究.以反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中洛克沙胂质量浓度,采用WinNonlin 5.2药动学软件的非房室模型统计矩原理分析药物质量浓度-时间数据.鸡静注给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(2.37±0.11)h,Vz=(5.29±0.37)L.kg-1,AUC0-∞=(6.55±0.28)mg.L-1.h,CL=(1.56±0.07)L.h-1.kg-1.内服给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(3.02±0.08)h,tmax=(1.00±0.07)h,Cmax=(1.09±0.08)mg.L-1,AUC0-∞=(2.30±0.10)mg.L-1.h,MRT=(2.44±0.13)h,F=(35.28±1.0)%.洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药动学特征表现:静注分布较为广泛,消除迅速;内服给药后,吸收较快但不完全,生物利用度较低.     

Pharmacokinetics of Quinocetone and Its Major Metabolites in Swine After Intravenous and Oral Administration

The pharmacokinetics of quinocetone and its major metabolites in healthy swine was investigated in this paper.Quinocetone was administered to 8 healthy cross-bread swine intravenously and orally at a dosage of 4 and 40 mg kg-1 body weight respectively in a randomized crossover design test with two-week washout period.A sensitive highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone in plasma.Plasma concentration versus time profiles of quinocetone and its metabolite l-desoxyquinocetone were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis using Winnonlin 5.2 software.Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for quinocetone was found to be (0.56±0.13) μg mL-1 at 2.92 h,after oral administration of quinocetone.Mean maximum concentrations (Cmax) for l-desoxyquinocetone after intravenous or oral administration of quinocetone were (0.0095±0.0012) μg mL-1 at 0.083 h and (0.0067±0.0053) μg mL-1 at 3.08 h.The apparent elimination half-lives (T1/2) for quinocetone and its metabolite 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.24±0.24) and (5.23±0.56) h after intravenous administration of quinocetone and (2.91±0.29) and (11.85±2.89) h after oral administration of quinocetone,respectively.Mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) for quinocetone and 1-desoxyquinocetone were (2.02±0.15) and (0.2±0.002) μg h mL-1 respectively after intravenous administration of quinocetone,and (3.5±0.79) and (0.053±0.03) μg h mL-1 after oral administration of quinocetone,respectively.Quinocetone was rapidly absorbed and metabolized in swine after oral and intravenous administration.The plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of 1-desoxyquinocetone were much smaller than those of quinocetone,while the elimination half-lives (T1/2) were much longer than those of quinocetone after intravenously (i.v.) or oral administration.     

诺氟沙星在奥尼罗非鱼体内的药代动力学及残留研究

在水温(25±2)℃条件下,以20 mg·kg-1鱼体重的剂量给奥尼罗非鱼单次口灌诺氟沙星,高效液相色谱法测定血浆和肌肉组织中的药物浓度,研究诺氟沙星在奥尼罗非鱼体内的代谢及消除规律.结果显示:血药时间数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型,半衰期(T1/2Ka、T1/2α、T1/2β)分别为1.30、1.97、26.36 h,...     

泰妙菌素混悬注射液在猪体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

 【目的】 研究并比较泰妙菌素混悬注射液和泰妙菌素注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 7头健康猪,按随机拉丁方设计,进行单次给药剂量(10 mg•kg-1 b.w)静注、肌注泰妙菌素注射液和肌注泰妙菌素注射混悬液,高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪血浆中泰妙菌素的浓度,罗红霉素作为内标,3P97药动学计算软件处理血浆药物浓度－时间数据。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合无吸收三室开放模型,主要药动学参数为：t1/2β为2.04±0.23 h,t1/2α为0.39±0.06 h,t1/2π为0.12±0.04 h,Vd 为8.73±1.83 L•kg-1,AUC为3.78±0.52μg•mL-1•h-1,ClB为2.99±0.43 L•kg-1•h-1)。猪肌注泰妙菌素注射液的药时数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数分别为：t1/2Ka(0.06±0.01)h,t1/2β(3.67±0.41)h,Tmax(0.18±0.03)h,Cmax(1.32±0.25)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.62±0.21)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为73.51%。猪肌注泰妙菌素混悬液的药时数据则符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数为：t1/2Ka(0.04±0.01)h,t1/2Ke(2.90±0.43)h,Tmax(0.27±0.03)h,Cmax(0.7±0.11)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.80±0.35)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为75.73%。t检验比较肌注泰妙菌素注射液和泰妙菌素注射混悬液的主要药动学参数,结果表明,两者除达峰浓度Cmax有显著差异外,AUC、t1/2Ka、Tmax、t1/2Ke和生物利用度均无显著性差异。【结论】泰妙菌素注射混悬液肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较快的药动学特征。     

Study on Pharmacokinetics of Eprinomectin in Sheep Following Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

A RP-HPLC method was used for the determination of eprinomectin concentration in sheepplasma following i.v. and s.c. administration at a single dose of 0. 2 mg kg-1. Eprinomectin in plasma within2.5 - 200 ng mi-1 ranges had a good linear relationship(R=0. 9968). The average recovery of the method was99.65±3.84%. The RSD% of within-day and between-day assays were less than 10 and 12%, respectively.The extract of plasma samples were loaded onto a C18 catridge. After solvent exchange, the methanol eluatewas derivatized via the addition of 1-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride in acetonitrile. The fluo-rescent derivative was analyzed. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows, for i.v. administra-tion: T1/2β =12. 66± 2. 05 h, AUC0-t = 1.02 ± 0.3 mg h L-1 , fc =0. 13+0.05; for s.c. administration:T1/2sa = 4.42 ±l. 04 h, Cmax =0. 02±0.01 μg mi-1 , Tmax = 15.36 ± 2.91 h, t1/2K=26. 22±9.04 h, AUC0-t= 1.19±0.37 mg h L-1. The results showed that eprinomectin was distributed widely and taken long time toeliminate in sheep after i. v. adminstration. When given subcutaneously, eprinomectin had better absorptionand longer residue time in sheep. Eprinomectin was eliminated much slowly after s. c. adminstration comparedwith i.v. administration.     

Studies on the Injectable Solution of Colistin Sulfate and Its Pharmacokinetics

The present studies were conducted to compose an injectable solution of colistin sulfate containing local anaesthesia, antioxidant and other additions. Results showed that the novel preparation was stable either to heat or to light. The term of validity of the preparation was 2 years at room temperature.The preparation containing 25.0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed no local tissue irritation, but the concentration of 50. 0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed obvious local tissue irritation. Result of acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of intramuscular injection in mice was 38. 72 mg kg-1 , and oral LD50 was 431.39 mg kg-1. The evidence of neurotoxicity was observed in mice in the acute toxicity test. A dose of 10.0 mg kg-1 b.w. or 15:0 mg kg-1 b.w. was administered intramuscularly to piglet once daily for 5 days. No changes were detected in the piglet body except for the slight epithelial tissue's granular degenerations in the kidney and liver at the dose of the 10. 0 mg kg-1. While at the dose of 15.0 mg kg-1 , the obvious neurotoxicity was observed at 4 - 5 days. The epithelial tissues in the kidney and liver showed moderate granular degenerations, especially in the tubuli renales cells. Blood cell's morphosis indexes were normal. With relation to liver's function, the indexes went beyond the normal scope. But with relation to kidney's function, the indexes showed mostly normal.When the preparation was separately administered into muscle(i. m. ) in piglets with the dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w, whose Cmax were 3.73±0. 28 and 6. 40±0. 18 μg ml-1; Tmax were 32±1.5 and 34±1.8min;t1/2β were 256±14 min and 264±29 min, respectively. t1/2β was 251±13 min for the injection given into aural vein(i. v. ) with the dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 b.w.. Samples of the experimentally determined plasma concentration of colistin sulfate generated two-exponential model with first-order absorption. The mean absolute bioavailability coefficient of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w. (i. m. ) were 98. 30 and 88.54%, respectively. The high bioavailability and the long maintaining time of the valid blood-drug concentration showed that the injectable solution was suitable for i.m. in pigs, whose recommended dose was 2.5 mg kg-1 b. w., twice daily.     

盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液在猪体内的药动学研究

8头健康猪按体质量单次深部肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素(5 mg.kg-1林可霉素,10 mg·kg-1大观霉素)混悬注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定林可霉素和大观霉素的血药浓度,使用非房室统计矩分析方法处理得到血药浓度-时间数据.林可霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.21±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(3.38±0.09)h;tmax=(0.29±0.02)h;Cmax=(5.15±0.18)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(10.27±0.38)μg·mL-1.h;MRT=(3.52±0.11)h;ClB/F=(0.46±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(2.26±0.12)L·kg-1.大观霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.43±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(1.64±0.06)h;tmax=(0.44±0.03)h;Cmax=(20.05±0.70)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(51.82±0.98)μg·mL-1·h;MRT=(2.39±0.04)h;ClB/F=(0.19±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(0.46±0.02)L·kg-1.结果表明,肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液后,两药均迅速吸收并快速消除,但后者吸收稍慢,消除较快.     

恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内的组织分布及消除规律

在24～26℃水温条件下,以10 mg.kg-1剂量,用高效液相色谱法检测组织中药物浓度,研究静脉注射和口服给药后恩诺沙星在健康异育银鲫组织内的代谢分布规律。结果表明:静脉注射后,药物在组织中代谢动力学特征符合二室模型;口服给药后,药物吸收良好,生物利用度(F)为86%,组织药物浓度-时间曲线呈现双峰,推测是由于药物在异育银鲫体内的肠肝循环作用所致。静脉注射和口服两种给药方式下,恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内均具有良好的组织分布,肾脏、肌肉、肝胰脏、鳃和血液5种组织中的药物浓度时间曲线下总面积(AUC)分别为624.2、965.9、721.8、298.0、239.6μg·h·mL-1和465.3、343.1、542.9、411.4、205.9μg·h·mL-1,最大药物浓度(Cmax)分别为33.48、16.91、26.44、18.71μg.g-1和15.30μg·mL-1,9.20、5.39、7.78、6.88μg.g-1和4.50μg·mL-1;药物在各组织中消除时间较长,消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为169.0、141.4、113.4、36.7、63.5 h和27.3、49.2、77.0、38.5、62.7 h。结论:恩诺沙星以10 mg.kg-1剂量单次口服给药,对细菌引起的异育银鲫病可以起到较好的治疗作用,但需注意药物残留问题。     

金霉素微囊颗粒在猪体内的比较药动学研究

【目的】采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）建立了金霉素在猪血浆中的药动学检测方法,以三元健康杂交猪为对象,研究了10%和15%金霉素微囊颗粒在猪体内的药物代谢动力学,为金霉素的临床应用提供依据。【方法】16头大长白三元杂交猪,体重(20±2.5)kg,随机分为禁食组和非禁食组2组,采用三药剂三周期三交叉试验设计,分别按10 mg·kg^-1 b.w.静注盐酸金霉素溶液、40 mg·kg^-1 b.w.灌服10%和15%金霉素微囊颗粒。每次给药间隔为7 d,根据试验前设定好的时间点采集血样,分离血浆,进行HPLC-MS/MS测定,血药浓度-时间数据采用WinNonlin5.2.1软件非房室模型处理,计算主要药动学参数。血浆样品用0.1 mol·L^-1 Na₂EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液超声提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,35℃水浴吹干后用甲醇定容,进行HPLC-MS/MS分析测定。色谱柱为CNW C₁₈柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸,梯度洗脱,流速为0.25 mL·min^-1;电喷雾离子源,多级反应监测正离子模式,外标法定量。猪血浆中金霉素的检测限为5 ng·mL^-1,定量限为10 ng·mL^-1,在5—500 ng·mL^-1范围内,方法的线性关系良好,低、中、高三个添加水平下,金霉素的平均回收率为76.90%—89.25%,批内、批间变异系数分别为2.97%—9.45%、6.16%—13.39%。该方法准确、灵敏,适用于金霉素在猪血浆中的测定。【结果】禁食组静注盐酸金霉素溶液主要药动学参数：AUC_0-∞为（57.42±23.53）mg·h·mL^-1,V/F为（5.67±2.12） L·kg^-1,MRT为（13.87±2.00）h,t_1/2为（19.93±5.26）h;分别灌服10%金霉素微囊颗粒和15%金霉素微囊颗粒后主要药动学参数：AUC_0-∞分别为（34.46±10.28 ）mg·h·mL^-1和（33.15±12.76） mg·h·mL^-1,C_max分别为（2.48±1.05） mg·mL^-1和（2.97±1.88 ）mg·mL^-1,T_max分别为（4.88±1.25）h和（3.13±1.55）h,V/F分别为（31.53±15.98）L·kg^-1和（32.30±9.69）L·kg^-1,MRT分别为（19.93±3.83）h和（17.41±1.80）h,t_1/2分别为（16.87±3.49）h和（17.13±3.58）h,F分别为（17.03±0.08）%和（15.82±5.16）%。非禁食组静注盐酸金霉素后药动学参数：AUC_0-∞为（37.58±21.30）mg·h·mL^-1,V/F为（12.59±6.43） L·kg^-1 ,MRT为（22.17±14.47）h,t_1/2为（27.79±12.82）h;分别灌服10%金霉素微囊颗粒和15%金霉素微囊颗粒后药动学参数：AUC_0-∞分别为（20.81±7.46）mg·h·mL^-1和（19.72±5.69）mg·h·mL^-1,C_max分别为（1.02±0.38）mg·mL^-1和（0.95±0.32）mg·mL^-1,T_max分别为（6.38±4.44）h和（8.00±5.24 ）h,V/F分别为（52.40±22.90） L·kg^-1和（52.47±19.69） L·kg^-1,MRT分别为（24.67±9.52）h和（23.37±4.21）h,t_1/2分别为（18.57±10.67）h和（16.64±5.12）h,F分别为（16.07±6.78）%和（15.26±5.26）%。【结论】灌服10%金霉素微囊颗粒（40 mg·mL^-1 b.w.）及15%金霉素微囊颗粒（40 mg·mL^-1 b.w.）后,药物在猪体内吸收缓慢,分布广,消除较慢,生物利用度低。与禁食组相比,非禁食组10%和15%金霉素微囊颗粒达峰时间更慢、峰浓度更低,但表观分布容积更大,生物利用度偏低,但统计学差异不显著。表明饲料不影响金霉素在猪胃肠道中的吸收,但会改变金霉素进入体内的药代动力学过程。     

甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药代动力学比较研究

用健康家兔经口服给药(剂量为30 mg/kg),研究甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素的药动学规律.以RP-HPLC法测定血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理.家兔单剂量口服给药甲砜霉素和HP-β-CD甲砜霉素血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型.甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.05±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.83±0.02)h,t1/2ke(2.27±0.31)h,T(peak)(1.84±0.12)h,C(max)(6.98±0.95)mg/L,AUC(34.98+0.68)mg/(L·h),F(110.74±0.02)%. HP-β-CD甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.02±0.01)h,t1/2ka(0.91±0.16)h,t1/2ke(0.86 ±0.15)h,T(peak)(0.96±0.07)h,C(max)(8.59±0.55)mg/L,AUC(43.02±0.87)mg/(L·h),F(142.07±0.02)%.HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药动学特征表现为分布广泛,消除迅速;口服给药吸收迅速且完全,生物利用度高.     

泽漆乙酸乙酯萃取物对小鼠经口急性毒性

研究了泽漆(Euphorbia helioscopia)乙酸乙酯萃取物的灭鼠毒性,评价了其灌胃GHS毒性类别,并以点斜法测定其灌胃LD50和LD10。结果表明:泽漆乙酸乙酯萃取物属于GHS 3类,有较好的杀鼠活性,其灌胃LD50为314.80 mg·kg-1,95%置信区间是(314.80±38.29)mg·kg-1,最低致死剂量估计值LD10为220.53 mg·kg-1,LD10的95%置信区间是(220.53±35.61)mg·kg-1。萃取物对灌胃的KM小鼠造成了多项生理指标的显著变化,对KM小鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏均造成了不同程度的损伤,并表现出多种明显的中毒症状。     

氟苯尼考颗粒与氟苯尼考粉在猪体内的药物动力学比较

健康猪14头随机分为A、B2组,分别单剂量胃管灌服氟苯尼考粉和颗粒,按体质量给药剂量均为30 mg/kg,进行比较药动学研究.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其血药浓度.采用药动学分析软件WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型处理血药浓度-时间数据.氟苯尼考粉灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(10.22±0.18)h,ke=(0.07±0.01)h-1,tmax=(1.67±0.48)h,Cmax=(24.68±1.13)μg·mL-1,AUC=(190.97±16.60)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(8.33±0.42)h,tcp=(17.66±1.52)h.氟苯尼考颗粒灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(16.36±4.14)h,ke=(0.05±0.01)h-1,tmax=(5.71±0.47)h,Cmax=(12.23±0.78)μg·mL-1,AUC=(155.44±6.59)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(14.96±0.35)h,tcp=(23.03±0.49)h.试验结果表明,与氟苯尼考粉相比,氟苯尼考颗粒的消除半衰期更长,有效血药浓度维持时间也较长.     

不同给药方式下培氟沙星在鲤体内的药代动力学研究

在水温为18℃下,按10 mg/kg（体质量）对体质量为（200±30）g的福瑞鲤Cyprinus carpio单次肌肉注射和混饲口灌培氟沙星,于不同时间点采集鲤血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏组织,经超高液相色谱法测定各组织中培氟沙星的浓度,并采用DAS 3.0药物代谢动力学软件的非房室模型统计矩方法分析药时数据。结果表明：混饲口灌给药和肌注给药后,培氟沙星的药时曲线下面积（ AUC）分别为88.35、139.9 mg·h/L,达峰浓度（ Cmax ）分别为2.092、3.687 mg/L,达峰时间（ Tmax ）分别为4.0、0.5 h,消除半衰期（ t1/2）分别为22.301、74.357 h,表观分布容积（ Vd ）分别为5.464、15.342 L/kg,总体清除率（ CL ）分别为0.170、0.143 L·kg/h。研究表明,肌肉注射给药较混饲口灌达峰时间短,达峰浓度高,半衰期长,生物利用度高。     

甲磺酸达氟沙星在鲫体内药物动力学及残留研究

 【目的】研究甲磺酸达氟沙星(Danofloxacin mesylate, DFM)在鲫体内的药物动力学和残留消除规律。【方法】在试验水温20℃时，鲫以10 mg·kg-1 b.w的剂量单次经口灌服甲磺酸达氟沙星后，用液－液提取、反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）测定血浆和组织中DFM的浓度。盐酸氧氟沙星做为内标。房室模型分析表明，其药物时间数据符合有吸收二室模型，吸收、分布迅速，但消除缓慢，半衰期（T1/2 Ka 、T1/2α、T1/2β）分别为0.63、4.96、47.79 h，最大血药浓度（Cmax）为3.23 ?g·ml-1，达峰时间（TP）为2.73 h，药时曲线下面积（AUC）为154 ?g·h·ml-1。非房室模型分析表明，平均滞留时间（Mean Residence Time, MRT）为58.56 h。【结果】组织中药物浓度在测定时间里均显著高于血浆（P＜s0.05），消除快慢依次为肾脏、肝胰脏、血浆、肌肉和皮肤，其消除半衰期分别为33、44、48、51、177 h。与其它组织相比皮肤消除最慢，建议其作为DFM在鲫体内的残留靶组织。在20℃时, 皮肤以100 ?g·kg-1为最高残留限量（maximum residue limit, MRL）建议休药期不低于23 d。     

Pharmacokinetics of Idazoxan in Deers Following Intramuscular Administration

The aim of this experiment was to determine the pharmacokinetics of hydrochloric idazoxan in deers plasma alter intramuscular （IM） dosing. Six clinical healthy Cervus nippon Temmincks were injected with the idazoxan solution at the dose of 0.44 mg·kg-1. Eight mL blood sample was taken from a jugular vein and plasma was separated for drug determination by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Idazoxan pharmacokinetic parameters were simulated by noncompartmental analyses. The results showed that the absorption and elimination of hydrochloric idazoxan in plasma was quick by route of administration, the half-lives of absorption （t1/2Ka） and elimination （t1/2Kc） were （0.2094 ± 0.0341） min, and （13.1842±0.2353） min, respectively, the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve from 0 to ∞ （AUC） was （0.0700±0.0035） （mg·mL-1）. min the maximum concentration in the plasma （Cmax） was （0,0047±0.0005） mg.mL ＇, peaking at （12.4618±0.1198） rain after dosing. In conclusion, these data indicated that the kinetics of hydrochloric idazoxan were fitted to one compartment model with first order absorption, which was characterized by rapid drug action, and fast metabolism with few residue in the blood.     

乙酰甲喹在美洲鳗鲡体内的药物代谢动力学及残留研究

在水温(25±1)℃条件下,分别采用口灌和浸浴的给药方式,以120mg·kg~(-1)的单剂量混饲口灌及5mg·L~(-1)浸浴18h给予乙酰甲喹后,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆、肌肉、肝脏及肾脏中的药物浓度,研究不同给药方式下乙酰甲喹在美洲鳗鲡体内的药代动力学特征及残留情况。结果表明:乙酰甲喹原药在美洲鳗鲡体内吸收良好、代谢快、体内残留少。口灌给药后,血浆中药物浓度达峰时间T_(max)为0.75h,达峰质量浓度C_(max)为4 115μg·L~(-1),消除相半衰期T_(1/2)为7.40h,总体消除率CL/F为41.89L·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),72h后血浆、肌肉、肝脏及肾脏中几乎检测不到原药;浸浴给药血浆中药物浓度于0.25h达峰,达峰质量浓度C_(max)为435.6μg·L~(-1),消除相半衰期T_(1/2)为0.26h,总体消除率CL/F为1.241L·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),2.5h后各组织中几乎检测不到原药。2种方式给药乙酰甲喹在美洲鳗鲡血浆中分布均符合药动学一室开放模型。     

Pharmacokinetics of Clorsulon in Sheep Following Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

The study established a method to analyze clorsulon concentration in sheep plasma by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)with an internal-standard.In plasma,clorsulon concentration within 0.01-1.0μgmL-1 and 1.0-20μgmL-1 ranges had a good linear relationship(R= 0.9991,0.9958). The average recovery of the method was 98.11±3.52%. The relative standard deviation(RSD)s% of within-day and between-day assays were less than 7 and 8% respectively. After giving clorsulon to sheep by intravenous(i.v.)or subcutaneous(s.c.)routes at a single dose of 4mgkg-1,drug concentration-time data in plasma were both fitted to a two-compartment open model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: 1)i.v. administration: T1/2β = 10.04 ± 0.819 h,area under the concentration versus time curve(AUC)=81.85±14.24mghL-1; 2)s.c. administration: T1/2ka= 1.36± 0.75 h,T1/2β=17.92 ± 9.19 h,Tmax=3.18±1.05h,Cmax=5.12±0.99μgmL-1,AUC=56.73±5.25mghL-1,F=71.03 ± 14.15%. The results indicated that clorsulon in sheep following a single s.c.administration was absorbed rapidly and eliminated slower than that following a single i.v.administration,and showed a better bioavailability.     

泰拉霉素注射液在猪体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

 【目的】 研究并比较新型大环内酯类抗生素泰拉霉素注射液和瑞可新注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 30头健康猪,随机分为3组,进行单次给药剂量(2.5mg?kg-1)静注、肌注泰拉霉素注射液和肌注瑞可新注射液,前腔静脉采血,HPLC-ESI-MS/MS法检测猪血浆中泰拉霉素的浓度,罗红霉素做内标。采用药动学软件 WinnonlinTM 的非房室模型分析方法,计算出有关药物动力学参数。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合非房室模型,静脉注射给药后,血浆清除率为158.3mL?kg-1?h-1,稳态表观分布容积为14.9L?kg-1,消除半衰期为65.8h。肌注泰拉霉素注射液(河南惠中)和肌注瑞可新注射液(美国辉瑞)后,吸收迅速,注射给药后15min,血药浓度达峰值,Cmax 分别为839.22ng?mL-1、746.31ng?mL-1。血浆中平均消除半衰期分别为70.3h和65.1h;采用统计分析软件Excel 2003和SPSS 16.0分析各项药动学参数,均没有显著性差异(P＞0.05),表明两者药动学特征相似。与瑞可新注射液(美国辉瑞)相比,国产的泰拉霉素注射液,相对生物利用度为117%,绝对生物利用度为112%,说明肌注给药吸收较完全,消除缓慢,生物利用度高。【结论】泰拉霉素肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较慢,与肌注瑞可新注射液(辉瑞)药动学特征相似。     

双氢杨梅素在家兔体内的药动学研究

[目的]研究双氢杨梅素在家兔体内的药动学特征。[方法]经单剂口服给药后,收集家兔血样,经离心后,采用紫外分光光度法于280 nm波长处进行血药浓度测定。[结果]双氢杨梅素的血药浓度—时间曲线符合一级消除的单室模型,Ke为(0.76±0.13)h-1,Ka为(0.85±0.24)h-1,t1/2(Ka)为(0.82±0.31)h,t 1/2(Ke)为(0.91±0.44)h,Tmax为(1.5±0.46)h,Cmax为(12.36±2.7)mg/L,AUC0→∞为(45.45±22.3)mg.h/L,CL/F为(4.71±1.21)L/(h.kg),V/F为(6.17±3.12)L/kg。[结论]该方法简便、可靠、灵敏,适用于双氢杨梅素的药动学研究。